Term
| Indulgences- (around 1515) |
|
Definition
| St. Peter’s indulgences. Would release a sinner from punishment for his sins. Paid in coin or cash at church. Run by John Tetzel. Authorized by the pope as a way to make money and force people to believe again, giving back some of the church’s lost power |
|
|
Term
[image]
Johann Tetzel- (1515) |
|
Definition
| sale of Dominican Friar who was in charge of the sale of papal indulgences in the archbishopric of Mainz, was commissioned to preach the indulgence. Tetzel emotionally depicted the wailing of dead parents in Purgatory, pleading with their children to put coins in the box so that they could be released from their suffering |
|
|
Term
[image]
Desiderius Erasmus- (1466-1536) |
|
Definition
| Dutch philosopher who spearheaded a movement to apply the principles of humanistic philosophy to Christianity and bible studies during the Reformation. He did not join the new movements of Christianity, he simply used his writings to move people and remained neutral |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Written by Pope Boniface VIII. Threw down the gauntlet to lay rulers. It asserted that “it is absolutely necessary for the salvation for everyone to be subject to the Roman pointiff” |
|
|
Term
| The Great Schism- (1378-1417) |
|
Definition
| a period when there was a pope elected in Avignon, a pope elected in Rome, and a third pope elected in Pisa. Each of these three popes claimed total authority over the Christian Church and refused to recognize the authority of the others. |
|
|
Term
[image]
John Wycliff- (1328-1384) |
|
Definition
| English priest and scholar whose studies led him to challenge Christian orthodoxy. Wycliffe stressed the role of faith in reaching salvation and insisted that reading the Scriptures should form the basis of faith |
|
|
Term
[image]
Jan Hus- (1369-1415) |
|
Definition
| Bohemian theologian who criticized the worldliness of many priests and rejected the authority of the papacy, his teachings led to the Hussite Wars in Central Europe. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a theory that a general council of the church has greater authority than the pope and may, if necessary, depose him. Conciliarism had its roots in discussions of 12th- and 13th-century canonists who were attempting to set juridical limitations on the power of the papacy. |
|
|
Term
| The Peasants’ Revolt- (1524-25) |
|
Definition
| peasants rose up against their lords in parts of the central and southern German states. They demanded return of rights that the lords had usurped. They also asked for the abolition of serfdom and the tithe. Bands of poor people burned castles and monasteries |
|
|
Term
| The Peace of Augsburg- (1555) |
|
Definition
| compromise agreed to by the Holy Roman emperor Charles V and the Imperial representative assembly that stipulated that the religion of each of the Empire States would follow the religion of the ruler of that state |
|
|
Term
[image]
Huldrych Zwingli- (1484-1531) |
|
Definition
| Swiss pastor who preached salvation by virtue of faith alone. His ideas flourished in parts of Switzerland and some German states |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| radical Protestants, who in 1525, rejected the baptism of infants because they could find no reference to it in the Bible. They believed that only adults could manifest true faith and therefore be worthy of baptism. |
|
|
Term
[image]
John Calvin- (1509-1564) |
|
Definition
| Protestant leader who, while in Switzerland, developed the doctrine of predestination, whereby God decides who is worthy of grace and who of eternal damnation. Calvinism became the foundation of Protestant movements in France, Holland, Scotland, and England. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| required all officials, clergy, and candidates for university degrees to take an oath acknowledging the queen as “governor” of the English Church |
|
|
Term
| The Council of Trent- (1545) |
|
Definition
| meeting of catholic leaders to assess the condition of the Catholic Church and define its doctrines. It rejected most points raised by the protestant movement and reaffirmed the authority of the pope and bishops, the seven sacraments, and the presence of Christ in the Eucharist |
|
|
