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Medical Terminology Chapter 02
Med Term Ch 2 - Human Body in Health and Disease
216
Medical
Undergraduate 1
09/16/2013

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Term
-crine
Definition
secrete
Term
-malacia
Definition
abnormal softening
Term
-oma
Definition
tumor
Term
-ose
Definition
pertaining to
Term
-stasis, -static
Definition
control, maintenance of a constant level
Term
Adipose tissue
Definition
FAT
provides protective padding, insulation and support
Term
Anterior
Definition
front
Term
Aplasia
Definition
defective development, or congenital absense of an organ or tissue
Term
Chondr/i
Definition
Cartilage
Term
Cranial cavity
Definition
located within the skull, surrounds and protects the brain
Term
Dense connective tissues
Definition
bone and cartilage form the joints and framework of the body
Term
Dorsal
Definition
back side
Term
Epigastric region
Definition
Above the stomach
Term
Epithelial tissues
Definition
epithelium, endothelium
Term
Four types of tissues
Definition
Epithelial tissues,
Connective tissues,
Muscle tissue,
Nerve tissue
Term
Frontal plane
Definition
vertical plane that divides the body into front and back portions
Term
Groin
Definition
Crease at junction of trunk with the upper end of the thigh
Term
Horizontal body planes
Definition
transverse-divides body into upper and lower portions
Term
Inferior
Definition
below, bottom portion
Term
Inquinal
Definition
Relating to groin, includes entire lower area of the abdomen
Term
Left and right hypochondriac regions
Definition
Below ribs, individual with an abnormal concern about his or her health
Term
Liquid connective tissues
Definition
blood and lymph, transport nutrients and waste products throughout the body
Term
Loose connective tissues
Definition
surrounds various organs and supports both nerve cells and blood vessels
Term
Midsagittal plane
Definition
vertical plane that divides the body into equal left and right parts
Term
Muscle tissue
Definition
contains cells with the specialized ability to contract and relax
Term
Nerve tissue
Definition
contains cells with the specialized ability to react to stimuli and to conduct electrical impulses.
Term
Pelv
Definition
Pelvis
Term
Pelvic cavity
Definition
Space formed by the hip bones and contains primarily the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems
Term
Poster
Definition
back or toward back
Term
Posterior
Definition
back
Term
Sagittal plane
Definition
vertical plane that divides the body into unequal left and right portions
Term
Superior
Definition
Above, upper portion
Term
Thoracic cavity
Definition
known as chest cavity or thorax, surrounds and protects heart and lungs
Term
Ventral
Definition
front side, belly side
Term
a
Definition
without
Term
abdominal cavity
Definition
primarily the major organs of digestion, frequently referred to simply as the abdomen
Term
abdominopelvic cavity
Definition
Two cavities together, abdomen and pelvic
Term
aden/o
Definition
gland
Term
adenectomy
Definition
surgical removal of a gland
Term
adenitis
Definition
inflammation of a gland
Term
adenocarcinoma
Definition
malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissue
Term
adenoma
Definition
benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue
Term
adenomalacia
Definition
abnormal softening of a gland
Term
adenosclerosis
Definition
abnormal hardening of a gland
Term
adenosis
Definition
disease or condition of a gland
Term
adip
Definition
fat
Term
adip/o
Definition
fat
Term
airborne transmission
Definition
occures through contact with contaminated respoiratory droplets spread by cough or sneeze
Term
ana
Definition
backward
Term
anaplasia
Definition
change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other
Term
anatomy
Definition
study of the structures of the body
Term
anomaly
Definition
deviation from what is regarded as normal
Term
anter
Definition
front or before
Term
anter/o
Definition
before, front
Term
atresia
Definition
describes the congenital absense of a normal body opening or the failure of a structure to be tubular.
Term
autopsy
Definition
postmorten examination
Term
benign
Definition
not life threatening
Term
bilateral
Definition
relating to, or having, two sides
Term
birth injuries
Definition
congenital disorders that were not present before the events surrounding the time of birth
Term
bloodborne transmission
Definition
spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids that are contaminated with blood
Term
carcin
Definition
cancerous
Term
caud
Definition
tail, lower part of the body
Term
caud/o
Definition
lower part of body, tail
Term
caudal
Definition
toward the lower part of the body
Term
cell membrane
Definition
tissue that surrounds and protects the contents of the cell by separating them from its external environment
Term
cells
Definition
basic structural and functional unitof the body,
specialized and grouped together to form tissues and organs
Term
cephal
Definition
head
Term
cephal/o
Definition
head
Term
cephalic
Definition
toward the head
Term
cerebral palsy
Definition
result of brain damage, can be caused by premature birth or inadequate oxygen to the brain during the birth process.
