Atkinson & Shiffin

incoming information----> sensory memory (brief)---->Short-term memory<-----> Long-term memory

Short-term: passive, temporary storage.

Working: temporary activation and manipulation.

Delay response task: actively retain information during delay period.

Limited capacity: average 7+/- items. Depends on age/ how remembered

Explicit/Implicit

Long-term memory

Explicit: Semantic (general knowledge)

Episodic (specific events)

Implicit: Priming (NS prepared)

Classical Conditioning (association)

Procedural (skills)

Perceptual (past experiences)

H.M./ Clive Wearing: anterograde amnesia but good performance in working-M tasks.

• Primacy Effect- requires rehearsal (long-term)
• Recency effect- forgotten after delay (working M)

Different brain structures activated

K.F. - working M impairment- normal primacy results, worse than control recency effects.

The higher the number of connections, the more memory traces, therefore easier to retrieve information.

CONNECTIONS: self-reference effects, interact with other information trying to learn, connection with known information.

Shocking/Major events are easier to recall.

• Special Mechanism
• Narrative Rehearsal Hypothesis- more likely to retell major events- memory more likely to be modified/unaccurate.

False testimony due to:

• Familiriaty
• Suggestions

• Anterograde: problems forming new memories.

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• Retrograde: problems recalling old memories.

disruption of trace consolidation of events at time of trauma.

disruption (by trauma) of trace consolidation of events prior trauma.