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medical terms chapter 1-4
medical terms - definitions chapter 1-4
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03/21/2011

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Term
abdominocentesis (paracenetsis)
Definition
surgical procedure that is performed to remove fluids from the abdominal cavity or to inject therapeutic agents
Term
peritonitis
Definition
infectious microorganisms gain access by way of surgical incisions or by the rupture or perforation of viscern or association structure (rupture appendix)
Term
hernia
Definition
protrusion of an organ thru an abdominal opening - the wall of the cavity that surrounds it. Umbilical, femoral, and incisional.
Term
hyperplasia
Definition
abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in tissues
Term
hypoplasia
Definition
below normal - less severe than aplasia
Term
aplasia
Definition
lack of development of an organ or tissue
Term
dysplasia
Definition
any abnormal development of tissue - it is recognized by cells that differ in size, shape and appearance
Term
neoplasm
Definition
new growth tissue ( a tumor) that is either benign or malignant. Malignant tumors are called carinomas
Term
radiotherapy
Definition
the treatment of tumors using radiation to destroy cancer cells
Term
fluoroscopy
Definition
visual exam of internal organ - using fluoroscope
Term
ausculation
Definition
examiner listens for sounds w/i the body to elevate the heart, blood vessels, lungs, intestines or other organs and to detect fetal heart sound. Performed w sthetoscope
Term
percussion
Definition
examiner taps the body w fist or fingertips to evaluate the size, and consistency of internal organs and to determine the amount of fluid in a body cavity
Term
palpation
Definition
examiner feels the texture, size, consitency and location of certain body parts w hands
Term
inspection
Definition
examiner uses the eyes and ears to observe and listen to patient
Term
blood pressure
Definition
pressure exerted by the circulating volume of blood on the wall of the arteries and veins on the chamber of the heart - the higher the pressure syostolic pressure - the lower reading is diastolic reading
Term
calculus
Definition
abnormal concretion that forms w/i the body such as kidney stone
Term
necrosis
Definition
is death of areas of tissue or bone surrounded by healthy tissue
Term
epilepsy
Definition
a brain disorder , by sudden brief attacks of altered consciousness, motor activity or sensory - convulsive seizures very common
Term
orthopnea
Definition
ia a condition in which breathing is possible only when sitting upright
Term
cryptorchidism
Definition
a developmental defect in which the testicles remain in the abdominal cavity
Term
prognosis
Definition
predicted outcome of a disease
Term
acute disease
Definition
having short and relatively severe course
Term
chronic disease
Definition
disease exists over a long time
Term
diagnosis
Definition
identification of a disease or condition by a scientific evaluation of physical signs, history test procedures
Term
signs
Definition
are objective or definitive, evidence of an illness or disordered function that are preceived by examining
Term
pulse
Definition
is the periodic thrust felt over the arteries : it is consistent w the heart beat. rhythmic expansion of an artery that occurs as the heart beats may be felt in finger
Term
respiration (respiratory)
Definition
rate is the number of breaths per minute
Term
albino
Definition
with congenital absence of pigment in skin, hair and eyes
Term
calcipenia
Definition
deficiency of calcium in body tissues and fluids
Term
anesthesiologist
Definition
person who - medicine administration of anesthetics and their effect- the study of no feeling - no consciousness - local affect a local area
Term
clinical pathology
Definition
study disease by the use of lab test and methods
Term
cellular pathology
Definition
study of cellular changes in disease
Term
colostomy
Definition
opening of some portion of large intestine onto the ab surface. Surgery when solid waste feces cannot be eliminated thru normal state
Term
biopsy
Definition
excision of a small lump for microscopic examination usually performed to establish a diagnosis
Term
eponyms
Definition
names of people for diseases, organs, procedures or body functions
Term
endrocrinologist
Definition
endocrine-endo means inside-crine means to secrete-
glands that secrete hormones into the blood stream are endocrine glands
Term
gastroenterology
Definition
study of diseases affect gastrointestinal tract, including the stomach and intestines
Term
lymph nodes
Definition
are frequently biopsied to determine if cancer has spread from an internal organ-cancer cells a lymphatic vessel, the cells may be trapped by the lymph nodes and begin growing there, or cells may be carried to sites far from their origin.
Term
lymphatic carinoma
Definition
cancer that has spread to the lymphatics from another site.
Term
lymphoma
Definition
is a general term for cancer that originates in the lymphatic system.
Term
lymphatic system
Definition
is to collect fluid that escapes from the blood capillaries and return it to the circulation. lymph vessels, lymph nodes, lymph, tonsils thymus, and spleen compose the lymphatic system
Term
tonsils
Definition
are masses of lymphatic tissue located in depressions of the mucous membranes of the pharynx. palatine tonsils, pharyngeal tonsils are commonly called adenoids.
Term
pharyngeal tonsils
Definition
called adenoids-resembling a gland - masses of tissues.
Term
balloon angioplasty
Definition
uses a balloon catherer that is inflated inside an artery to flatten the plaque against the arterial wall, a stent is sometimes inserted. This procedure may be necessary in coronary artery disease.
Term
cardipulmonary resuscitation
Definition
recommended as a n emergency first aid procedure to reestablish heart and lung action if breathing or heart action has stopped.
Term
open heart surgery
Definition
refers to operative procedures on the heart after it has been exposed thru incision of the chest wall
Term
Cardiopulmonary bypass
Definition
is the method used to divert blood away from the hear and lungs temporarily when surgery of the heart and major vessel is performed.
Term
cerebral aneurysm
Definition
is a ballooning out of a blood vessel in the brain. Poses a danger of rupture and hemorrhage within the skull.
Term
cerebrovascular
Definition
accident(CVA, stroke, or stroke syndrome) blood vessels in the brain have become diseased or damaged. Also may be caused by blockage of a cerebral artery by either a thrombus or an embolus
Term
thrombus
Definition
is an internal blood clot
Term
embolism
Definition
sudden blocking of an artery or lymph vessel by foreign material that has been brought to the site of blockage by the circulating blood. Can be bits of tissue, tumor cells, globules of fat, air bubbles, clumps of bacteria, blood clots or other material.
Term
aneurysm
Definition
is a ballooning out of a vessel,usually an artery caused by congential defect or weakness of the vessel
Term
Angiomas
Definition
are tumors consisting principally of blood vessels(hemangioma) or lymph vessesl(lymphangioma) Such tumors are usually benign(not malignant)
Term
Myocardial Infarction
Definition
death of an area of the heart muscle that occurs as a result of oxygen deprivation also called Acute Myocardial Infarction
Term
Echocardiography
Definition
(Echo)is the term generally associated with the use of ultrasonography in diagnosing heart disease
Term
Cardiomyopathy
Definition
is a general diagnostic term that designates primary disease of the heart
Term
endocarium
Definition
forms the lining in the heart
Term
myocardium
Definition
the heart muscle
Term
blood vessels
Definition
supply oxygen to the heart are coronary arteries
Term
pericardium
Definition
a sac made up of a double membrane, encloses the heart. The innermost layer of the pericardium is the visceral pericardium or epicardium
Term
vascular
Definition
pertaining to blood vessels in general
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