Term
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Definition
| increase in number of cells in populations or colonies |
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Term
| physical requirements for growth |
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Definition
| temperature pH osmotic pressure |
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Term
| Chemical requirements for growth |
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Definition
| carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, oxygen, trace elements, and organic growth factor |
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Term
| Physical Requirements: Temperature |
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Definition
| minimum, optimum, and maximum growth temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| grow between 0 and 20-30 degrees celcius, cause food spoilage |
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Term
| Physical Requirements: pH |
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Definition
most bacteria grow between pH of 6.5 and 7.5
Molds and yeasts grown between pH of 5 & 6 |
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Term
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Definition
| grow in acidic environments |
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Term
| Physical Requirements: Osmotic pressure |
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Definition
| hypertonic environments, or an increase in salt or sugar, cause plasmolysis |
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Term
| extreme or obligate halophiles |
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Definition
| require high osmotic pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| tolerate high osmotic pressure |
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Term
| Chemical requirements: Carbon |
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Definition
| structural organic molecules, energy source, chemoheterotrophs use organic carbon sources, autotrophs use CO2 |
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Term
| Chemical requirements: Nitrogen |
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Definition
| in amino acids and proteins, most bacteria decompose proteins, some bacteria use NH4+ or NO3-, a few use N2 in nitrogen fixation |
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Term
| Chemical requirements: Sulfur |
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Definition
| in amino acids, thiamine, and biotin. most bacteria decompose proteins, some use SO4 or H2S |
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Term
| Chemical requirements: Phosphorus |
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Definition
| In DNA, RNA, ATP and membranes, PO4 is a source of phosphorus |
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Term
| Chemical requirements: Trace elements |
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Definition
| Inorganic elements required in small amounts, usually as enzyme cofactors |
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Term
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Definition
| only aerobic growth, oxygen is requires, growth on top |
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Term
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Definition
| both aerobic and anaerobic growth, greater growth in presence of oxygen. The growth is concentrated in top but dispersed all over. |
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Term
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Definition
| only anaerobic growth, ceases in presence of oxygen. growth only at bottom |
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Term
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Definition
| only anaerobic growth but continues in presence of oxygen. grows throughout the tube evenly |
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Term
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Definition
| only aerobic growth. oxygen required in low concentration. grows only in the mid section |
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Term
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Definition
| organic compounds obtained from the environment. Also from vitamins, amino acids, purines, and pyrimidines |
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Term
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Definition
| Microbial communities, form slime or hydrogels, share nutrients, sheltered from harmful factors |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical communication allows the coordination of activity so that benefits are derives for the community as a whole |
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Term
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Definition
| nutrients prepared for microbial growth |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| introduction of microbes into medium |
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Term
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Definition
| microbes growing in/on culture medium |
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Term
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Definition
| complex polysaccharide, used as a solidifying agent for culture media in Petri plates, slants, and deeps. Generally not metabolized by organisms, liquifies at 100C solidifies at about 40C |
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Term
|
Definition
| exact chemical composition is known |
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Term
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Definition
| extracts and difests of yeasts, meat, or plants. nutrient broth and agar |
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Term
| anaerobic culture methods: reducing media |
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Definition
| contain chemicals (thioglycolate or oxyrase) that combine O2. heated to drive off O2 |
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Term
|
Definition
| condensation and white indicator shows that it has eliminated oxygen inside |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| microbes that require high CO2 conditions. Can use CO2 packet (new) or candle jar (old) |
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Term
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Definition
BSL-1: no special precautions
BSL-2: lab coat, gloves, eye protection
BSL-3: biosafety cabinets to prevent airborne transmission
BSL-4: sealed, negative pressure, exhaust air filtered twice |
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Term
| differential media makes is easy to |
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Definition
| distinguish colonies of different microbes |
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Term
|
Definition
| suppress unwanted microbes and encourage desired microbes |
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Term
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Definition
| encourages growth of desired microbe |
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Term
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Definition
| only one species or strain |
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Term
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Definition
| a population of cells arising from a single cell or spore and form a group of attached cells. often called a colony-forming unit or CFU. streak plate method is used to isolate pure cultures |
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Term
| preserving bacterial cultures |
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Definition
| deep freezing -50C to -95C |
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Term
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Definition
| freeze-drying. frozen -54C to -72C and dehydrated in vacuum |
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Term
| preserving bacterial cultures |
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Definition
| deep freezing -50C to -95C |
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Term
| preserving bacterial cultures |
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Definition
| deep freezing -50C to -95C |
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Term
| reproduction in prokaryotes |
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Definition
| binary fission, budding, conidiospores (actinomycetes), fragmentation of filaments |
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Term
|
Definition
1) cell elongates and replicates DNA
2) Cell wall and plasma begin to constrict
3) cross-wall forms completely separating the two DNA copies
4) cells seperate |
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Term
|
Definition
| lag phase, log phase, stationary phase, death phase |
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