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| gamete (sex cell) producing glands |
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| influences the sleep-wakefulness |
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| extremities, top, extreme point |
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| processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment |
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| chemical messengers that are secreted by endocrine glands directly to the bloodstream |
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| produce hormones, do not have ducs |
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hypophysis
pea-sized gland that is divided into two parts, the anterior and the posterior lobes |
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one pituitary glands - two lobes
one pineal gland
one thyroid gland
four parathyroid glands
one thymus
one pancreas
two adrenal glands
two gonads |
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| adrenocorticotropic hormone |
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| stimulates the growth and secretions of the adrenal cortex |
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| follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH) |
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| stimulates the secretion of estrogen and the growth of ova |
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somatotropic hormone
regulates the growth of bone, muscle, and other body tissues |
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| interstitial cell-stimulating hormone {JCSH) |
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| stimulates ovulation in the female in the male |
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prolactin
stimulates and maintains the secretion of breast milk in the mother afer childbirth |
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| stimulates ovulation in the female |
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| melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) |
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| increases the production of melanin in melanocytes, thereby causing darkening of skin pigmentation |
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| thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) |
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| stimulates the secretion of hormones |
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| antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
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| secreed by the hypothalamus and stored and released in the pituitary gland |
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| administered to increase the amount of urine secretion |
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| stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth |
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| synthetic form of oxytocin that is administered to induce or speed up labor |
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pineal body
very small endocrine gland |
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| influences the sleep-wakefulness portions of the circadian cycle |
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| refers to the biological functions that occur within a 24-hour period |
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| describes all the processes involved in the body's use of nutrients |
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| produced by the thyroid gland, a hormone that works with the parathyroi hormone to decrease calcium levels in the blood and tissues by moving calcium into storage in the bones and teeth |
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| which is about the size of a grain of rice, embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland |
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| parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
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| works with the hormone calcitonin that is secreted by the thyroid gland |
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| located near the midline in the anterior portion of the thoracic cavity |
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| which plays an important part in the immune system by stimulating the maturation of lymphocytes into T cells |
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| feather-shaped organ located posterior to the stomach that functions as part of both the digestive and the endocrine systems |
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| parts of the pancreas that have endocrine functions |
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| small isolated mass, or island, one type of tissue within a larger mass of a different type |
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| hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets in response to low levels of glucose |
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| hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets in response to high levels of glucose in the bloodstream |
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suprarenals
so named because they are located with one of each kidney |
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| mineral substances, such as sodium and potassium normally found in blood |
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| sex hormones secreted by the gonads, the adrenal cortex, and fat cells |
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| steroid hormones produced by the adrena cortex |
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| corticosteroid that regulates the salt and water levels in the body by increasing sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion by the kidneys |
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| returning a substance to the bloodstream |
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hydrocortisone
corticosteroid that has an anti-inflammatory action |
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adrenaline
stimulates the sympathetic nervous system in response to physical injury or to mental stress such as fear |
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| hormone and a neurohormone |
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| secondary sex characteristics |
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| features that distinguish the two sexes but not directy related to reproduction |
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| process of physical changes by which a child's body becomes an adult body that is capable of reproducing |
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| early onset of the changes of puberty |
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| hormone secreted by the ovaries that is important in the development and maintenance of the female secondary sex characterisics and in regulation of the menstrual cycle |
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| hormone released during the second half of the menstrual cycle by the corpus luteum in the ovary |
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| any hormone that stimulates the gonads |
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| sex hormones, primarily testosterone, secreted by he gonads, the adrenal cortex, and fat cells |
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| steroid horone secreted by the testicles and the adrenal cortex to stimulate the development of male secondary sex characteristics |
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| large family of hormone-like substances that share the same fat-soluble chemical structure |
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| man-made substances that are chemically related to male sex hormones |
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| protein hormone secreted by fat cells that is involved in the regulation of appetite |
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| produced and released by neurons in the brain, rather than by the endocrine glands, and delivery to organs and tissues through the bloodstream |
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| physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and malfunctions of the endocrine glands |
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| certified diabetes educator (CDE) |
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| health care professional qualified to teach people with diabetes how to manage their disease |
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| rare chronic disease characterized by abnormal enlargement of extremeties |
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| abnormal growth of the entire body that is caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone |
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| excess secretion of growht hormone that causes acromegaly and gigantism |
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dwarfism
sometimes caused by deficient secretion of growth hormone |
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pituitary tumor
two types of slow-growing benign tumors |
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| functioning pituitary tumors |
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| produce hormones in large and unregulated amounts |
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| nonfunctioning pituitary tumors |
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| do not produce any significant amounts of these hormones |
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| condition in which an excess of prolatin causes the breasts to produce milk spontaneously |
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| benign tumor of the pituitary gland |
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| secreed by the hypothalamus and stored and released in the pituitary glandon behalf of |
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| not related to diabetes mellitus, caused by an insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone ADH or by th inability of the kidneys to resond appropriately to this hormones |
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| comes from Latin word meaning without taste |
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| syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) |
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| caused by overproduction of the antidiuretic hormone ADH |
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| tumor of the pineal gland that can disrupt the production of melatonin |
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cancer
most common cancer of the endocrine system |
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chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis
autoimmune disease in which the body's own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of he thyroid gland |
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under active thyroid
caused by deficiency of thyroid secretion |
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| congenital form of hypothyroidism |
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adult hypothyroidism
caused by extreme deficiency of thyroid secretion |
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