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Medical Terminology part 3
N/A
191
Medical
Undergraduate 2
10/22/2012

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Term
Capillary
Definition
minute blood vessels that connect the smallest arteries with the smallest veins
Term
"hairlike"
Definition
capillaris (capillary)
Term
Artery
Definition
one of the vessels carrying blood from the heart to the tissues
Term
"windpipe"
Definition
arteria (artery)
Term
Ventricle
Definition
two lower chambers of the heart, which when filled with blood contract and propel it to the arteries.
Term
"little belly"
Definition
ventriculus (ventricle)
Term
Atrium
Definition
Cavity or sinus. The upper chamber of each half of the heart.
Term
"corridor"
Definition
atrium (atrium)
Term
Pulmonary
Definition
pertining to or concerning the lungs
Term
Pulmonary Vein
Definition
carries oxygenated blood to the heart
Term
Vein
Definition
vessels carrying unaerated blood to the heart (excluding pulmonary vein)
Term
"vein"
Definition
vena
Term
coronary
Definition
pertaining to the heart
Term
endocardium
Definition
lining membrane of the inner surface and cavities of the heart
Term
myocardium
Definition
heart muscle
Term
pericardium
Definition
double, membranous, fibroserous sac enclosing the heart and origins of the great blood vessels
Term
infarct
Definition
area of necrotic tissue due to loss of blood supply
Term
systole
Definition
ventricular contraction
Term
diastole
Definition
ventricular relaxation
Term
angina pectoris
Definition
condition of pain/oppression in the heart characterized by pain from the heart to the shoulder and down the arm
Term
syncope
Definition
transitory loss of conciousness due to inadequate blood flow to the brain
Term
aneurysm
Definition
localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel
Term
"a widening"
Definition
aneurusma (aneurysm)
Term
angiocardiography
Definition
roentgenography of the heart and great vessels after intravenous injection of a radiopaque diagnostic solution
Term
anticoagulant
Definition
delaying or preventing blood coagulation, or an agent that does so
Term
antipyretic
Definition
an agent that reduces febrile temperatures
Term
"fever"
Definition
puretos (pyretic)
Term
aplastic
Definition
pertaining to aplasia; having deficient or arrested development
Term
apical
Definition
pertaining to the apex (tip)
Term
arteriogram
Definition
X-ray picture of an artery that contains a radiopaque dye
Term
atherosclerosis
Definition
form of arteriosclerosis with localized accumulations of atheromas within or beneath blood vessels
Term
atrial fibrillation
Definition
irregular and rapid contractions of the atria working independently of the ventricles
Term
atrial flutter
Definition
condition in which contractions of the atrium become extremely rapid with regular rhythm
Term
cardiac arrest
Definition
cessation of the heart
Term
comatose
Definition
in condition of a coma (abnormal deep stupor)
Term
diaphoretic
Definition
an agent that increases perspiration
Term
dyscrasia
Definition
abnormal mixture of the four "humors"- blood, phlegm, black and yellow bile. Synonomous with disease
Term
dyspnea
Definition
air hunger resulting in difficult breathing
Term
ectopic beats
Definition
cardiac beat beginning at a point other than a sinoatrial node
Term
erythrocyte
Definition
red blood corpuscle
Term
femoral
Definition
pertaining to the femur
Term
erythropoiesis
Definition
formation of red blood cells
Term
hemoglobinolysis
Definition
dissolution of hemoglobin
Term
hemolytic
Definition
pertaining to breakdown of red blood cells
Term
hemoptysis
Definition
expectoration of blood
Term
hepatomegaly
Definition
enlargement of liver
Term
hemostat
Definition
device/medicine that stops the flow of blood
Term
holosystolic
Definition
relating to the entire systole- period of the hearts contraction
Term
hyperchromic
Definition
pertaining to excessive pigmentation
Term
hypertrophy
Definition
increase in organ/structure size without tumor formation
Term
hyperplastic
Definition
relating to the excessive proliferation of normal cells in the normal tissue arrangement of a cell
Term
hypochromic
Definition
pertaining to hypochromia, a condition of the blood where the red blood cells have a reduced hemoglobin content
Term
hypokinesia
Definition
decreased motor reaction to stimulus
Term
hypoprothrombinemia
Definition
deficiency of prothrombin, a blood clotting factor, in the blood
Term
intramuscular
Definition
within a muscle
Term
intravenous
Definition
within a vein
Term
ligation
Definition
the application of a ligature, band or bandage
Term
lethargy
Definition
a condition of functional stupor, sluggishness
Term
leukocyte
Definition
white blood cell
Term
leukocytopenia
Definition
subnormal number of leukocytes in the blood
Term
leukemia
Definition
disease characterized byy abnormal proliferation of leukocytes in blood-forming organs (bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes)
Term
leukocytosis
Definition
increase in the number of leukocytes in the blood generall caused by infection
Term
leukopenia
Definition
abnormal decrease in white blood cells
Term
lymphedema
Definition
edema due to swelling of lymphatics
Term
lymphadenitis
Definition
inflammation of a lymphatic gland
Term
lymphoma
Definition
growth of new tissue in the lymphatic system
Term
megaloblastic anemia
Definition
anemia in which megaloblasts are found
Term
microcyte
Definition
small erythrocyte
Term
mitral regurgitation
Definition
blood is allowed to flow back into the auricle due to failure of the mitral valve
Term
murmur
Definition
soft blowing/rasping sound heard on ausculation.
