Term
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Definition
| Antipyretic, Nonopiod Analgesic. Inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins that may serve as mediators of pain and fever, particularly in the CNS. Analgesic effect, antipyretic. |
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Term
Acetaminophen
Side Effects |
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Definition
| GI -Hepatic Failure, Hepatotoxicity |
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Term
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Definition
| NSAID. Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis which results in decreased pain and inflammation. Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic |
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Term
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Definition
CNS – headache. GI – Bleeding, hepatitis, constipation, dyspepsia, n/v. Derm – Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis. Misc. – Anaphylaxis NEPHROTOXICITY
Take with Food! |
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Term
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Definition
| NSAID. Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis which results in decreased pain and inflammation. |
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Term
Naproxen Sodium:
Side effects |
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Definition
CNS – Dizziness, Drowsiness, Headache. GI – Drug-induced hepatitis, GI Bleeding, constipation, dyspepsia, nausea. Misc. – Anaphylaxis and Stevens Johnson Syndrome. NEPHROTOXICITY
Take with food. Don't take with active GI bleed. |
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Term
|
Definition
| COX-2 Inhibitor. NSAID. Inhibits the enzyme COX-2. This enzyme is required for the synthesis of prostaglandins. Has analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic properties which results in decreased pain and inflammation caused by arthritis, colorectal polyps. |
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Term
|
Definition
CV – Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, Thrombosis. GI – GI Bleeding. Derm – Exfoliative dermatitis, Steven-Johnson’s Syndrome, Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.
Take it every day scheduled to work. Takes about a week to work.Don't take if patient has heart issues. |
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Term
Codeine, Oxycodone, Hydrocodone, Morphine Sulfate, Demerol, Methadone, Hydromorphone, Fentanyl:
Action |
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Definition
| Opiod Analgesics. Binds to opiate receptors in CNS. Alters the perception of and response to painful stimuli while producing generalized CNS depression. Decreases cough reflex. Results in decrease of pain, coughing. Methadone is used to decrease severity of pain and suppression of withdrawal symptoms during detoxification and maintenance from heroin and other opiods. |
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Term
Codeine, Oxycodone, Hydrocodone, Morphine Sulfate, Demerol, Methadone, Hydromorphone, Fentanyl:
Side effects |
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Definition
| CNS – Confusion, dizziness, sedation. CV – Hypotension. GI – Constipation, dyspepsia, n/v. |
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Term
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Definition
| Antidote for opiods/opiod antagonist. Competitively blocks the effects of opiods, including CNS and respiratory depression, without producing any agonist (opiod-like) effects. |
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Term
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Definition
| CV – Ventricular arrhythmias. Fast acting and goes away fast so may need to give several times |
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Term
Cisplatin, Methotrexate, Bleomycin, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, Vinblastine, Hydroxyurea, Tamoxifen:
Action |
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Definition
| All of these drugs are antineoplastics. They all interfere with DNA synthesis in various ways. Generally target rapidly dividing cells. |
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Term
Cisplatin, Methotrexate, Bleomycin, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, Vinblastine, Hydroxyurea, Tamoxifen:
Side Effects |
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Definition
| All of these antineoplastics have a variety of side effects. Generally, the side effects have to do with targeting rapidly dividing cells. This will include hair loss, GI upset (as it destroys the rapidly dividing cells of the GI) and INFECTION (as leukocytes, thrombocytes, etc. are destroyed). |
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Term
Allopurinol:
Side Effects |
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Definition
| Antigout agent, secondarily antihyperuricemic, which may occur during treatment of tumors or leukemias. Inhibits the production of uric acid by inhibiting the action of xanthine oxidase, lowering the serum uric acid levels. |
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Term
Allopurinol:
Side Effects |
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Definition
| Derm. – rash (discontinue drug at first sign of rash). Rash is related to Steven-Johnson's syndrome. Renal - Tumor Lysis Syndrome. So much waste from destruction of tumors is being filtered by the kidneys, can cause acute renal failure. |
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Term
Compazine, Promethazine:
Action |
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Definition
| Antiemetics. Generally used in the treatment of cancer. |
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Term
Compazine, Promethazine:
Side Effects |
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Definition
| CNS – Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (life threatening, starts with muscle cramps, fever, variation in BP, changes in LOC, tremors, etc.; progresses rapidly), confusion, disorientation, sedation. |
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Term
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors, Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, Protease inhibitors, Fusion inhibitors:
General info |
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Definition
| Know that these are all Antiretrovirals for the treatment of HIV. Common side effects are n/v, diarrhea, constipation. Know the GI effects. One of the primary reasons patients stop taking these med are the side effects. |
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Term
|
Definition
KNOW THIS DRUG! IT WILL BE ON TEST!
