Term
| What are the three possible routes for glucose metabolism in the absorptive state? |
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Definition
Glucose -> Direct utilisation by cells
Glucose -> Glycogen
Glucose -> Storage as TAG |
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Term
| What is the main aim of glucose metabolism? |
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Definition
| To preserve the blood glucose levels |
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Term
| How many molecules of ATP are formed by the aerobic respiration of glucose? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many molecules of ATP are formed by the anaerobic respiration of glucose? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which enzyme catalyses the reaction from pyruvate to lactic acid? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which enzyme catalyses the reaction from pyruvate to Acetyl coA? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many ATP molecules can be formed by each NADH molecule? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe how the electron transport chain forms ATP. |
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Definition
NADH -> NAD+ + H+. The H+ is pumped into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, which creates a proton gradient.
H+ then diffuses back through the membrane through ATP synthase (the energy from the H+ is used to attach a Pi to ADP0 |
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Term
| What does the enzyme phosphoglucomutaste do? |
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Definition
| Moves the phosphate group in glucose 6 phosphate from the 6 carbon to the 1 carbon forming glucose 1 phosphate |
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Term
| Which enzyme catalyses the reaction from glucose 1 phosphate to UDP glucose? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term for the formation of glycogen from glucose? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term for the formation of triacylglycerols from glucose? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the enzyme acetyl coA carboxylase do? |
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Definition
| Turns Acetyl co A into Malonyl co A |
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Term
| How is palmitate formed in lipogenesis? |
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Definition
| Acetyl co A primes the fatty acid synthase, then malonyl co A is taken up by the ACP part and adds 2C to the chain on the synthase part of the enzyme. This stage is repeated until the chain has 16C. |
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Term
| What enzyme catalyses the reaction between palmitate and glycerol 3 phosphate and what is the product formed? |
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Definition
Acyl tranferase.
Palmitate + glycerol 3 phosphate = TAG |
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Term
| How many ATP molecules are formed by acetic acid when it enters the TCA cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe how ruminants form glucose from VFAs. |
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Definition
| 2 propionate is changed to 2 succinyl co A in the liver. This is changed 2 phosphenolpyruvate and then to glucose. |
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Term
| What are the VFAs absorbed by the ruminant? |
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Definition
| Acetate, butyrate, propionate |
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