Term
STREPTOKINASE
(STREPTASE)
T:Thrombolytic P:Plasminogen activators
*Lysis of pulmonary emboli or DVT, lysis of thrombi causing ischemic stroke. |
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Definition
S/E: Intracranial hemorrhage, bronchospasims, GI bleed, retroperitoneal bleeding, bleeding, anaphylaxis.
*Assess pt carefully Q15 min during first hour of therapy then Q4hrs for duration of therapy.
*Inquire about previous reactions to streptokinase therapy.
* Asses neurologic changes that may be indicative of intracranial therapy.
*LAB TEST: HCT,HGB,PLT,PT,PTT may be elevated before and frequently during therapy. |
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Term
ENOXAPARIN
(LOVENOX)
T:Anticoagulant P:Antithrombotics
* Prevention of thrombus formation |
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Definition
S/E: Bleeding, dizziness, insomnia,edema,constipation,nausea, thrombocytopenia
*Assess for signs of bleeding.
*Assess for evidence of additional or increased thrombosis
*Monitor patients with epidural cath. for signs of nuerologic impairment. |
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Term
HEPARIN
T:Anticoagulant P:Antithrombotics
*Prevention of thrombus formation. Prevention of extension of existing thrombi(full dose) |
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Definition
S/E: Drug-induced hepatitis,bleeding, anemia, thrombocytopenia can occur up to several weeks post therapy.
*Assess for signs of bleeding.
*Assess patient for evidence of additional or increased thrombosis.
*Monitor PTT and HCT prior to and periodically during therapy.
*Monitor platelet count every 2-3 dys. |
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Term
WARFARIN
(COUMADIN)
T:Anticoagulant P: coumarins
*Prevention of thromboembolic events. |
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Definition
S/E: Cramps, nausea, bleeding, dermalnecrosis.
*Assess for signs of bleeding and hemorrhage.
*Monitor PT levels.
*Monitor hepatic function and CBC prior to and during therapy.
*Instruct the patient to avoid alcoholic beverages.
~ Vitamin K is the antidote to coumadin toxicity~ |
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Term
LIOTHYRONINE
(CYTOMEL)
T:Hormones P: Thyroid prep.
*Replacement in hypothyroidism to restore hormonal balance. Suppression of thyroid cancers. |
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Definition
S/E: Nervousness, headache, insomnia, irritability, angina pectoris, arrhythmias (usually only seen when excessive dose cause iatrogenic hypothyroidism)
*Assess apical pulse and bloodpressure prior to and periodically during therapy.
*Assess for tachyarrhythmias & chest pain.
*Monitor thyroid function studies prior to and during therapy. |
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Term
LEVOTHYROXINE
(SYNTHROID)
T: Hormones P: Thyroid prep
* Replacement in hypothyroidism to restore normal hormonal balance. Supression of thyroid cancers. |
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Definition
S/E: Nervousness, headache, insomnia, angina pectoris, diarrhea,vomiting
*Assess apical pulse and blood pressure prior to and periodically during therapy.
*Monitor thyroid function studies prior to and during therapy.
*Monitor blood and urine glucose in diabetic patients.
*Assess for tachyarrhythmias and chest pain. |
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Term
REGULAR HUMALOG
(RAPID ACTING)
T:Antidiabetic, hormones P:Pancreatitis
*Control of hyperglycemia in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. |
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Definition
S/E:Hypoglycemia,anaphylaxis, erythemia, pruritis, swelling.
*Assess for hypoglycemia.
*Monitor blood glucose Q6hrs A1c may also be monitored every 3-6 mths.
*Monitor body weight. Changes in weight may necessitate changes in insulin dose. |
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Term
STRONG IODINE SOLUTION
(LUGOL'S SOLUTION)
T:Antithyroid agent P:Iodine containing agents
*Control of hyperthyroidism; decreased bleeding during thyroid surgery; decreases incidence of thyroid cancer following radiation emergencies. |
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Definition
S/E:GI bleeding, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, hypothyroidism, hyperkalemia
*monitor serum potassium levels periodically during therapy.
*Monitor TSH and T4 in neonates.
*DONOT CONFUSE IODINE WITH LODINE* |
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Term
PROPYLTHIOURACIL
(PTU)
T: Anti-thyroid agent
*Inhibits synthesis of thyroid hormones. Decreases signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism. |
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Definition
S/E:Hepatotoxicity, agranulocytes, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash
*WBC with Diff counts should be monitored.