Interferes with viral DNA synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
KNOW THIS DRUG! IT WILL BE ON TEST!
CNS - seizures, dizziness, headache GI - diarrhea, n/v GU - Renal failure. Derm - Steven's-Johnson's syndrome. Hemat - Thrombocytopenia. Local - pain, phlebitis. |
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Term
Lorazepam, Chlordiazepoxide, Oxazepam, Diazepam:
Action |
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Definition
| Benzodiazepine that depresses CNS, resulting in sedation, decreased anxiety, decreased seizures. For substance abuse, it is used in the accute phase of treatment for alcohol withdrawl. |
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Term
Lorazepam, Chlordiazepoxide, Oxazepam, Diazepam:
Side Effects |
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Definition
CNS - dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy.
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Term
|
Definition
KNOW THIS DRUG. IT WILL BE ON EXAM.
Also known at Dilantin. Antiseizure med. Treatment of tonic-clonic seizures. Termination of ventricular arrhythmias. Limits seizure propogation by altering ion transport. May also decrease synaptic transmission. Arntiarrhythmic properties as a result of shrtening the action potential and decreasing automaticity. |
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Term
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Definition
KNOW THIS DRUG. IT WILL BE ON EXAM.
Hepatatoxic, can cause cardiac dysrhythmias, rash, gingival hyperplasia. |
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Term
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Definition
| Also known as Anabuse. For management of chronic alcoholism. If patient drinks alcohol while on Disulfiram, they will become violently ill. |
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Term
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Definition
| Opiod receptor agonist used mainly in the treatment of alcohol and opiod dependence. While on this drug, patients will not experience the effects of alcohol or opiods. |
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Term
Diphenoxylate atropine:
Action |
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Definition
KNOW THIS DRUG. IT WILL BE ON EXAM
Antidiarrheal. Inhibits excess GI motility. Structurally related to opiod analgesics but has no analgesic properties. Atropine is added to discourage abuse. |
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Term
Diphenoxylate atropine:
Side effects |
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Definition
KNOW THIS DRUG. IT WILL BE ON EXAM
CNS - dizziness. GI - constipation |
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Term
D5W:
Type of Fluid Replacement Therapy |
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Definition
| Isotonic solution. Although D5W is isotonic in the bag, D5W acts like a hypotonic solution once it enters the bloodstream because its low concentration of dextrose is quickly metabolized by the cells of lining of the vein and the circulating cells in the bloodstream. |
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Term
NS 0.45%:
Type of fluid replacement therapy |
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Definition
| Hypotonic solution. When hypotonic solutions are administered, more water (relative to solute) is being infused than is already present in the vessel and inside the cells. Therefore, water moves into the cells. |
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Term
NS0.9%:
Type of fluid replacement therapy |
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Definition
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Term
D5NS:
Type of Fluid Replacement Therapy |
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Definition
| Hypertonic, meaning it can help draw fluids out of fluid swollen tissues. |
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Term
D5NS0.45%:
Type of fluid replacement therapy |
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Definition
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Term
Lactated Ringers:
Type of Fluid Replacement Therapy |
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Definition
| Isotonic solution. The liver converts lactate to bicarbonate so don't give Lactated Ringer's if the patient has a diagnosis of severe liver disease as they won't be able to metabolize the lactate and may become acidotic. Also, avoid LR if the patient's blood pH is already above .50. |
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Term
IV potassium:
IMPORTANT Nursing Consideration |
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Definition
Never push IV potassium!!! Needs to be administered very slowly.