Term
chromosomes
Definition
genetic structures located within the nucleus of each cell
Term
communicable
Definition
capable of being transmitted
Term
communicable disease
Definition
contagious disease,
any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either by direct or indirect contact with contaminated objects
Term
congenital
Definition
existing at birth
Term
congenital disorder
Definition
abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth
Term
connective tissues
Definition
dense connective tissue,
adipose tissue,
loose connective tissue,
liquid connective tissues
Term
contamination
Definition
pathogen is possibly present
Term
cord blood
Definition
harvested at time of birth and frozen until needed, holds the embryonic stem cells
Term
cranial
Definition
pertaining to the skull
Term
cystic fibrosis
Definition
genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both the respiratory and digestive systems
Term
cyt-,
cyt/o
Definition
cell
Term
cyt/o,
-cyte
Definition
cell
Term
cytologist
Definition
specialist in the study and analysis of cells
Term
cytology
Definition
study of the anatomy, physiology, pathology and chemistry of the cell
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
material within the cell membrane that is NOTpart of the nucleus
Term
degeneration
Definition
worsening condition
Term
dem/i
Definition
population
Term
developmental disorder
Definition
birth defect,
can result in an anomaly or malformation such as the absence of a limb or the presence of an extra toe
Term
differentiated
Definition
having a specialized function or structure
Term
distal
Definition
situated farthest from the midline or beginning of body structure
Term
dna
Definition
deoxyribonucleic acid
found in the nucleus of all types of cells except erythrocytes (red blood cells)
Term
dominant gene
Definition
inherited from either parent, offspring WILLinherit that genetic condition or characteristic
Term
dors
Definition
back of body
Term
dorsal cavity
Definition
contains organs of the nervous system that coordinate body functions and is divided into two portions
Term
double helix
Definition
consists of two helix strands twisted together.
Term
down syndrome
Definition
genetic variation that is associated with a characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities and physical abnormalities such as heart valve disease
Term
dysplasia
Definition
abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs
Term
embryonic stem cells
Definition
undifferentiated cells that have the ability to form ANYadult cell
Term
en-
Definition
within
Term
end-,
endo-
Definition
in, within, inside
Term
endemic
Definition
ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area
Term
endo-
Definition
within
Term
endocrine glands
Definition
produce hormones, do not have ducts
Term
endothelium
Definition
specialized epithelial tissue that lines the blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands and organs.
Term
epi-
Definition
above
Term
epidemic
Definition
sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population, group or area
Term
epidemiologist
Definition
specialist in the study of outbreaks of disease within a population group
Term
epithelial tissues
Definition
form a protective covering for all the internal and external srufaces of the body,
also form glands
Term
epithelium
Definition
specialized epithelial tissue that forms the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucous membranes
Term
erythrocyte
Definition
red blood cells
Term
eti-
Definition
cause
Term
etiology
Definition
study of the causes of diseases
Term
exo-
Definition
out of, outside, away from
Term
exo-
Definition
out of
Term
exocrine glands
Definition
secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body,
swet glands
Term
fetal alcohol syndrome
Definition
caused by mother's consumption of alcohol during pregnancy. Resulting condition of the baby is characterized by physical and behavioral traits, including growth abnormalities mental retardation, brain damage and socialization difficulties.
Term
food-borne and waterborne transmission
Definition
fecal-oral transmission
caused by eating or drinking contaminated food or water that has not been properly treated to remove contamination or kill any pathogens present
Term
functional disorder
Definition
produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified
Term
gamete
Definition
sex cell - only cell that does NOTcontain 46 chromosomes. Instead, each egg (ovum) or sperm has 23 single chromosomes.
Term
gametic cell mutation
Definition
change within the genes in a gamete cell that CAN be transmitted by a parent to their children.
Term
gene
Definition
fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity
Term
gene
Definition
producing
Term
general practitioner
Definition
family practice physician,
provides ongoing care for patients of all ages
Term
genetic disorder
Definition
heriditary disorder
pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene
Term
genetic engineering
Definition
manipulating or splicing of genes for scientific or medical purposes.
Term
geneticist
Definition
specialized study in the field of genetics
Term
genetics
Definition
study of how genes are transferred from parents to their children and the role of genes in health and disease
Term
genome
Definition
complete set of genetic information of an organism
Term
geriatrician
Definition
gerontologist
physicial who specializes in the care of older people
Term
geriatrics
Definition
study of the medical problems and care of older people
Term
gland
Definition
group of specialized epithelial cells that are capable of producing secretions
Term
helix
Definition
shape twisted like a spiral staircase
Term
hemophilia
Definition
group of herditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing
Term
hemopoietic
Definition
blood forming tissue of donor's marrow
Term
hist
Definition
tissue
Term
hist/o,
Histi/o
Definition
tissue
Term
histologist
Definition
specialist in the study of organization of tissue at all levels
Term
histology
Definition
study ofthe structure, composition and function of tissues
Term
hospitalist
Definition
foducses on the general medical care of hospitalized patients
Term
huntington's disease
Definition
genetic disorder that is passed from parent to child causing nerve degeneration with symptoms that appear in midlife
Term
hyperplasia
Definition
enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues
Term
hypertrophy
Definition
general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ due to an increase in the size, but not the number, of cells in the tissues
Term
hypochondriac
Definition
below the ribs,
an individual with an abnormal concern about his or her health
Term
hypogastric region
Definition
located below the stomach
Term
hypoplasia
Definition
incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a dificiency in the number of cells
Term
iatrogenic illness
Definition
unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment
Term
idi/o
Definition
peculiar to the individual
Term
idiopathic disorder
Definition
illness without known cause
Term
ili
Definition
hip bones
Term
indirect contact transmission
Definition
situations in which a susceptable person is infected by contact with a contaminated surface
Term
infectious disease
Definition
illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses
Term
internist
Definition
physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the internal organs and related body systems.