*May cause increased AST, ALT, LDH,alkaline phosphate, serum bilirubin, and PT
*Assess patient for skin rash or swelling of cervical lymph nodes. |
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Term
METHIMAZOLE
(TAPAZOLE)
T: Antithyroid agents
* Decreases signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism. |
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Definition
S/E:Agranulocytes, hepatotoxicity, drowsiness, headache, vertigo
*Monitor WBC with DIFF. Agranulocytes may develop rapidly.
*Monitor response for symptoms of hyperthyroidism.
*Assess patient for skin rash or swelling of cervical lymph nodes.
*Monitor thyroid function studies. |
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Term
CLOPIDOGREL
(PLAVIX)
T:Antiplatelet P: Platelet aggression inhibitors
*Decreased occurance of antherosclerotic events in patients at risk. |
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Definition
S/E: GI bleed, bleeding, netropenia, thrombotic, thrombocytopenic purpura
*Monitor CBCwithDIFF and platelet count.
*Monitor bleeding time.
*Advise patient to notify healthcare professional promptly if fever; chills;sore throat, or unusual bleeding or bruising occurs. |
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Term
SALICYLATES
(ASPRIN)
T: Antipyretics, non-opioid analgesics P: salicylates
*Reduction of inflammation, analgesia, decreased incidence of transiet ischemic attacks, and MI. |
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Definition
S/E: GI bleeding, Steven-Johnson syndrome ( cell death causes the epidermis to seperate from the dermis),epigastric distress
*Patients who have allergies, asthma, and nasal polyps inrease risk for developing hypersensitivity reaction.
* Monitor hepatic function before antiarhematic therapy. |
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Term
LANOXIN
(DIGOXIN)
T: Antiarrhythmics, inotropics
P: Digitalis glycoside
* Increased cardiac output and slowing of the heart rate. |
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Definition
S/E: Arrhythmias, fatigue, bradycardia, anorexia, nausea, vomiting.
*Monitor apical pulse for ONE full minuete withold and notify Primary heathcare professonal if pulse is < 60;
*Monitor ECG throuhout IV administration and Q6 after each dose. Notify M.D. if bradycardia or new arrhythmias occur.
Hypoglycemia may occur. |
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Term
PARICALCITROL
(ZEMPLAR)
T: Vitamins P: Fat soluble vitamins
* Treatment and prevention of deficiency states, particullary bone manifestations, Improved Ca and PH homeostasis in patients with chronic kidney disease. |
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Definition
S/E: Dizziness, malaise, pancreatitis, dyspnea, bradycardia.
*Assess pt. for bone pain and weakness prior to and during therapy.
* Observe patient carefully for evidence of hypocalcemia ( parathysia, muscle twitching, trousseau's sign)
* Serum Ca x Phosphate should NOT exceed 70 mg/dl. |
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Term
CACITROL
(ROCALTROL)
T: Vitamins P: Fat-soluble vitamins
* Treatment and prevention of deficiency states, particulary bone manifestations. Improved calcium and phosphorous homeostasis in patients with chronic kidney disease. |
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Definition
S/E: Dizziness, malaise, dyspnea, pancreatitis
*During therapy serum calcium and phosphate concentrations should be drawn twice weekly initally.
* Serum calcium, magnesium, alkaine phosphate and intact PTH should be monitored monthly.
*Assess for symptoms of vitamin deficiency prior to and periodically during therapy. |
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Term
FLUDROCORTISONE
(FLORINEF)
T: Hormones P: Corticosteroids
* Maintenence of sodium balance and blood pressure in patients with adrenocortical insufficency |
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Definition
S/E: CHF, arrhythmias, edema, hypertension, hypokalemia
*Monitor blood pressure during and periodically during therapy.
*Monitor for fluid retention
* Monitor serum electrolytes periodically during therapy. |
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Term
NITROGLYCERIN
T: Antianginals P: Nitrates
*Managment of angina pectoris |
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Definition
S/E: Dizziness, headache, hypotension, tachycardia
*Assess location, duration, intensity and precipitating factors of patients anginal pain.