Typically, a saline solution is used, with 20-40 mEq KCl per liter over 3–4 hours. Giving IV potassium at faster rates (20-25 mEq/hr) may predispose to ventricular tachycardias and requires intensive monitoring. A generally safe rate is 10 mEq/hr. Even in severe hypokalemia, oral supplementation is preferred given its safety profile. |
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Term
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Definition
| Antiarrhythmias, anticholinergics, antimuscarinics. Given preop to decrease oral and respiratory secretions. Therapeutic effects include increased heart rate, decreased respiratory secretions. |
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Term
Atropine sulfate:
Side Effects |
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Definition
| Worry about tachycardia, arhythmias. |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces bronchodilation. Also has alpha-adrenergic agonist properties, which result in vasoconstriction. Inhibits the release of mediators of hypersensitivity reactions from the mast cells. Used for management of reversible airway disease due to asthma or COPD, management of severe allergic reactions, in shock/trauma for anaphylaxis shock, management of upper airway obstruction and croup. |
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Term
Epinephrine:
Side Effects |
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Definition
| CNS - nervousness, restlessness, tremor. CV - angina, arrhythmias, hypertension, tachycardia. |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA Benadryl. Histamine antagonist. Results in relief of allergic symptoms through decreased symptoms of histamine excess (sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal and ocular pruritus, ocular tearing and reddness). |
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Term
Diphenhydramine:
Side Effects |
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Definition
| CNS - drowsiness. GI - dry mouth, anorexia. In kids we can have paradoxical effect! |
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Term
|
Definition
Increases the force of myocardial contraction, prolongs the refractory period of the AV node, decreases conduction through the SA and AV nodes. Results in increased cardiac output and slowing of the heart rate.
Assess heart rate before and after administering! HAS NARROW THERAPUETIC RANGE! Know what the range is. 0.5-1.2!!! |
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Term
|
Definition
| CNS - Fatigue CV - life threatening arrhythmias, bradycardia (dig toxicity). GI - anorexia, n/v |
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Term
|
Definition
| For the prevention/treament of iron deficiency. |
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Term
Ferrous sulfate:
Side Effects |
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Definition
| CNS - seizures. CV - hypotension GI - nausea, constipation, dark stools, diarrhea, epigastric pain. Take with food! Local - If given IM, skin staining can occur so z-track admin must be followed. If giving orally, must use straw to avoid staining teeth. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Stimulates erythropoiesis (manufactured in the kidneys), resulting in maintenance and elevation of RBC, decreasing the need for transfusions |
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Term
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Definition
CNS - seizures CV - CHF, MI, Stroke, thrombotic events, hypertension
Can cause hypervolemia, hyperviscosity. |
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Term
|
Definition
Binds to and stimulates immature neutrophils to divide and differentiate. Also activates mature neutrophils.
Normal range for Absolute Neutrophil Count is 1.5 to 8.0 (1,500 to 8,000/mm3). |
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Term
|
Definition
Stimulates production of megakaryocytes and platelets, resulting in increased platelet count. For the prevention of severe thrombocytopenia and reduction of the need for platelet transfusions followying myelosupressive chemo in patients with nonmyeloid malignancies at risk for thrombocytopenia.
In an adult, a normal count is 150,000 to 450,000 platelets. If platelet levels fall below 20,000 per microliter, spontaneous bleeding may occur and is considered a life-threatening risk. |
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Term
Hydrochlorothiazide:
Action |
|
Definition
| Increases excretion of sodium and water by inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule. Promotes excretion of potassium. Potassium wasting diuretic. Results in decreased BP in hypertensive patients and diuresis with mobilization of edema. |
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Term
Hydrochlorothiazide:
Side Effects |
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Definition
| F&E - hypokalemia (potassium wasting) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Loop diuretic (most potent of the diuretics). Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride from the loop of Henle. Increases renal excretion of water, sodium, chloride, magnesium, potassium and calcium. Results in diuresis and subsequent mobilization of excess fluid (edema, pleural effusions). Decreases BP. |
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Term
|
Definition
F&E - dehydration, hypocholremia, hypokalemia (potassium wasting), hypomagnesmia, hyponatremia, hypovolemia, metabolic acidosis. Hemat - Aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis.
If someone is in accute Heart Failure, Furosemide is the drug in this class we'll use. Lasix and Dig are often given together and because Lasix can cause hypokalemia, effects of Dig can be potentiated! Must monitor patient carefully when they're on these two drugs together. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Potassium sparing diuretic. Inhibits sodium reabsorption in the kidney while saveing potassium and hydrogen ions. Weak diuretic and antihypertensive response when compared to other diuretics. Used to treat edema or hypertension while sparing potassium. |
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Term
Spironolactone:
Side Effects |
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Definition
|
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Term
Atentolol, Metoprolol (Lopressor), Carvedilol:
Action |
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Definition
| Beta blockers that results in decreased BP and heart rate. Decreases frequency of angina pectoris attacks, prevents MI. |
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Term
Atentolol, Metoprolol (Lopressor), Carvedilol:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
CNS - Fatigue, weakness CV - bradycardia, CHF, pulmonary edema GU - erectile dysfunction.
