Term
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Definition
catalyzes the phosphorylation of Glucose to glucose 6-P
1 ATP used |
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Term
| hexose phosphate isomerase |
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Definition
| catalyzes the isomerization of Glucose 6-P to fructose 6-P |
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Term
| phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) |
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Definition
catalyzes the phosphorylation of Fructose 6-P to fructose 1,6-BP
1 ATP used |
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Term
|
Definition
| catalyzes the C3 hydrolysis of fructose 6-P to glyceraldehyde 3-P and dihydroxyacetone phosphate |
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Term
|
Definition
| catalyzes the isomerization of dihydroxyacetonephosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-P |
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Term
| glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
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Definition
| catalyzes the phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde 3-P to glyceraldehyde 1,3 BP |
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Term
| glyceraldehyde phosphate kinase |
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Definition
catalyzes the dephosphorylation of glyceraldehyde 1,3 BP to glyceraldehyde 3P
(1 ATP generated) x 2 molecules |
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Term
| glyceraldehyde phosphate mutase |
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Definition
| catalyzes the isomerization of glyceraldeyde 3P to glyceraldehyde 2P |
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Term
|
Definition
| catalyzes the dehydration of glyceraldehyde 2P to phosphoenolpyruvate |
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Term
|
Definition
catalyzes the dephosphorylation of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate
(1 ATP formed) x 2 |
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Term
|
Definition
2 ATP used
4 ATP made
2 NADH made
2 Pyruvate made |
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Term
|
Definition
reaction 3
synthesis of fructose 1,6-BP |
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|
Term
|
Definition
step 1 Hexokinase activity
step 3 PFK-1 activity
step 10 pyruvate Kinase activity |
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Term
| control point 1 inhibitors |
|
Definition
Glucose 6-P
(feedback inhibition in pancreas, but in liver where hexokinase is replaced by glucokinase no inhibition)
Hexokinase has high Km for glucose
glucokinase has low Km for glucose |
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Term
| control point 2 inhibitor |
|
Definition
ATP
(high [ATP] phosphorylate/inactivates PFK-2 blocking the synthesis of Fructose 2,6BPG)
Citrate (feedback inhibition) |
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Term
| control point 2 activator |
|
Definition
cAMP
(activates protein Kinase A which dephosphorylates/activates PFK-2)
Fructose 2,6 BP
(high concentration activates PFK1) |
|
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Term
| regulation of PFK-2 in heart and liver |
|
Definition
heart: phosphorylation activates PFK-2 leading to glycolysis
liver: dephosphorylation activates PFK-2 leading to glycolysis |
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Term
| Control point 3- inhibitors |
|
Definition
ATP
(phoaphorylation inactivates pyruvate kinase)
alanine
(product of pyruvate metabolism, feedback inhibition) |
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Term
| Control Point 3- activator |
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Definition
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Term
| insulin's effect on glucose in liver |
|
Definition
insulin activates glycolysis
decreases cAMP==> deactivate kinase A ==>dephosphorylates/activate pfk-2 ==> synthesis Fructose 2,6 BP ==> increased concentration activate pfk-1 ==> glycolysis |
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Term
| epinephrines's effect on glucose in heart |
|
Definition
Epi activates glycolysis
upregulates cAMP ==> activate Kinase A ==> phosphorylates pfk2 ==> increases fructose 2,6 BP => activates pfk1 |
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Term
| glucagon's effect on glucose in liver |
|
Definition
deactivates glucolysys
similare process as insulin only the phosphorylate pfk-2 in liver is inactive |
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Term
| glycolysis inhibitors/ downregulators |
|
Definition
iodoacetate
arsenate ions
2,3 BPG-shunt |
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Term
|
Definition
| competetively inhibits the step 6 enzyme glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase by binding to the thiol group of the enzyme preveenting the substrate from binding |
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Term
|
Definition
| inhibits the step 6 enzyme glyceraldehyde 3P DH by competing for the binding site of the inorganic phosphate |
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Term
|
Definition
| A step 7 side reaction that can take 1,3 BPG to 2,3 BPG bypassing the ATP producing dephosphorylation reaction catalyzed by phosphoglycerate kinase |
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