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| a professional mercenary who operated in Renaissance Italy. Francesco Sforza is a prominent example of condottieri, which means a mercenary of common origins. |
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| a powerful family who were mostly financial specialists, but eventually placed a good deal of their family on or in line for the papacy, further dominating their grasp on Europe of the time. |
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Petrarch- (1304-1374) |
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| Florentine intellectual poet who was influential in the rediscovery of the classics of Latin antiquity |
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| a system of thought that applies logical reasoning to philosophical and theological questions. The scholastic curriculum centered on law, medicine, and theology and focused on reconciling the Greek classics to Christian theological questions |
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| philosophical school of the Renaissance that shifted the curriculum of schools from away from scholasticism and towards Latin grammar, rhetoric, and metaphysics. The underlying principle of humanism is that “man is the measure of all things.” |
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Machiavelli- (1469-1527) |
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| Italian writer who was exiled when the Medicis reinstated their rule in Florence; while in exile he wrote The Prince (1513) which described the art of ruling a state as a benevolent tyrant |
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Castigloine- (1478-1529) |
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| author of The Courtier (1528), which described the ideal Renaissance man |
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Brunelleschi- (1377-1446) |
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| first applied theories of classical architecture to the Foundling Hospital in Florence. He constructed the technical problems and built the Duomo in Milan. |
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| a term from the Italian word for “style”, which particularly characterized the 1520’s, marked by a heightened scale, exaggerated drama, and the submersion of detail to a total emotional effect, reflecting the climate of the times. Mannerism’s imaginative distortions and sense of restlessness offered an unsettling vision in tune with new uncertainties |
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