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(roman empire)
• Roman civic cult: order of virgins (from senatorial class)
• Responsible for fire of rome, and therefore its prosperity
• Chastity closely scrutinized (buried alive for breaking vows) |
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(284-305)
• First emperor to flaunt total control (dominus / lord)
• Established tetrarchy w/ 2 ‘augusti’ and 2 ‘ceasars’
o Decentralize power, clarify line of succession
• Separated military from civilian command |
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(27-14)
• Octavian, caesar’s nephew and heir
• Skillfully veiled power behind republic institutions
• Expanded rome more than any other
• Claimed responsibility for pax romana
• Championed the defense of traditional roman morality
o Ostracized foreign gods, promoted domestic virtue |
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(312-337)
• Established new city of Constantinople as capital in 324
• Favored Christianity after success in battle, rocketed it to significance
• Established a hereditary line of succession
• Became ruler after fall of tetrarchy |
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| 4th through 7th century • Sect of Christianity following Arius • Believed that the father created the son and they were not equal • Declared heretical @ council of nicea • Retained by ostrogoth, major weakness during 6th century rule |
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| mid 300s) • N. African bishops and priests who declared that collaboration with rome was sin • Priests who had sinned were unable to confer sacrament • Threatened the validity of all baptisms ect • Declared heretical, Augustine upholds ‘correct ritual form’ |
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(568-774)
• 568 Albion leads the Lombards and other Germanic tribes into Italy
• capitol established at Pavia (northern Italy)
• treachery, assassination, and religious divisions |
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(c. 480-524)
• translates Greek writings into Latin, especially Aristotle’s works on logic
• ‘Consolation of Philosophy’ written in prison after his arrest for treason
• value of philosophical meditation for proving God’s nature and existence
• original works on education, philosophical inquiry, and Christian theology |
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(354-420) • Believed that human nature was inherently evil • Believed that some were endowed with gods grace, and the rest were doomed • Proposed two societies: ‘On the City of God’ o City of man (evil) those who loved themselves and wealth o City of God those who were predestined for heaven, and lived as travelers/pilgrims on earth author of 'confession' influenced by manicheaism and neoplatonism dealt w/ donatists and Pelagius (grace necessary for good) |
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(480-547)
• Drafted ‘latin rule’ as a simple guideline for beginners in monasticism
• First time that monasticism began to grow in west
• Focused on daily cycle of simplicity, and useful physical labor
• Valued stability, perseverance, and dedication to monastic lifestyle |
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(340-420)
• Translated Christian bible from Hebrew and greek into latin
• Known as vulgate / ‘common’ version
• Commented on how bible should be interpreted
o Allegorically/symbolically in addition to historical analysis
• Fervent supporter of the monastic tradition
• Misogynistic in general despite successful relationships |
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(490 – c. 583)
• Roman senatorial family
• writes history of the Goths
• establishes a library at Vivarium; influences Benedictine monasticism
• gets monks to copy texts |
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527-565
• last of the Latin-speaking emperors to rule from Byzantium
• attempts to reconquer/reunite the western part of the Roman Empire
• 533 Belisarius attacks the Vandal Kingdom, regains control of the Mediterranean
• By 540 he had reconquered most of the Italian peninsula
• Justinian’s 20 year Italian campaign (535-554) marks the beginning of the “Dark Ages” in Italy |
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(493-526)
• Ruler of the ‘east goths’, former roman hostage
• Sponsored by east roman emperor Zeno: controlled military and arian church. Romans ran civil govt. and catholic church
• Defeated the huns and reclaimed italy
• Retained roman style civilization |
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(xx-67)
• First major apostle to have never met jesus, authored earliest written sources concerning jesus
• Converted Pharisee who had persecuted Christians
• Spread jesus teachings to Greece and asia minor
• Declared jewish law irrelevant to christians |
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• 370 Pushed into rome fleeing from the huns
• Agreed to guard rome in return for land and food subsidies
• 376-8 Attacked by rome:Killed emperor Valens
• 395, 410 Subsidies revoked: united under Alaric and sacked rome
• 412 left and went to gaul/spain |
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| ruler's religious responsibility (not necessarily divine) |
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| Prince of Peace (Augustus and then Jesus) |
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| Roman-ness, sense of patriotism/pride |
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| god's presence in the material world |
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| beliefs which the church disagrees with |
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| solitary and austere lifestyle focused on religious contemplation |
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| 'common' version of the bible; first latin translation |
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| cultural influence of neighboring societies |
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| franchise taxing: govt. charges for right to collect taxes in a certain area |
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| established guidelines as to what must be believed for salvation |
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| god entering world through jesus |
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| • Worship of Mithras the sun god. Perceived to be similar to Christianity |
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| father son and holy ghost: 3 manifestations of same christian godhead |
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| jewish religious scripture |
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| supreme priest (once emperor, now pope) |
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| severe self discipline and abstinence from any indulgence |
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| adam and eve eating apple in eden, by which all thier hiers are damned |
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