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Medical Terminology chapter 4 & 5
Def.'s & terms
150
Medical
12th Grade
11/15/2012

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Term
Chromatin
Definition
Structual componet of the nucleic acids and proteins.
Term
Chromosome
Definition
Threadlike structures within the nucleus composed of a deixyribonucleic acid (DNA) moloecule that carries hereditary information encoded in genes.
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
Jellylike substance found within the cell membrane composed of proteins, salts, water, dissolved gases, and nutrients.
Term
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Definition
Molecule that holds genetic information capable of replication and porducing an exact copy whenever the cell divides.
Term
Diaphram
Definition
Muscular wall that divids the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity.
Term
Metabolism
Definition
Sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism.
Term
Organelle
Definition
Cellular structure that provides a specialized function, such sa the nucleus (reproduction), ribosome (protein synthesis), golgi appartus (removal of material from the cell), & lysosomes (digestion).
Term
Pathology
Definition
Study of the nature of diseases, their causes, devolpment, and consequences.
Term
Peristalsis
Definition
Rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the walls of a tubular organ to propel its contents onward.
Term
levels of organization
Definition
Cell;
Tissue;
Organ;
System;
Organism;
Term
Cytology
Definition
The study of the body at the cellular level.
Term
The cell membrance acts as:
Definition
A barrier that encloses the entire cell.
Term
The nucleus is respnosilbe for:
Definition
Metabolism, growth, and reproduction.
Term
Tissues
Definition
Groups of cells that proform a specialized activity.
Term
Types of tissues:
Definition
Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, & Nervous.
Term
Epithelial Tissue
Definition
Covers the surface of organs, lines cavities and canals, forms tubes and ducts, provides the secreting portions of glands, and makes up the epidermis of the skin. It is composed of cells arranged in a continous sheet consisting of one or more layers.
Term
Connective Tissue
Definition
Supports and connects other tissues and organs. It is made up of diverse cell types, including fibroblasts, fat cells, and blood.
Term
Muscle Tissue
Definition
Provides the contractile tissue of the body, which is responsible for movement.
Term
Nervous Tissue
Definition
Transmits electrical impulses as it relays information throughtout the enitre body.
Term
Midsagittal
Definition
Median
Term
Coroal
Definition
Frontal
Term
Transverse
Definition
Horizontal
Term
Two major cavities of the body:
Definition
Dorsal (posterior) including the cranial and spinal cavities.

Ventral (anterior), including the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
Term
Dorsal-
Cranial:
Spinal:
Definition
Brain;
Spinal Cord;
Term
Ventrical-
Thoracic-
Abdominopelvic-
Definition
Heart, lungs, & associated structures.
Digestive, excretory, & reproductive organs and structures.
Term
Right upper:
RUQ
Definition
Right lobe of liver, gallbladder, part of pancreas, part of small and large intestines.
Term
Left upper:
LUQ
Definition
Left lobe of lover, stomach, spleen, part of pancreas, part of small and large intestines.
Term
Right lower:
RLQ
Definition
Part of small and large intestines, appendiz, right ovary, right fallopian tube, right ureter.
Term
Left lower:
LLQ
Definition
Part of small and large intestine, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter.
Term
Region
Left Hypochondriac
Definition
Location
Upper left region beneath the ribs
Term
Region
Epigastric
Definition
Location
Region above the stomach
Term
Region
Right Hypochondriac
Definition
Location
Upper right region beneath the ribs
Term
Region
Left Lumbar
Definition
Location
Left middle lateral region
Term
Region
Umbilical
Definition
Location
Region of the navel
Term
Region
Right Lumar
Definition
Location
Right middle latreal region
Term
Region
Left Inguinal
Definition
Location
Left lower laterial region
Term
Region
Hypogasric
Definition
Location
Lower middle region beneath the navel
Term
Region
Right Inguinal
Definition
Location
Right lower laterial region
Term
Abduction
Definition
Movement away from the midsagittal
Term
Adduction
Definition
Movement toward the midsagittal
Term
Medial
Definition
Pertaining to the midline of the bosy or structure
Term
Laterial
Definition
Pertaining to a side
Term
Superior (cephalad)
Definition
Toward the head or upper portion of a structure
Term
Inferior (caudal)
Definition
Away from the head, or toward the tail or lower part of a structure
Term
Proximal
Definition
Nearer to the center (trunk of the body) or to the point of attachment to the body
Term
Distal
Definition
Further from the center (trunk of the body) or from the point of attachment to the body
Term
Anterior (ventral)
Definition
Front of the body
Term
Posterior (dorsal)
Definition
Back of the body
Term
Parietal
Definition
Pertaining to the outer wall of the body cavity
Term
Visceral
Definition
Pertaining to the viscera, or interal organs, especially the abdominal organs
Term
Prone
Definition
Lying on the abdomen, face down
Term
Supine
Definition
Lying horizontally on the back, face up
Term
Inversion
Definition
Turning inward or inside out
Term
Eversion
Definition
Turning outward
Term
Palmar
Definition
Peraining to the palm of the hand
Term
Plantar
Definition
Pertaining to the sole of the body
Term
Superficial
Definition
Toward the surface of the body (external)
Term
Deep
Definition
Away from the surface of the body (internal)
Term
Cty
Cytologist
Definition
Cell
Specialist in study of cells
Term
Hist
Histology
Definition
Tissue
Study of tissues
Term
Kary
Karyolysis

Nucle
Nuclear
Definition
nucleus
Destruction of the nucleus.