Term
lateral
Definition
direction toward, or nearer, the outside of the body, away from the midline
Term
left and right lumbar regions
Definition
located near the inward curve of the spine
Term
lumb
Definition
lower back
Term
lumbar
Definition
part of the back between the ribs and the pelvis
Term
malignant
Definition
harmful, capable of spreading and potentially life threatening
Term
medial
Definition
direction toward, or nearer, the midline
Term
membrane
Definition
thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space or organ
Term
mesentery
Definition
fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall
Term
muscular dystrophy
Definition
group of generic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement
Term
nosocomial infection
Definition
disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting,
MRSA infections are often spread in hospitals
Term
nucleus
Definition
surrounded by nuclear membrane, it's a structure within the cell. Two important functions: control activities of the cell, help the cell divide
Term
organ
Definition
somewhat independent part of the body that performs a specific function
Term
organic disorder
Definition
produces symptoms caused by detectable physical changes in the body,
chickenpox, which has a characteristic rash, is an organic disorder caused by a virus.
Term
ovum
Definition
egg
Term
pan
Definition
entire
Term
pandemic
Definition
outbreak of a disease occuring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide
Term
parietal
Definition
cavity wall
Term
parietal peritoneum
Definition
outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall
Term
path/o,
-pathy
Definition
disease
Term
patho,
-pathy
Definition
disease, suffering, feeling, emotion
Term
pathogen
Definition
disease producing microorganism such as a virus
Term
pathologist
Definition
specializes in the laboratory analysis of tissue samples to confirm or establish a diagnosis.
Term
pathology
Definition
study of disease,
condition produced by disease
Term
pediatrician
Definition
physician who specializes in diagnosing, treating and preventing disorders and diseases of infants and children.
Term
periton
Definition
peritoneum
Term
peritoneum
Definition
multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in pace with the abdominal cavity.
Term
peritonitis
Definition
inflammation of the peritoneum
Term
phenylketonuria
Definition
genetic disorder in which essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing.
Term
physi
Definition
nature or physical
Term
physiology
Definition
study of the functions of the structures of the body
Term
plas/i, plaso, -plasia
Definition
development, growth, formation
Term
plasia
Definition
formation
Term
poster/o
Definition
behind, toward the back
Term
postmorten
Definition
after death
Term
premature birth
Definition
occurs earlier than 37 weeks of development
Term
prenatal influences
Definition
mother's health, behavior and the prenatal medical care she does or does not receive before delivery
Term
proximal
Definition
situated nearest the midline or beginning of body structure
Term
quadrant
Definition
RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ
Term
recessive gene
Definition
inherited from BOTH parents, offspring WILL have that condition. Inherited from ONEparent, offspring will be a carrier.
Term
retro-
Definition
behind
Term
retroperitoneal
Definition
behind the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity
Term
right and left iliac regions
Definition
located over the hip bone
Term
rubella infection
Definition
birth defects often develop if a pregnant woman contracts this viral infection early in her pregnancy
Term
secretion
Definition
substanced produced by a gland
Term
somatic
Definition
pertaining to the body in general,
any cell in the body except the gametes
Term
somatic cell mutation
Definition
change within the cells of the body
affects the individual but not transmitted to the next generation
Term
somatic cells
Definition
any cell in the body except the gametes
Term
somatic stem cells
Definition
adult stem cells, undifferentiated cells found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ. Primary function is to repair the tissue in which they are found.
Term
spinal cavity
Definition
located within the spinal column, surrounds and protects the spinal cord
Term
stem cells
Definition
unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division
Term
tay-sachs disease
Definition
fatal genetic disorder in which harmful quantities of a fatty substance buildup in tissues and nerve cells in the brain.
Term
tissue
Definition
group or layerof similarly specialized cells that join together to perform certain specific functions
Term
transmission
Definition
spread of disease
Term
two major body cavities
Definition
dorsal, and ventral
Term
umbilical region
Definition
surrounds the umbilicus
Term
umbilicus
Definition
belly button,
navel
Term
undifferentiated
Definition
not having a specialized function or structure
Term
vector
Definition
insects or animals such as flies, mites, flease, ticks, rats and dogs that are capable of transmitting a disease.
Term
vector-borne transmission
Definition
spread of disease due to the bite of a fector
Term
ventral cavity
Definition
thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity
Term
vertical body planes
Definition
Sagittal, midsagittal, frontal (coronal)
Term
visceral
Definition
relating to the internal organs
Term
visceral
Definition
relating to the internal organs
Term
visceral peritoneum
Definition
the inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organsof the abdominal cavity
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