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Memory
Chapter 6 Psychology 101
28
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
07/26/2011

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Term
memory
Definition
retention of memory over time
Term
memory illusion
Definition
false but subjectively compelling memory
Term
sensory memory
Definition
Brief storage of perceptual information before it is passed to short-term memory.

Psychologist believe each sense, vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell has its own form of sensory memory.
Term
iconic memory
Definition
the type of sensory memory that applies to vision
Term
iconic memory
Definition
the type of sensory memory that applies to vision
Term
echoic memory
Definition
memory that applies to hearing
Term
short term memory
Definition
memory system that retains the information we are currently thinking about for limited durations. Short term errors tend to be acoustic, that is, based on the sound of the information we've received.
Term
Decay
Definition
fading of information from memory
Term
interference
Definition
loss of information from memory because of competition for additional incoming information. Our memories get in the way of each other and are very much like radio signals.
Term
retroactive interference
Definition
interference with retention of old information due to acquisition of new information.
Term
proactive interference
Definition
interference with acquisition of new information due to previous learning of information
Term
Magic #
Definition
the span of short-term memory, according to George Miller: seven plus or minus two pieces of information.
Term
Chunking
Definition
organizing information into meaningful groupings, allowing us to extend the span of short-term memory
Term
rehearsal
Definition
repeating information to extend the duration of retention in short-term memory.
Term
maintenance rehearsal
Definition
repeating stimuli in their original form to retain them in short-term memory
Term
elaborative rehearsal
Definition
linking stimuli to each other in a meaningful way to improve retention of information in short-term memory.
Term
levels-of-processing model
Definition
model stating that the more deeply we process information, the better we remember it.
Term
Long-term memory
Definition
sustained(from minutes to years) retention of information stored regarding facts, our experiences, and skills. Errors are based on semantic, that is, based on the meaning of information we've received.
Term
Primacy effect
Definition
Tendency to remember words at the beginning of a list especially well
Term
recency effect
Definition
tendency to remember words at the end of a list especially well.
Term
recency effect
Definition
tendency to remember words at the end of a list especially well.
Term
serial position curve
Definition
graph depicting the effect of both primacy and recency on people's ability to recall items on a list.
Term
semantic memory
Definition
our knowledge of facts about the world
Term
episodic memory
Definition
our recollection of events in our lives
Term
explicit memory
Definition
aka declarative memory; memories we recall intentionally and of which we have conscious awareness.
Term
implicit memory
Definition
memories we don't deliberately remember or reflect on consciously. Example, unlocking our door.
Term
procedural memory
Definition
memory for how to do things, including motor skills and habits. Example riding bike, opening a soda can.
Term
priming
Definition
our ability to identify a stimulus more easily or more quickly after we've encountered similar stimuli.
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