Lower heart rate, hypotension, dizziness. For atentolol, can cause hyper or hypoglycemia. When patients first start on beta blockers, patients will feel tired. |
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Term
Benazepril, Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril:
Action |
|
Definition
| ACE inhibitor blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. Results in decreased BP in hypertensive patients. Improved symptoms in patients with CHF, decreased development of overt heart failure, improved survival and decreased development of overt CHF after MI. |
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Term
Benazepril, Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
Resp. - Cough CV - hypotension GI - taste disturbances Hemat - agranulocytosis Misc. - angioedema.
Need to monitor for potassium because it can cause hyperkalemia. Can cause heart remodeling (good). |
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Term
Diltiazem (Cardizem), Nifedipine:
Action |
|
Definition
Calcium channel blocker. Results in systemic vasodilation resulting in decreased BP, coronary vasodilation resulting in decreased frequency and severity of attacks of angina. Reduction of ventricular rate in atrial fibrilation or flutter.
Decrease contractility, lower BP. Heart rate may come down. |
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Term
Diltiazem (Cardizem), Nifedipine:
Side Effects |
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Definition
| CV - Arrhythmias, CHF, peripheral edema Misc - Stevens-Johnsons syndrome. |
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Term
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Definition
Antihypertensive. Stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors in the CNS which results in decreased sympathetic outflow inhibiting cardioacceleration and vasoconstriction centers. Prevents pain signal transmission to the CNS by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors in the spinal cord.
Results in decreased blood pressure, decreased pain. |
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Term
|
Definition
CNS - Drowsiness. GI - Dry mouth Misc - Withdrawl phenomenon.
Need to be careful in first dose to monitor for hypotension. |
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Term
Aspirin, Plavix, Trental, Heparin, Lovenox (low molecular weight Heparin), Coumadin:
Action |
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Definition
| All of these drugs have decrease platelet aggregation. In hospital setting, particularly for DVT, patient will be put on both Heparin and Coumadin. Heparin immediatly acts, coumadin takes a few days (about 5) to reach therapeutic levels. Know that we'll monitor PT/INR while patient is on Coumadin. INR value should be between 2-3 on Coumadin to be therapeutic. PTT will be monitored for Heparin. If the range is low or normal, Heparin dosage is not effective. Therapeutic range on Heparin should be 60-100 seconds. |
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Term
Aspirin, Plavix, Trental, Heparin, Lovenox (low molecular weight Heparin), Coumadin:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
Aspirin GI - GI bleeding, dyspepsia, epigastric distress, nausea.
With all the rest (except Trental) we're going to worry about bleeding (and with Heparin, Lovenox and Coumadin, worry about anemia). Lovenox injection is subq, DON'T inject in arm. |
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Term
|
Definition
Increases coronary blood flow by dilating coronary arteries and improving collaterol blood flow to ischemic regions. Produces vasodilation. Decreases (preload). Reduces myocardial oxygen consumption. Results in relief or prevention of anginal attacks, increased cardiac output, reduction of blood pressure.
More than one form. Sublingual: how many times would you take them (3, every five minutes). Rapid acting, assess BP. Can also be given via patch. More venous than arterial effect (relaxes). Nitrosorbate is a preventive medicine. |
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Term
Nitroglycerin:
Side Effects |
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Definition
| CNS - dizziness, headache CV - hypotension, tachycardia |
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Term
|
Definition
| Binds bile acids in the GI tract, forming an insoluble complex. Results in increased clearance of cholesterol, decreased plasma cholesterol and low-density lipproteins. |
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Term
Cholestyramine:
Side Effects/Nursing considerations |
|
Definition
| GI - abdominal discomfort, constipation, nausea. Nursing considerations: Comes in powder form, must be mixed with water or juice before taking. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you can. If it is almost time for your next dose, take only that dose. Do not take double or extra doses. |
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Term
Atorvastatin, Lovastatin:
Action |
|
Definition
KNOW THESE DRUGS! WILL BE ON TEST!