*Administer first dose if after 5 min pain still present apply second dose repeat cycle up to 3 doses. If pain is not relieved patient needs to be sent to the emergency care unit. |
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Term
METOPROLOL
(LOPRESSOR)
T: Antihypertensives (beta blocker)
* Blocks stimulation of beta cella, adrenergic receptors decrease blood pressure and heart rate. |
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Definition
S/E: Bradycardia, CHF, pulmonary edema, hypotension, fatigue, weakness
*Monitor vital signs 5-15 min initally and for several hours after parenteral administration
*Monitor I&O and daily weight
*Take apical pulse prior to administration <50 bpm or if arrhythmia occurs, withold medication and notify health care professional. |
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Term
ALENDRONATE
(FOSAMAX)
T: Bone reabsorption inhibitor
*Reversal of the progression of osteoporosis with decreased fractors |
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Definition
S/E: Headache, blurred vision, atrial fibrillation, abdominal distention.
*Monitor alkaline phosphtase. |
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Term
DESMOPRESSIN
(DDAVP)
T: Hormones P: Anti-diureticc hormone
* Enhanced reabsorption of water in the kidneys. |
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Definition
S/E: seizures, drowsiness, headache, dyspnea, hypertension, tachycardia, mild abdominal cramps.
*Monitor I&O
*Monitor blood pressure and pulse during IV infusion
*Treatment of overdose includes decreasing dose and if symptos are severe, administration of furosemide |
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Term
CAPTOPRIL
(CAPOTEN)
T: Antihypertensives (Ace inhibitor)
*Ace inhibitors block conversion of angiotensin II ~Decreases progression of diabetic nephropathy |
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Definition
S/E: Agranulocytes, angioedema, cough, dyspnea, hypotension
*Monitor CBC with DIFF Q2wks X 3 mths
*Monitor BP and pulse frequently
*Assess patients for signs of angioedema |
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Term
CINACALCET
(SENSIPAR)
T: Hypocalcemics P:Calcimmetic agents
* Decrease in serum calcium |
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Definition
S/E: Nausea, vomiting, hypocalcemia
*Monitor for signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia.
*Monitor serum calcium and phosphate levels within 1 week after initiation of therapy.
*Monitor iPTH levels 1-4 weeks after initiation of therapy. |
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Term
NIFEDIPINE
(PROCARDIA)
T: Antianginals, antihypertensive. P: Calcium channel blocker.
*Systemic vasodilation, resulting in decreased blood pressure. Coronary vasodilation, resulting in decreased frequency and severity of attacks of angina. |
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Definition
S/E: Arrhythmias, CHF, peripheral edema, flushing, Steven-Johnson syndrome.
*Monitor blood pressure and pulse before therapy.
*Monitor intake and output daily weight.
*Monitor serum potassium periodically.
*Monitor renal and hepatic functions periodically during long term therapy.
*Do not break, crush or chew extended release tablets. |
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Term
LIOTHYRONINE
(CYTOMEL)
T: Hormones P: Thyroid prep
*Replacement in hypothyroidism to restore hormonal balance. Suppression of thyroid cancers. |
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Definition
S/E: Nervousness; headache; insomnia; irritability; angina pectoris, arrhythmias (usually only seen when excessive dose cause iatrogenic hyperthyroidism.
*Assess apical pulse and blood pressure prior to and periodically during therapy) |
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Term
AMIODARONEL
(CORDARONE)
T: Class III antiarrhythmics
*Suppression of arrhythmias |
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Definition
S/E: Adult respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary toxicity, CHF, worsening of arrhythmias, brady cardia
*Monitor liver and thyroid functions prior to then Q6mths during therapy.
*Monitor AST, ALT, and alkaline phosphate.
*Assess for signs of pulmonary toxicity (rales/crackles, decreased breath sounds, plueritic friction rub, fatigue, dyspnea, tachypnea)
*Assess for signs and symptoms of ARDS, report dyspnea, tachypnea, or crackles/rales promptly! |
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Term
GUAIFENESIN WITH CODIENE
(ROBUTUSSIN WITH CODIENE)
T:(guaifenesin) Allergy, cough remedies, expectorant. (codiene): shedule II,III,IV,V opiod agonist.
* Guaifenesin: May enhance output of respiratory tract fluid, enhancing removal of viscous mucus making non-productive coughs more productive.
