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| a system of interconnected abstractions or ideas that condense and organize knowledge about the social world |
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| purports to be science but rarely meets scientific standards |
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| a system of producing knowledge and the knowledge produced |
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| Qualitative Social Research |
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Construct social reality cultural meaning
focus on interactive processes
authenticity is key
values present/made explicit
situationally constrained
few cases, subjects, thematic |
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| Quantitative Social Research |
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Measure Objective Facts
Focus on Variables
Reliability is Key
Value Free
Independent of Context
Many Cases and Subjects |
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| address a specific concern or to offer solutions to a problem of their employer/ organization that they are affiliated with |
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| Conduct a study to a specific concern or to offer solutions to a problem of their community |
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| Research that is conducted to dermine whether something is working correctly |
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| Applied Research that treats knowledge as a form of power and abolishes the line between research and social action. |
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| researchers observe at one point in time |
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| Examines People or units at more than one time. |
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| People being studied don't know it so they leave evidence of their natural behavior |
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| Selective Wear used as a measure |
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| The measures are measures of something left behind |
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| A more powerfull theory does more with less, and the less complex of two equally competing theories is better. |
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| A type of quasi-theory that lacks critical features required of a scientific theory |
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| Some theories are abstract while others are more concrete |
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| Interpretive Social Science |
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| a systematic analysis of socially meaningfull action through the direct detailed observation of people in their natural settings in order to arrive at an understanding of how people create their social worlds |
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| a theoretical statement that specifies the relationship between two or more variables |
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| a statement of how things work out |
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| A researcher begins with an abstract, logical relationship among concepts, then moves toward concrete |
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| A researcher begins with more detailed observations and moves toward more abstract generalization. |
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| A Researcher builds Ideas and theoretical generalizations based on closely examining and creatively thinking about the idea |
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| deals with small slices of time space and numbers |
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| attempts to link macro and micro levels |
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| concerns the level of larger aggregates such as social institutions |
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| developed for a specific area of social concern |
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| developed for a broad conceptual area in general theory |
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| A cause must come before an effect |
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| Structural Interpretation |
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| a researcher uses a set of interconnected assumptions concepts and relationships |
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| attempt to discover the meaning of an event or practice by placing it within a specific social context |
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| recall an event but earlier or later than it actually occured |
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| combines deductive logic with precise empirical observations or individual behavior in order to discover and confirm a set of probabilistic causal laws that can be used to predict general patterns of human activities |
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| a scientist must be neutral, impartial, receptive, to new ideas |
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| scientific knowledge is cummulative and shared |
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| scientist should not accept new ideas or evidence in a carefree unctritical manner |
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| no matter where the research is done it is only to be judged by its scientific merit |
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| advances fundamental about the social world |
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researcher estimates the future costs and benefits of one or several proposed actions
Ford Pinto Example |
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- There are two forms of non-reactive measures, a(n) __________ measure is where selective wear is used to measure social behavior.
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- This type of research is conducted to address a specific concern or to offer solutions to a problem of their employer/organization that they are affiliated with, their community, or a social movement to which they are committed?
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| Universalism, organized skepticism, disinterestedness, communalism, honesty |
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| Name two of the five norms of the scientific community |
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| Frequency, direction, intensity, space |
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| Name two of the four characteristics of text content that Neuman recommends that researchers code for when conducting a content analysis/ |
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| classification scheme is used by social researchers to combine two or more unidimensional, simple concepts, such that the intersection of simple concepts forms new more complex concepts? |
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| Psuedo-science or junk science |
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| The Hite Report and The Bell Curve are examples of what kind of science? |
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| Authority, tradition, common sense, media myths, personal experience |
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| Name two of the "alternatives to social research" |
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| There are two types of evaluations that we discussed in class, this type focuses on the final outcomes of a program or policy? |
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| Fallacy of misplaced concreteness |
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What is it called when a researcher quotes statistics in
great detail to give an impression of scientific rigor? |
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| Something that appears to be a causal explanation but is not. |
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| _____________ occurs when two variables are associated but are not causally related because there is actually an unseen third factor that is the real cause |
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| A ___________ is a form of circular reasoning in which someone appears to say something new but is really talking in circles and making a statement that is true by definition |
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- A _____________ is a proposition to be tested or a tentative statement of a relationship between variables.
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- __________ theory is when a qualitative researcher develops theory during the data collection process. This more inductive approach means that theory is built from data.
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| What type of researcher is more likely to follow a "linear research path" |
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| In the _____________ perspective, the researcher is the expert and research questions often originate with the sponsors of the research. |
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| In social research methods ___________ means looking at something from several points of view, rather than just one. |
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| Researchers attempt to protect their subjects privacy several ways, ____________ means that information may have a name attached to it, but the researcher keeps it secret from the public. |
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| _________ __________ occurs when a researcher fakes of invents data that were not really collected, or falsely reports how research was conducted |
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| Self study, context, historical, theoretical, integrative, methodological |
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| Name two of the six types of literature reviews that Neuman describes. |
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| A ____________ researcher sees no separation between the arts or humanities and social sciences. In addition, a researcher’s description is neither superior nor inferior to anyone else’s and only describes the researcher’s personal experiences |
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| Interpretive social science |
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| Which methodological approach can be described as follows: A systematic analysis of socially meaningful action through the direct detailed observation of people in natural settings in order to arrive at understandings and interpretations of how people create and maintain their social worlds. |
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| When social reality is described as being based on a system of general laws it is referred to as being ___________. Positivism is often characterized as following this type of model. |
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| Positivism, interpretive social science, critical social science |
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| What are the three methodological approaches to studying a social issues that we discussed in class? |
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| A(n) __________ view of the world believes that things are the way they are by nature? |
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What is this type of question called?
Do you have student health insurance and work at the health center? |
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| Temporal order, association, non-spuriousness (eliminating alternatives) |
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| Name one of the three things you need to have to establish causality. |
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| strong 1st bivariate table weak 2nd and 3rd |
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