AKA Lipitor. Inhibits enzyme which is responsible for catalyzing an early step in the synthesis of cholesterol. Results in lowered total and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Slightly increases HDL. Slows progression of atherosclerosis with with resultant decrease in CHD-related events. |
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Term
Atorvastatin, Lovastatin:
Side effects |
|
Definition
| GI - Abdominal cramps, constipation, diarrhea, flatus, heartburn Derm - rashes MS - Rhabdomyolysis (rapid breakdown of skeletal muscle which is harmful to the kidney). Any unexplained muscle pain or weakness must be reported to HCP and drug will likely be dc'ed. Also, must monitor liver function while on these drugs! |
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Term
|
Definition
| AKA Benadryl. Antagonizes the effects of histamine at H1-receptor sites. Results in relief of allergic symptoms through decreased symptoms of histamine excess (sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal and ocular pruritus, ocular tearing and reddness). |
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Term
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl):
Side Effects |
|
Definition
| CNS - drowsiness. GI - dry mouth, anorexia. |
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Term
Loratadine (Claratin, Alovert):
Action |
|
Definition
| Blocks peripheral effects of histamine released during allergic reactions, resulting in decreased symptoms of allergic reactions (nasal stuffiness, red, swollen eyes, itching). |
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Term
Loratadine (Claratin, Alovert):
Side Effects |
|
Definition
| Second generation antihistamines. We don't have as much drowsiness. Don't have the anticholinergic. Not as effective as Benadryl but many people prefer to take these due to the lowered side effects. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Stimulates alpha and beta receptors, producing vasoconstriction in the respiratory tract and possibly bronchodilation, resulting in reduction of nasal congestion, hyperemia, swelling of nasal passages. Indicated for symptomatic management of nasal congestion associated with acute viral upper respiraotry tract infections. Used in combo with antihistamines in the management of allergic conditions. |
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Term
Pseudoephedrine:
Side effects |
|
Definition
KNOW THIS DRUG! WILL BE ON TEST!
CNS - Seizures, anxiety, nervousness CV - Cardiovascular collapse, palpitations GI - anorexia.
People with high BP need to be careful. Also, with Sudafed, can only take the nasal spray for three days (or it will have rebound effect). |
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Term
Isoniazid (INH), Rifampin, Streptomycin:
Uses, Side Effects |
|
Definition
| All used to treat tuberculosis. All inhibit growth of M. tuberculosis bacteria. All are associated with Hepatotoxicity, Nephrotoxicity. Rifampin will discolor urine (reddish). Can cause GI upset, neuropathy, neuritis; all of which can decrease compliance with drug therapy. |
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Term
|
Definition
Binds to beta receptors in airway smooth muscle resulting in bronchodilation. Used as bronchodilator to control and prevent reversible airway obstruction caused by asthma or COPD.
Fast acting (rescue inhaler). |
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Term
|
Definition
| CNS - nervousness, restlessness, tremor. CV - chest pain, palpitations Resp - Paradoxical bronchospasms |
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Term
Aminophylline/theophylline:
Action |
|
Definition
| Bronchodilator for long-term control of reversible airway obstruction caused by asthma or COPD. |
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Term
Aminophylline/theophylline:
Side Effects/Nursing Considerations |
|
Definition
CNS - seizures, anxiety. CV - arrhythmias, tachycardia GI - n/v.
Nursing Considerations: Aminophyllin is IV, Theophylline is PO. Narrow therapeutic range. Put aminophyllin patients on Tele. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Corticosteroid. Potent, locally acting anti-inflammatory and immune modifier, results in decreased frequency and severity of asthma attacks. Improves asthma symptoms. Maintenance therapy treatment for asthma as prophylactic therapy. May decrease the need for or eliminate use of systemic corticosteroids in patients with asthma. |
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Term
Beclomethasone:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
| CNS - headache EENT - dysphonia, hoarseness Misc - Churg-Strauss syndrome (medium and small vessel autoimmune vasculitis, leading to necrossis). NOT A RESCUE INHALER. This would be used after the rescue inhaler. |
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Term
|
Definition
Inhibits cholinergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in bronchodilation. Results in bronchodilation without systemic anticholinergic effects. Maintenance therapy of reversible airway obstruction due to COPD, including chronic bronchitis and emphasema.
