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Definition
| getting info into memory system |
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| retaining info in memory over time |
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| getting info our of memory storage |
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| unconscious process of encoiding certain information without effort |
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| encoding that requires attention anc conscious effort |
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| conscious repitition of info |
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rehearsal/practice more one reahearses, more one retains |
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| continue to reahears after one has memorized the info |
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Term
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tendency to recal the first and last items on a list primacy vs. recency effect |
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| make material that one is trying to memorize meaningful |
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add meaning to material by relating it to own life |
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| associate items you want to remember with imaginary places |
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| associate wors you want to remember with a list of peg words that you have already remembered |
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| brief, initial encoding of sensory information in teh memory system |
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more permanent than sensory memory "working memory" last ~20s w/o rehearsal; ~7 items +/- 2 lasts as long as one reahearses George Miller |
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last minutes, hours, days, weeks, even decades virtually unlimited capacity |
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| vivid memory of an emotional significant moment or event |
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Term
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| as the sequence of neurons that represent a particular memory fires reeatedly, the patht the neurons take becomes more efficient-->easier to remember |
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recall facts, experiences hippocampus |
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Term
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Definition
recall skills, procedures cerebellum |
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Definition
| searching for information that was previously stored |
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| must identify item you reviously learned |
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Term
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environment in which you encode or retrieve info easier to retrieve info when in the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| enhanced ability to retrieve memory when in the same physical and emotional state as you were when you encoded the info |
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Term
space effect (distributed) vs. massed rehearsal |
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Definition
spreading out rehearsals massed-cramming |
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Term
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Definition
photographic memory <14% of population |
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Term
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| positive memories seem better b/c mind overpowers neg. memories |
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Term
| eye witnesses are easily influenced |
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Definition
- a chance remark or blink by an officer
- how ?s re phrased
- unconsciously want to please police
- assumption that guilty person is in the line up
- picks person most like the victim b/c witnesswitness feels obligated to pick someone
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Term
| ways to improve eye witness accuracy |
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Definition
- oen witness views line up at a time
- fillers should resemble the suspect
- get a "statemetn of confidence" from the witness
- do a "mock witness" test where suspect is not present
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Term
| improving you own memory as a witness |
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Definition
- write down everythin
- don't share ideas with others
- recognize possible errors such as height(compare to unmovable object)
- imagine yourself back at the scene
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Term
| confabulation (misinformation effect) |
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Definition
| a false memory; children, leading people |
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Term
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Definition
| lost in detail of memories; basic story |
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Term
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Definition
- encoding failure
- storage failure
herman ebbinghaus-"forgetting curve" some memories don't decay-permastore interference-proactive-old blocks new -retroactive-new blocks old motivated forgetting-repression-sigmund Freud -recovery memory |
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