Term
myeloma
Definition
tumor originating in cells of bone marrow
Term
orthostatic
Definition
concerning an erect position
Term
palpitation
Definition
rapid, violent or throbbing pulsation, as an abnormally rapid fluttering or throbbing of the heart.
Term
paresthesia
Definition
abnormal sensation without objective cause, such as numbness, prickling, and tickling. abnormal sensitivity
Term
paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
Definition
sudden and abrupt acceleration of cardiac rate, ceasing abruptly, originating in an ectopic or abnormal focus in the atria
Term
pulmonary embolectomy
Definition
excision of a pulmonary embolism
Term
purpura
Definition
an affection with various manifestations and diverse causes, characterized by hemorrhages on skin, mucous membranes, internal organs, and other tissues. skin hemorrhages show red, purple, brownish-yellow, and dissappear
Term
sublingual
Definition
beneath or concerning the area beneath the tongue
Term
sedimentation
Definition
formation or depositing of sediment
Term
splenectomy
Definition
excision of the spleen
Term
sulcus
Definition
a furrow, groove, slight depression, fissure
Term
varicose
Definition
pertaining to varices, distended, swollen, knotted veins
Term
ventriculography
Definition
an X-ray process used for visualizing the size and shape of the cerebral ventricles by injecting air to displace the cerebrospinal fluid which normally fills these cavities
Term
petechiae
Definition
small purplish spots on the skin
Term
mural
Definition
relating to the wall of a cavity
Term
granulopoiesis
Definition
formation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes
Term
Integumentary System
Definition
the skin and things attached to the skin including hair and nails
Term
Pigment
Definition
any organic coloring matter in the body
Term
caroten/o
Definition
carotene
Term
melan/o
Definition
melanin
Term
albin/o
Definition
white
Term
leuk/o
Definition
white
Term
chromat/o
Definition
color
Term
trich/o
Definition
hair
Term
onych/o
Definition
nail
Term
kerat/o
Definition
horny
Term
chromatopathy
Definition
any skin disease marked by color
Term
dermatopathy
Definition
any skin disease
Term
melanosis
Definition
a condition of unnatural deposits of black pigmentation in areas of the body
Term
acr/o
Definition
the extremeties
Term
adipose
Definition
fatty, pertaining to fat
Term
alopecia
Definition
natural or abnormal baldness
Term
bulla
Definition
large fluid-filled blister
Term
carbuncle
Definition
a circumscribed inflammation of the skin and deeper tissues which terminates in dead tissue and is accompanied by marked constitutional symptoms
Term
dermatopathic
Definition
pertaining to any skin disease
Term
desquamation
Definition
shedding of the epidermis
Term
eczema
Definition
synonymous with chronic dermatitis
Term
ecchymosis
Definition
Bruise. a form of macule appearing in large irregularly formed hemorrhagis areas of the skin. color is blue-black to greenish brown or yellow
Term
eponychium
Definition
horny embryonic structure from which the nail develops
Term
erythema/erythroderma
Definition
a form of macule showing diffused redness over the skin
Term
exfoliation
Definition
scaling off of dead tissues
Term
furuncle
Definition
a boil
Term
galactorrhea
Definition
continuation of milk flow after finished nursing
Term
hyponychium
Definition
the nail bed
Term
impetigo
Definition
inflammatory skin disease marked by isolated pustules which become crusted and rupture. occurs principally around nostrils and mouth, caused be staphs or combined infection
Term
laceration
Definition
a wound or irregular tear of the flesh
Term
lanugo
Definition
downy hair covering the body
Term
lichen
Definition
any form of papular skin disease
Term
lupus erythematosus
Definition
benign dermatitis with reddish well-defined scaly patches which heal and leave atrophic scars
Term
macule
Definition
discolored spot or patch on the skin, neither elevated nor depressed, of various sizes, colors, and shapes
Term
papilla
Definition
small nipple-like protuberance or elevation
Term
papule
Definition
Pimple; red elevated area on the skin, solid and circumscribed
Term
paronychia
Definition
acute or chronic infection of marginal structures about the nail
Term
pediculosis
Definition
lousiness. infection with lice
Term
piebald
Definition
skin with spots of pigmentation, or patches with loss of pigmentation
Term
pemphigoid
Definition
similar to pemphigus
Term
pemphigus
Definition
acute or chronic disease of adults characterized by occurrence of successive crops of bullae which appear suddenly on apparently normal skin and leave pigmented spots, sometimes with itching, burning or constitutional disturbance
