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Definition
| the process by which a division of labor occurs as different workers specialize in different tasks over time |
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Term
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Definition
| the systematic study of relationships between people and tasks for the purpose of redesigning the work process to increase efficiency; founded by Frederick Taylor |
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| administrative management |
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Definition
| the study of how to create an organizational structure and control system that leads to high efficient and effectiveness |
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Definition
| a formal system of organization and administration designed to ensure efficiency and effectiveness |
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| the power to hold people accountable for their actions and to make decisions concerning the use of organizational resources |
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Definition
| formal written instructions that specify actions to be taken under different circumstances to achieve specific goals |
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Term
| standard operating procedures (SOPs) |
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Definition
| specific sets of written instructions about how to perform a certain aspect of a task |
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Term
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Definition
| inwritten, informal codes that prescribe how people should act in particular situations and are considered important by most members of a group or organization |
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Definition
| a reporting relationship in which an employee receives orders from, and reports to, only one superior |
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| the chain of command extending from the top to the bottom of an organization |
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Definition
| the concentration of authority at the top of the managerial hierarchy |
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Term
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Definition
| the singleness of purpose that makes possible the creation of one plan of action to guide managers and workers as they use organizational resources |
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Definition
| the justice, impartiality, and fairness to which all organizational members are entitled |
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Definition
| the methodical arrangement of positions to provide the organization with the greatest benefit and to provide employees with career opportunites |
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Definition
| the ability to act on one's own, without direction from superior |
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Definition
| obedience, energy, application, and other outward marks of respect for a superior's authority |
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Definition
| shared feelings of comradeship, enthusiasm, or devotion to a common cause among members of a group |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of how managers should behave to motivate employees and encourage them to perform at high levels and be committed to the achievement of organizational goals |
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Term
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Definition
| the finding that a manger's behavior or leadership approach can affect workers' level of performance |
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Definition
| a management approach that advocates the idea that supervisors should receive behavioral training to manage subordinates in ways that elicit their cooperation and increase productivity |
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Term
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Definition
| the system of behavioral rules and norms that emerge in a group |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of how factors that have an impact on how individuals and groups respond to and act in organizations |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of negative assumptions about workers that lead to the conclusion that a manager's task is to supervise workers closely and control their behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| A set of positive assumptions about workers that lead to the conclusion that a manager's task is to create a work setting that encourages commitment to organizational goals and provides opportunities for workers to be imaginative and to exercise initiative and self-direction |
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Term
| management science theory |
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Definition
| an approach to management that uses rigorous quantitative techniques to help managers make maximum use of organizational resources |
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Term
| organizational environment |
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Definition
| the set of forces and conditions that operate beyond an organization's boundaries but affect a manager's ability to acquire and utilize resources |
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Term
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Definition
| a system that takes in resource4s from its external environment and converts them into goods and services that are then sent back to that environment for purchase by customers |
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Term
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Definition
| a system that is self-contained and thus not affected by changes occurring in its external environment |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency of a closed system to lose its ability to control itself and thus to dissolve and disintegrate |
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Term
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Definition
| performance gains that result when individuals and departments coordinate their actions |
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Term
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Definition
| the idea that the organizational structures and control systems managers choose depend on - are contingent on - characteristics if the external environment in which the organization operates |
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Term
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Definition
| an organizational strucutre in which the authority is centralized, tasks and rules are clearly specified, and employees are closely supervised |
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Term
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Definition
| an organization structure in which authority is decentralized to middle and first-line managers and tasks and roles are left ambiguous to encourage employees to cooperate and respond quickly to the unexpected |
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