PREVENTS BRONCHOCONSTRICTION. Is not actually a bronchodilator. |
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Term
Bactrim, Cipro, Levaquin, Gentamicin, Nitrofurantoin, Phenazopyridine, Oxybutynin chloride:
Action/Side Effects |
|
Definition
All of these are used in UTIs. First five inhibit bacterial cell growth. Last two are a urinary tract analgesic and antispasmodic, respectively.
We'll worry about GI side effects (Pseudomembranous colitis, diarrhea, n/v, hepatic necrosis, diarrhea). With Gentamicin, worry about ototoxicity. With Phenazopyridine, dark orange urine will result. |
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Term
Propylthiouracil, Methimazole:
Action |
|
Definition
| Inhibit the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Results in decreased s/s of hyperthyroidism. Used as pallitative treatment in hyperthyroidism, adjunct in preperation for thyroidectomy or radioactive iodine therapy. |
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Term
Desmopressin acetate, Propylthiouracil:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
| GI - Hepatic toxicity, n/v Derm - Rash Hemat - agranulocytosis |
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Term
|
Definition
| Replacement of or supplementation to endogenous thyroid hormones. Prinicipal effect is in creasing metabolic rate of body tissues. Indicated for thyroid supplementation in hypothyroidism. |
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Term
Levothyroxine:
Side Effects |
|
Definition
| CNS - Nervousness. Not for use in patients with cardiac issues. We'll be monitoring T3/T4 lab values. When we reach therapeutic range, drug brand and dosage shouldn't be changed. |
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Term
Insulins:
Onset, Peak, Max duration |
|
Definition
- Rapid acting: Novolog, Humalog. Onset is 5-15 minutes, with peak at 30 mins to 1 hr. Max duration is 3-5 hours.
- Short acting: Humulin (regular, which is the only injectable insulin), Novolin. Onset is about half an hour, peak is at 2-5 hours, duration is 6-8 hours.
- Intermediate acting: NPH. Onset is 1.5 hours, peak is 4-12 hours, duration is 24 hours.
- Long acting: Lantus (glargine), Levemir. Onset is 2-4 hours, no peak, duration is 20-24 hours.
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Term
Insulins:
Side Effects/Nursing considerations |
|
Definition
-
Side Effects: All insulins can produce hypoglycemia.
-
Nursing considerations:
-
Mixing insulin: Roll between hands (don't shake so as not to create bubbles). Inject air into NPH insulin. Needle shouldn't touch insulin. Remove needle. Next instill air into short acting or regular insulin. Withdraw desired amount of insulin. Next insert needle into NPH insulin. Withdraw desired amount of insulin. Never withdraw NPH insulin first.
-
Regular insulin (Humulin) is only insulin that can be given IV.
-
NEVER mix Lantus (Glargine) in same syringe with other insulins.
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Term
|
Definition
| Decreases hepatic glucose production. Decreases intestinal glucose absorption. Increases sensitivity to insulin. Resulting in maintenance of blood glucose. |
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Term
|
Definition
GI - Abdominal bloating, diarrhea, n/v. F&E - Lactic acidosis.
GI side effects will go away after first few weeks. Worry about hepatic and worry about kidneys. Makes contrast dye toxic to kidneys, so they'll get off med for 48 hours before contrast dye. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Blocks dopamine receptors in chemoreceptor trigger zone of the CNS. Results in decreased nausea and vomiting, decreased s/s of gastric stasis, easier passage of nasogastric tube into small bowel. Indicated for prevention of chemotherapy related emesis. |
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Term
Metoclopramide (Reglan):
Side Effects |
|
Definition
KNOW THIS! WILL BE ON TEST!
CNS - drowsiness, extrapyramidal reactions ( akinesia: inability to initiate movement and akathisia: inability to remain motionless, restlessness, neuroleptic malignant syndrome. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Chemical compound derived from cellulose. Used in the treatment of constipation. Like cellulose, it is not digestible, not toxic, not allergenic. |
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Term
Methylcellulose (Metamucil):
Side Effects/How to administer |
|
Definition
GI - Abdominal fullness
Must be given with full glass of water or juice. |
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|
Term
Docusate sodium (Colace), Bisacodyl:
Action |
|
Definition
Stool softeners. Effect on stools is seen one to three days after admin. Indicated for use in treatment of constipation, evacuation of the bowel before radiologic studies or surgery.
