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| The branch of medicine that is devoted to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of eye diseases. |
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| A roughly spherical structure protected on all sides except the front by bones and soft tissues of the orbit. |
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| Three layered globe or bulb |
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| One layer of the eyeball; a tough coat of connective tissue. |
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| The pigment layer of the eyeball; a delicate, spongy, vascular membrane of pigmented cells. |
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| The innermost layer of the eyeball; it's light sensitive. |
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| The anterior portion of the sclera where light rays enter the eye. |
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| Regulates the amount of light that enters the eye. |
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| Adjusts the focus of the eye. |
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| The nerve that is formed when nerve fibers of the retina unite. |
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| The rear wall of the eye as viewed through the pupil with an ophthalmoscope. |
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| Optic nerve head (in the fundus). Appears as a round, ivory-colored plaque raised somewhat from the surrounding retina. |
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| The shallow central depression in the disk. |
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| The central portion of the retina, concerned with central vision. Appears as a faint yellow spot. |
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| The watery fluid produced by the ciliary body. |
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| The area between the cornea and the iris. |
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| The area between the iris and the lens. |
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| The denser fluid that fills the cavity of the eye behind the lens. |
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| Folds of skin, supplied with oil and sebaceous glands and lash follicles, that shut out light and provide a watertight seal over the eyes. |
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| The medial or nasal junction or angle between the upper and lower lids. |
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| The lateral or temporal angle. |
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| The delicate vascluar membrane covering the visible part of the sclera. |
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| The lining of the inner surface of the eyelids. |
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| Gland situated at the front of each orbit, above and lateral to the eyeball. It produces tears. |
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| Fluid produced by the lacrimal gland that moistens, lubricates, and cleanses the eyeball. |
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| Minute openings at the inner canthus that allow tears to flow downward and medially drain. |
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| Six muscles in each eye which produce movement and control the direction of the gaze. |
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| Three nerves that supply the six muscles with impulses. |
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| A pupil that constricts when the subject focuses on a near object, but not when the eye is stimulated with light; due to central nervous system disease, most often syphilis. |
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| AV (ARTERIOVENOUS) NICKING |
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| Tapering of a venule where an arteriole crosses it. |
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| Spasm of the eyelids, usually due to local irritation, photophobia, or both. |
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| Marked watery edema and bulging of the conjunctiva. |
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| A congenital defect in the iris, in which a wedge-shaped segment is absent, giving a keyhole appearance to the pupil; similar defects are created by certain types of ocular surgery. |
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| The normal optic nerve head has a slight central depression (physiologic cupping). Increase in the depth of the cup occurs with increased intraocular pressure (glaucoma) or atrophy of the optic nerve. |
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| Double vision; seeing two overlapping two-dimensional images instead of one three-dimensional image; may result from injury or disease of one or both eyes or from failure of fusion of images in the cerebral cortex, due to alcohol, drugs, fever, infection, neoplasm, or trauma. |
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| Eversion (turning outward) and drooping of the lower eyelid, exposing the conjunctival surface and allowing overflow of tears. |
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| Inward turning of the margin of the lower eyelid, often so that the lower lashes touch the eyeball. |
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| Chronic overflow of tears from the lower eyelid onto the cheek; may be due to blockage of the nasolacrimal duct or to deformity of the lower lid (ectropion). |
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| Abnormal bulging of the eye between the lids; may be due to local disease (orbital cellulitis or neoplasm) or (when bilateral) to systemic disease (Graves disease). |
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| The rear of the interior of the eye, consisting of the retina, its blood vessels, and the optic nerve head (disk). |
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| Any of several related disorders in which sustained elevation of increased intraocular pressure can lead to irreversible impairment of vision. |
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| Presence of blood in the anterior chamber. |
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| Presence of pus un the anterior chamber. |
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| Sustained constriction of the pupil, which may be due to ocular or nervous system disease or to the effect of drugs (pilocarpine, morphine). |
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| Sustained dilation of the pupil, which may be due to ocular or nervous system disease or to the effect of drugs (atropine, cyclopentolate). |
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| Marked reduction of visual acuity at night (that is, under conditions of near-darkness). AKA night blindness. |
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| A rhythmic back-and-forth movement of the eyes usually due to congenital abnormality or central nervous system disease. |
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| A serous, mucous, or purulent material formed on conjunctival surfaces, often gluing the eyelids together and producing crusting of the eyelashes; usually due to infection or allergy. |
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| May be a superficial irritation or scratchy feeling on the cornea or sclera (as from an abrasion or ulcer) or a deep, throbbing pain within the eyeball (as in acute glaucoma). |
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| Swelling of the optic disk, as observed with an ophthalmoscope; usually due to increased intracranial pressure ("choked disk") (caused by intracranial hemorrhage, neoplasm, or disturbance of cerebrospinal fluid circulation) or intrinsic eye disease (optic neuritis). The disk appears edematous and perhaps injected, and the retinal vessels as they emerge from the swollen disk appear to be kinked ("stepping" of vessels). |
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| Aversion to bright light, which causes a sense of pain in the eye, usually because of irritability or spasm of the iris. |
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| The slight central depression normally seen in the optic nerve head (disk). |
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| Drooping of an upper eyelid that cannot be fully corrected by voluntary effort. |
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| Due to either local inflammation and hyperemia of the conjunctiva or to hemorrhage in the sclera. |
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| Inflammation of the retina. |
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| A blind spot; a gap in the visual field of one or both eyes in which objects cannot be seen. A scotoma that appears identical in each eye is always due to a disease or condition in the central nervous system (for example, migraine headache). A scotoma may appear as a black hole or may show flashes or swirls of white or colored light. |
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| A general term for any condition in which the direction of gaze is different in the two eyes, as noted by an observer. |
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| A growing inward of some eyelash hairs, with resultant irritation of the eye. |
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| Abnormal dryness of the eye, usually due to decreased flow of tears. |
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