Term
periarteritis nodosa
Definition
widespread focal areas of damage due to inflammation of arteries
Term
perionychium
Definition
epidermis surrounding the nail
Term
petechiae
Definition
small purplish hemorrhagic spots which appear in certain severe fevers and are indictive of extreme prostration. also applied to similar spots occurring on mucous membranes or serous surfaces
Term
plaque
Definition
a patch on the skin or mucous surface
Term
pruritus
Definition
severe itching
Term
psoriasis
Definition
common, genetically determined dermatitis consisting of discrete pink or dull-red lesions surmounted by characteristic silvery scaling
Term
seborrhea
Definition
functional disease of the sebaceous glands marked by increase in the sebaceous secretion of oily, fatty matter
Term
scabies
Definition
highly communicable skin disease caused by an arachnid
Term
tactile
Definition
perceptible to touch
Term
tinea capitis
Definition
a fungus disease of the scalp; scalp ringworm
Term
urticaria
Definition
vascular reaction of the skin characterized by the eruption of pale, evanescent wheals, which are associated with severe itching
Term
vesicle
Definition
small sac or bladder containing fluid; blister-like small elevation on the skin containing fluid
Term
vitiligo
Definition
an acquired cutaneous infection characterized by milk-white patches surrounded by areas of normal pigmentation
Term
wheal
Definition
more or less round elevation on the skin, white in center, red on periphery, with itching. seen in urticaria
Term
hyperpigmented
Definition
abnormally increased pigment
Term
mottled
Definition
marked by discoloration, spots, blotches of different colors, shades
Term
circinate
Definition
circular, ring shaped
Term
gyrate
Definition
coiled; ring-shaped
Term
axilla
Definition
armpit
Term
nevus
Definition
birthmark; mole
Term
trichiasis
Definition
inversion, ingrowing of eyelashes
Term
pleg-
Definition
paralysis, stroke
Term
paresis
Definition
paralysis
Term
kinesi-
Definition
movement
Term
tax-
Definition
order
Term
ton-
Definition
tone
Term
vertig-
Definition
a turning around
Term
nystagm-
Definition
drowsiness
Term
strabismus
Definition
a squinting. disorder of the eye which optic axes cannot be directed to the same object
Term
phas-
Definition
speaking
Term
gnos-
Definition
knowledge
Term
arthr-
Definition
to utter distinctly
Term
phag-
Definition
to eat
Term
lex-
Definition
speech
Term
lal-
Definition
to talk, babble
Term
prax-
Definition
performance, doing
Term
confabul-
Definition
to talk together
Term
perserver-
Definition
to persist
Term
tens-
Definition
tension
Term
chol-
Definition
bile
Term
stero-
Definition
solid
Term
ether-
Definition
porridge
Term
embol-
Definition
a throwing in
Term
thromb-
Definition
clot
Term
plex-
Definition
to strike
Term
cephal-
Definition
head
Term
myel-
Definition
spinal cord, marrow
Term
multiple sclerosis
Definition
chronic, slowly progressing disease of central nervous system. characterized by development of disseminated demyelinated glial patches
Term
tonoclonic
Definition
both tonic and clonic (of muscle spasms)
Term
clonus
Definition
spasmodic contraction and relaxation
Term
tonic
Definition
persistent, involuntary firm or violent muscle contraction
Term
congenital
Definition
present at birth
Term
lamina(e)
Definition
a thin flat layer or membrane
Term
fontanel
Definition
a "little fountain". an unossified space or soft spot lying between the cranial bones of the fetal skull
Term
opisthotonos
Definition
an arched position of the body with feet and head on the floor caused by tetanic spasm. in severe cases of tetanus and meningitis
Term
flaccid
Definition
relaxed, flabby, defective or absent muscle tone
Term
palliative
Definition
serving to relieve or alleviate without curing
Term
lumbar puncture
Definition
puncture made by placing an aspiration needle into the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord, usually done in the lumbar area
Term
sciatica
Definition
severe pain in the leg along the course of the sciatic nerve, felt at the back of the thigh and running down the inside of the leg
Term
convergence
Definition
coming together or several axons upon one or a few motor neurons; the condition whereby impulses from several sensory receptors converge upon the same motor center resulting in a limited and specific response
Term
summation
Definition
the cumulative action or effect, as of stimuli.
Term
saphenous
Definition
pertaining to or associated with a saphenous vein or nerve in the leg.
Term
saphenous nerve
Definition
a deep branch of the femoral nerve
Term
apoplexy
Definition
synonym for stroke
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