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Term
Docusate sodium (Colace), Bisacodyl:
Side Effects/Nursing Considerations |
|
Definition
GI - abdominal cramps, excessive bowel activity, diarrhea, n/v, flatulence.
Nursing Consideration: Monitor for bowel movement (make sure that stools aren't too loose). |
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Term
|
Definition
| Increases water content and softens the stool. Lowers the pH of the colon which inhibits the diffusion of ammonia from the colon into the blood, thereby reducing blood amonia levels. Results in relief of constipation, decreased blood ammonia levels with improved metal staus in PSE. For treatment of chronic constipation. |
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Term
Lactulose:
Side Effects/Lab Values |
|
Definition
GI - Belching, cramps, distention, flatulence.
Labs: Monitor amonia levels (for decrease) to monitor for effectiveness. |
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Term
|
Definition
KNOW THIS! WILL BE ON EXAM!
In pharmacologic doses, supress inflammation and the normal immune response. Has minimal mineralcorticoid activity. Indicated for management of a wide variety of chronic diseases including inflammatory, allergic, hematologic, neoplastic, autoimmune disorders. Used with other immunosuppressants in the prevention of organ rejection in trasnplantation surgery. |
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Term
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Definition
| CNS - Depression, euphoria CV - hypertension GI - Peptic ulceration, anorexia, nausea Derm - acne, decreased wound healing, ecchymoses, fragility, hirsutism, petechiae Endo - Adrenal suppression Hemat - Thromboembolism MS - Muscle wasting, osteoporosis Misc. - Cushingoid appearance |
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Term
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Definition
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Inhibits resorption of bone by inhibiting ostoclast activity. Results in reversal/prevention of progression of osteoporosis with decreased fractures. Indicated for treatment/prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. |
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Term
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Definition
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GI - Diarrhea, dyspepsia MS - Musculoskeletal pain, pain in arms/legs |
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Term
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Definition
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Osmotic diuretic. Results in mobilization of excess fluid in oliguric renal failure or edema. Reduction of intraocular or of toxic materials. Decreased hemolysis when used as an irrigant after transurehral prostatic resection. Indicated in treatment of acute renal failure, edema, increased intracranial or intraoccular pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
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CV - Transient volume expansion. |
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Definition
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Long acting corticosteroid. Suppress inflamation and normal immune response. Has negligable mineralocorticoid activity. Can be used to decrease intracranial pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Anti-spasmotic. Inhibits reflexes at the spinal level. Results in decreased muscle spasticity; bowel and bladder function may be improved. Used for head and spinal cord injuries. |
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Term
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Definition
| CNS - seizures, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue GI - nausea |
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Definition
| Causes vasoconstriction in large intracranial arteries. Results in relief of acute attacks of migraine. |
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Term
Sumatriptan:
Side Effects |
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Definition
| CNS - dizziness, vertigo. Derm - tingling, warm sensation Local - injection site reaction. |
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Term
Sinemet (levadopa/carbadopa):
Action |
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Definition
| Levadopa-carbadopa. Levodopa is converted to dopamine in the CNS, where it serves as a neurotransmitter. Carbidopa prevents peripheral destruction of levodopa. Results in relief of tremor and rigidity in Parkinson's syndrome. |
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Term
Sinemet (Levadopa-carbadopa):
Side Effects |
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Definition
| CNS - Involuntary movements. GI - n/v |
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Term
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Definition
| Blocks cholinergic activity in the CNS which is partially responsible for the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Restores the natural balance of neurotransmitters in the CNS. Results in a reduction of tremors and rigidity. |
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Term
Benztropine:
Side Effects |
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Definition
| EENT - Blurred vision, dry eyes. GI - Constipation, dry mouth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Antiviral and immunoregulatory properties produced by interacting with specific receptor sites on cell surfaces may explain beneficial effects. Results in reduction of relaps (neurologic dysfunction) and slow physical disability. |
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Term
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Definition
| CNS - Seizures, depression, dizziness, fatigue, headache, insomnia EENT - sinusitis GI - constipation, n/v, abdominal pain GU - cystitis Endo - Menstrual disorders Hemat - neutropenia Local - injection reactions MS - myalgia Misc. - anaphylaxis, chills, fever, flu-like symptoms, pain. |
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