Codiene: Stimulates opiate receptors in CNS; also causes supression. |
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Definition
S/E: dizziness, headache, nausea, diarrhea, stomach pain, vomiting, rash, urticaria
*Assess lung sounds; frequency; type of cough, and character of bronchial secretions periodically during therapy
* DONOT use in patients with heart disease, high blood pressure, thyroid disease, and diabetes.
*caution patients to avoid OTC cough and cold products during therapy. |
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Term
TACRINE
(COGNEX)
T: anti-alzheimer's agent P:cholinergics
*Improved cognitive function in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. DOES NOT CURE THE DISEASE |
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Definition
S/E:GI bleeding, dizziness, headache, bradycardia, anorexia
* Assess cognitive function ( memory, attention, reasoning, language; ability to perform simple tasks)
*Monitoe heart rate periodically during therapy, may cause bradycardia.
*Tacrine should be permanently d/c and a new trial should NOT be attempted in patients with jaundice and a total bilirubin >3mg/dl. |
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Term
| ATROPINE (ATRO-PEN) T: Anti-arrhythmics P: Anti-cholinergics, anti-muscarinics *Increased heart rate. Decrease GI and respiratory secretions. Reversal of muscarinic effects. |
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Definition
| S/E:tachycardia, tachypnea, urinary retention, blurred vision, edema, dry mouth *Assess vital signs & ECG tracings frequently *Because atropine may cause uriary retention, monitor I&O ratios in elderly and surgical patients. *Asess patients routinely for abdominal distention and auscultate for bowel sounds. *If overdose occurs, PHYSOSTIGMINE is the antidote. |
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Term
FLUMAZENIL
(ROMAZICON)
T: antidutes P: Benzodiazepines
*Reversal of benzodiazepine effects |
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Definition
S/E: Seizures, confusion, emotional lability, agitation, dizziness, nausea, vomiting
*Assess LOC and respiratory status before and during therapy. Observe patient for at least 2 hours after administration for the apperance of resedation. Hypo ventilation may occur.
OVERDOSE: Attempt to determine time of ingestion and amount and type of benzodiazepine taken
**Institute seizure precautions** |
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Term
ERYTHROPOIETIN
(PROCRIT)
T: Anti-anemics P: Hormones
*Maintains and may elevate RBC's, decreasing the need for transfusions. |
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Definition
Seizures, CHF, MI, stroke, thrombotic events, hypertension. Increase mortality and increase tumor growth (with HBG >12g/dl
*Monitor BP prior to and during therapy. Inform MD if severe hypertension is present or if BP starts to increase.
*Monitor for symptoms of anemia(fatigue, dyspnea, pallor)
*May cause increase in WBC's and platelets. May decrease bleeding times. |
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Term
DEXAMETHASONE
(DECADRON)
LONG-ACTING CORTICOSTEROIDS
T: antiasthmatics P: Corticosteroids
*Supression of inflammation and modification of the normal immune response. Replacement therapy in adrenal sufficency. |
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Definition
S/E: Thromboembolism, peptic ulceration, anorexia, nausea, vomiting.
*Monitor serum electrolyte and glucose. May cause hyperglycemia
*Assess for signs of adrenal insufficency.
*Monitor intake and output. |
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Term
PREDNISONE
(STERAPRED)
T: anti-asthmatics, corticosteroids P:Corticosteroids (systemic)
*Suppression of inflammation and modification of the normal immune response. Replacement therapy in adrenal insufficency. |
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Definition
S/E: Thromboembolism, peptic ulceration, hyperglycemia, depression, euphoria.
*May cause hyperglycemia, especially in persons with diabetes; monitor serum electrolytes and glucose.
*Assess for changes in LOC and headache during therapy.
*Assess for signs of adrenal sufficiency (hypotension, weight loss, weakness, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, lethargy, confusion, restlessness) |
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Term
CINOXACIN
(CINOBAC)
T: Anti-infective agent P:Cinnolines, benzodioxoles
*For treatment of inital and reccurent tract infections in adults |
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Definition
S/E: diarrhea, headache, rash, upset stomach, loss of appetite
*Advise patient to complete the full course of drug therapy.
