Term
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Definition
| hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions |
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Term
| lipid membrane is made of |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sandwich model- membrane between layers of proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| protiens individually placed in membrane |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| made of phospholipids, monolayer |
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Term
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Definition
| protein layer on either side of membrane |
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Term
| how are membranse preped for microscopy? |
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Definition
| freeze fracture- freeze a cell then fracturing with a knife, splits membrane in half |
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Term
| how is the membrane held together? |
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Definition
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Term
| how often do lipid molecules move? |
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Definition
| ~10^7 laterally, flip-flop rarely |
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Term
| what cuases membranes to keep their fluidity at lower temperatures? |
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Definition
| unsaturated lipids- kinks in tails |
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Term
| what effect does cholesterol have on the membrane? |
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Definition
| makes less fluid by restricting movement, makes harder to pack together |
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Term
| do membranes need to be fluid? |
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Definition
| yes, otherwise the permeablity changes, inactive enzymes, some organisms change lipid composition to fix this |
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Term
| do all cells have the same proteins? |
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Definition
| no, each cell has unique functions -> unique proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| go through the hydrophobic region, can be transmembrane (all the way through), ex: integrin |
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Term
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Definition
| bound to surface, sometimes to exposed integral |
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Term
| how are membranes held in place? |
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Definition
| cytoplasmic side- cytoskeletion, extracellular- ECM |
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Term
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Definition
| Transport (channel or carrier proteins), enzymatic activity( act as parts of metabolic pathway), signal transduction (receptor for specific chemical messenger, relays message inside cell), Cell-Cell recognition (glycoproteins- "ID tags"), intercellualr joining (gap or tight junctions), attachment to ECM (helps coordinate cellular changes) |
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Term
| What is cell-cell recognition |
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Definition
| recognition of other cells, essential to detect foreign cells |
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Term
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Definition
| glycoproteins or glycolipids, 15> sugars, individual to cell |
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Term
| example of cell-cell recognition? |
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Definition
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Term
| difference between sides of membrane? |
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Definition
| specific lipid composition, directional orientation |
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Term
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Definition
| can take some in, but not all |
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Term
| what cannot pass through? |
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Definition
| polar, hydrophilic, charged, large molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| transmembrane, hydrophilic can pass without touching hydrophobic |
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Term
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Definition
| channel protein for water, 3 billion molecules/second |
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Term
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Definition
| hydrophylic channel through hydrophobic region |
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Term
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Definition
| shuttle across by holding, changing shape, the releasing, specific to molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency tof a substance to spread out in avaliable space, driven by heat of molecules, sponaneous |
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Term
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Definition
| same on both sides, same amount cross membrane from each side |
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Term
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Definition
| density of a substance decreases independent of other substances |
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Term
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Definition
| diffusion across membrane that requires no energy |
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Term
| what is diffusion limited by? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| passive transport of water |
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Term
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Definition
| higher concentration relative to other solution |
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Term
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Definition
| lower concentration relative to other solution |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what is the direction of diffusions |
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Definition
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Term
| what leaves fewer free water molecules? |
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Definition
| when they pare part of a shell of hydration around substances |
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Term
| what is osmosis determined by? |
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Definition
| difference in total solute concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of a solution to cause gain or loss of water, depends on concentration |
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Term
| animal cell in hypertonic |
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Definition
| shrivel, lose water, crenate |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| gain water, turgid, natural state |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what to paramecium use to keep from lysing? |
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Definition
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Term
| extracellular fluid, what tonicity? |
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Definition
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Term
| conrol of water balance in organismes without rigid walls |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| polar molecules/ions in bilayer diffuse with help of proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| gated channel proteins, open/close according to simulus |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| problems with transport systems |
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Definition
| inherited, can be defective or missing |
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Term
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Definition
| requires energy to move particles |
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Term
| how does ATP power active transport |
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Definition
| transferring phosphate group to transport protein, can cause conformation change, allowing for transport |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 Na out, 2 K in, typically higher K outside, Na inside |
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Term
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Definition
| electrical potential energy from seperation of charges |
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Term
| which cells maintain voltage? |
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Definition
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Term
| what part has a negative charge? |
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Definition
| cytoplasm, unequal distribution |
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Term
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Definition
| voltage across a membrane, acts like a battery, -50 to -200, favors passive transport |
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Term
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Definition
| both chemnical and electrical force |
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Term
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Definition
| based on ions concentration gradient |
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Term
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Definition
| effect of membrane potential on ions movement |
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Term
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Definition
| transport protein that creates voltage, allows for evergy to be stored |
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Term
| main electrogenic pump in animal cells |
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Definition
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Term
| main electrogenic pump in plant cells |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| substance actively transported out of cell, used for work as flows back down gradient |
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Term
| how is h ion pump used in plants? |
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Definition
| sucrose into veins of leaves or nonphotosynthetic parts |
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Term
| what enters through diffusion and transport proteins? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| secretion of molecules through fusion of vesicle with membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| makes insulin, exocytosis into ECM |
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Term
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Definition
| takes in moleules by forming vesicles from membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| cellular eating, digested when combined with vacuole |
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Term
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Definition
| cellular drinking, needs particles dissolved in extracellular fluid |
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Term
| receptor mediated endocytosis |
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Definition
| more specific, proteins for specific ligands, caot prteins on inner side, coated pits, vesicles and receptors later return to membrane, ex: cholesterol |
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Term
| familial hypercholseterolemia |
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Definition
| genetic, high level of cholesterol in blood,, missing or defective receptors |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| what else do vesicles do? |
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Definition
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Term
| does the amount of membrane change? |
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Definition
| no, endo and exocytosis are continuous in most eukaryotes |
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