Nucleus
Pertaining to the nucleus
Term
Anter
Anterior
Definition
Anterior/front
Pertaining to the front
Term
Caud
Caudad
Definition
Tail
Toward the tail
Term
Crani
Cranial
Definition
Cranium (skull)
Pertaing to the cranial
Term
Dist
Distal
Definition
Far, farthest
Pertaining to the farthest
Term
Dors
dorsal
Definition
Back of body
Pertaining to the back of the body
Term
Infer
Inferior
Definition
lower, below
Pertaining to a lower ()
Term
Later
lateral
Definition
side, to one side
pertaining to the side
Term
Medi
Mediad
Definition
middle
toward the middle
Term
Poster
posterior
Definition
back, behind posterior
pertaining to the back
Term
Proxim
proximal
Definition
near, nearest
pertaining to the nearest()
Term
Ventr
ventral
Definition
belly, belly side
pertaining to the belly side
Term
Abdomin
abdominal
Definition
Abdomen
pertaining to the abdomen
Term
Cervic
cervical
Definition
neck; cervix uteri
pertaining to the neck
Term
Illi
illial
Definition
ilium
pertaining to the ilium
Term
Inguin
inguinal
Definition
groin
pertaining to the groin
Term
Lumb
Lumbar
Definition
loins
pertaining to the loins
Term
Pelvi
pelvo

pelvimeter
pelvic
Definition
Pelvis
insturment for measuring the pelvis.

Pertaining to the pelvis.
Term
spin
spinal
Definition
spine
pertaining to the spine
Term
thorac
thoracic
Definition
chest
pertaining...
Term
umbilic
umbilical
Definition
umbilicus, navel
pertaining ....
Term
leuk
leukocyte
Definition
white
white cell
Term
Chlor
chloropia
Definition
green
green vision
Term
chrom
heterochromic
Definition
color
pertaining to different colors
Term
cirrh
cirrhosis
Definition
yellow
abnormal yellowing
Term
jaund
jaundice
Definition
yellow
yellowing
Term
xanth
xanthocyte
Definition
yellow
yellow cell
Term
cyan
cyanosis
Definition
blue
pertaining ...
Term
erythr
erytheocyte
Definition
red
red cell
Term
melan
melanoma
Definition
black
black tumor
Term
poli
poliomyelitis
Definition
gray
inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord
Term
acr
acrocyanosis
Definition
extremity
abnormal condition in which the extremitities are blue
Term
eti
etiology
Definition
cause
the study the cause of disease
Term
idi
idiopathic
Definition
unknown, peculiar
pertaining to an unknown cause of disease
Term
morph
morphology
Definition
form, shape, structure
study of form, shape, or structure
Term
path
pathologist
Definition
disease
specialist in the study of disease
Term
radi
radiologist
Definition
radiation; Xrays
specialist in the study of radiation
Term
somat
somatic
Definition
body
pertaining to the body
Term
son
sonography
Definition
sound
process of recording sound
Term
viscer
visceral
Definition
internal organs
pertaining to internal organs
Term
xer
xerosis
Definition
dry
abnormal condition of dryness
Term
Genesis
Definition
Term
gnosis
Definition
Term
gram
Definition
Term
graph
Definition
Term
graphy
arthrpgraphy
Definition
Term
Dermatologist
Definition
Term
hematology
Definition
Term
meter
Definition
Term
metry
Definition
Term
pathy
Definition
Term
ab
Definition
Term
ad
Definition
Term
hetero
Definition
Term
homeo
Definition
Term
infra
Definition
Term
peri
Definition
Term
super
Definition
Term
trans
Definition
Term
ultra
Definition
Term
adhesion
Definition
Term
analyte
Definition
Term
contrast medium
Definition
Term
febrile
Definition
Term
homeostasis
Definition
Term
inflammation
Definition
Term
morbid
Definition
Term
nuclear medicine
Definition
Term
radiology
Definition
Term
interventional
Definition
Term
theapuetic
Definition
Term
radionuclides
Definition
Term
radiopharmaceutical
Definition
Term
scan
Definition
Term
sepsis
Definition
Term
suppurative
Definition
Term
endoscopy
Definition
Term
laparoscopy
Definition
Term
thoracoscopy
Definition
Term
complete blood count
Definition
Term
urinalysis
Definition
Term
computed tomography
Definition
Term
doppler
Definition
Term
fluoroscopy
Definition
Term
magnetic resonance imaging
Definition
Term
nuclear scan
Definition
Term
Positron emission tomography
Definition
Term
radiology
Definition
Term
single photon emission computed tomography
Definition
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