* Advise patient to take the drug with food or milk. This helps decrease stomach irritation. |
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Term
CHLORPROPAMIDE
(DIABINESE)
T: Antidiabetic P: Sulfonylurea
*Indicated as an adjunct to diet and exersice to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. |
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Definition
S/E:cholestatic jaundice and hepatitis, pruritus, uticaria, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting
*Blood glucose should be monitored periodically
*All sulfonylurea drugs including chlorpropamide are capable of producing severe hypoglycemia which may result in coma.
*Renal or hepatic insufficency may affect the disposition of diabenese and may also diminish glucogenic capacity. |
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Term
GLIPIZIDE
(GLUCOTROL)
T: Antidiabetic P: Sulfonylureas
*Lowers blood glucose by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas and increasing the sensitivity to insulin at receptor sites. |
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Definition
S/E:Agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, hypoglycemia, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, weakness
*Monitor CBC periodically during therapy.
*Observe for signs and symptoms of hypoglycemic reactions(sweating, hungar, weakness, dizziness, tremors, tachycardia, anxiety)
*Assess patients for allergies to sulfonamides.
*Monitor serum glucose and glycosylated hemaglobin periodically during therapy to evaluate effectivness of treatment. |
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Term
METHENAMINE
(MANDELAMINE)
T: anti-infective
*Eliminates bacteria that causes urinary tract infections. Usually used on a long term basis to treat chronic infections and to prevent reccurance of infections. |
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Definition
S/E: Upset stomach, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach cramps, loss of appetite
*Advise patient to complete full course of therapy
*Avoid giving the patient citrus fruits and juices. |
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Term
METHENAMINE
(MANDELAMINE)
T: anti-infective
*Eliminates bacteria that causes urinary tract infections. Usually used on a long term basis to treat chronic infections and to prevent reccurance of infections. |
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Definition
S/E: Upset stomach, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach cramps, loss of appetite
*Advise patient to complete full course of therapy
*Avoid giving the patient citrus fruits and juices, milk and dairy products, and antacids. These products may decrease effectivness of drug.
*Encourage fluid intake and increase protien in diet to ensure adequate hydration and acidity of urine. |
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Term
FLUDROCORTISONE
(FORINEF)
T: Hormones P: Corticosteroids
*Maintenence of sodium balance and blood pressure in patients with adrenocortical insufficency. |
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Definition
S/E: CHF, arrhythmias, edema, hypertension, hypokalemia
*Monitor blood pressure periodically during therapy.
*Monitor for fluid retention.
*Monitor serum electrolytes periodically during therapy. |
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Term
VANCOMYCIN
(VANCOCIN)
T: anti-infectives
*Bactericidal against susceptible organisms. |
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Definition
S/E: Anaphylaxis, nephrotoxicity, phlebitis, hypotension, nausea, vomiting
*Observe patient for signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis (rash, pruritus, laryngeal edema, wheezing) Keep epinephrine, an antihistamine, and resuscitation equiptment close by in case of anaphylactic reaction.
*Monitor for casts,albumin, or cells in urine or decreased specific gravity, CBC, and renal function during therapy.
*may increase BUN levels
*Obtain culture and sensitivity prior to initiating therapy.
*Assess patient for infection and the beginning and throughout therapy. |
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Term
VERAPAMIL
(CALAN)
T: antianginals, antiarrhythmics, antihypertensives P: calcium channel blockers
*Systemic vasodilation resulting in decreased blood pressure. Coronary vasodilation resulting in decreased frequency and severity of attacks of angina reduction of ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation or flutter. |
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Definition
S/E: Arrhythmias, CHF, tachycardia, peripheral edema, syncope, palpitations, chest pain, bradycardia, dyspnea, SOB, disturbed equilibrium, Steven-Johnson syndrome.
*Monitor BP and pulse before therapy.
*Monitor ECG periodically during prolonged therapy.
*Monitor intake and output
*Assess for signs of CHF
*Notify health care professional promptly. |
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Term
PITOCEN
(OXYTOCIN)
T: Hormone P: Oxytocics
*Induction of labor
*Control of postpartum bleeding. |
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Definition
S/E: Coma, Seizures; fetal, intracranial hemmorahage, fetal-aphyxia
*Assess character, frequency, and duration of uterine contractions; resting uterine tone and fetal heart rate.
*Monitor maternial blood pressure and pulse frequently and fetal heart rate continously throughout administration. |
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