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Medical Terminology: A Living Language 4th ed
Chapter 1: Introduction to Medical Terminology
158
Medical
Undergraduate 1
09/02/2009

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Term
aden/o
(adenopathy)
Definition
gland
(gland disease)
Term
carcin/o
(carcinoma)
Definition
cancer
(cancerous tumor)
Term
cardi/o
(cardiac)
Definition
heart
(pertaining to the heart)
Term
chem/o
(chemotherapy)
Definition
chemical
(treatment with chemical)
Term
cis/o
(incision)
Definition
to cut
(process of cutting into)
Term
dermat/o
(dermatology)
Definition
skin
(study of the skin)
Term
enter/o
(enteric)
Definition
small intestine
(pertaining to the small intestine)
Term
gastr/o
(gastric)
Definition
stomach
(pertaining to the stomach)
Term
gynec/o
(gynecology)
Definition
female
(study of females)
Term
hemat/o
(hematic)
Definition
blood
(pertaining to the blood)
Term
hydr/o
(hydrocele)
Definition
water
(protusion of water [in the scrotum])
Term
immun/o
(immunology)
Definition
immune
(study of immunity)
Term
laryng/o
(laryngeal)
Definition
voice box
(pertaining to the voice box)
Term
morph/o
(morphology)
Definition
shape
(study of shape)
Term
nephr/o
(nephromegaly)
Definition
kidney
(enlarged kidney)
Term
neur/o
(neural)
Definition
nerve
(pertaining to a nerve)
Term
ophthalm/o
(ophthalmic)
Definition
eye
(pertaining to the eye)
Term
ot/o
(otic)
Definition
ear
(pertaining to the ear)
Term
path/o
(pathology)
Definition
disease
(study of disease)
Term
pulmon/o
(pulmonary)
Definition
lung
(pertaining to the lungs)
Term
rhin/o
(rhinoplasty)
Definition
nose
(surgical repair of the nose)
Term
ur/o
(urology)
Definition
urine, urinary tract
(study of the urinary tract)
Term
a-
(aphasia)
Definition
without, away from
(without speech)
Term
an-
(anoxia)
Definition
without
(without oxygen)
Term
ante-
(antepartum)
Definition
before, in front of
(before birth)
Term
anti-
(antibiotic)
Definition
against
(against life)
Term
auto-
(autograft)
Definition
self
(a graft from one's own body)
Term
brady-
(bradycardia)
Definition
slow
(slow heartbeat)
Term
dys-
(dyspnea)
Definition
painful, difficult
(difficulty breathing)
Term
endo-
(endoscope)
Definition
within, inner
(instrument to view within)
Term
epi-
(epigastric)
Definition
upon, over
(upon or over the stomach)
Term
eu-
(eupnea)
Definition
normal, good
(normal breathing)
Term
hetero-
(heterograft)
Definition
different
(a graft from another person's body)
Term
homo-
(homozygous)
Definition
same
(having two identical genes)
Term
hyper-
(hypertrophy)
Definition
over, above
(overdevelopment)
Term
hypo-
(hypoglossal)
Definition
under, below
(under the tongue)
Term
infra-
(infraorbital)
Definition
under, beneath, below
(below, under the eye socket)
Term
inter-
(intervertebral)
Definition
among, between
(between the vertebrae)
Term
intra-
(intravenous)
Definition
within, inside
(inside, within a vein)
Term
macro-
(macrocephalic)
Definition
large
(having a large head)
Term
micro-
(microcephalic)
Definition
small
(having a small head)
Term
neo-
(neonate)
Definition
new
(newborn)
Term
pan-
(pancarditis)
Definition
all
(inflammation of all the heart)
Term
para-
(paranasal)
Definition
beside, beyond, near
(near or alongside the nose)
Term
per-
(percutaneous)
Definition
through
(through the skin)
Term
peri-
(pericardial)
Definition
around
(around the heart)
Term
post-
(postpartum)
Definition
after
(after birth)
Term
pre-
(prefrontal)
Definition
before, in front of
(in front of the frontal bone)
Term
pseudo-
(pseudocyesis)
Definition
false
(false pregnancy)
Term
retro-
(retrograde)
Definition
backward, behind
(movement in a backward direction)
Term
sub-
(subcutaneous)
Definition
below, under
(under, below the skin)
Term
super-
(supernumerary)
Definition
above, excess
(above the normal number)
Term
supra-
(suprapubic)
Definition
above
(above the pubic bone)
Term
tachy-
(tachycardia)
Definition
rapid, fast
(fast heartbeat)
Term
trans-
(transurethral)
Definition
through, across
(across the urethra)
Term
ultra-
(ultrasound)
Definition
beyond, excess
(high-frequency sound waves)
Term
bi-
(bilateral)
Definition
two
(two sides)
Term
hemi-
(hemiplegia)
Definition
half
(paralysis of one side/half of the body)
Term
mono-
(monoplegia)
Definition
one
(paralyis of one extremity)
Term
multi-
(multigravida)
Definition
many
(woman pregnant more than once)
Term
nulli-
(nulligravida)
Definition
none
(woman with no pregnancies)
Term
poly-
(polyuria)
Definition
many
(large amounts of urine)
Term
quad-
(quadriplegia)
Definition
four
(paralysis of all four extremities)
Term
semi-
(semiconscious)
Definition
partial, half
(partially conscious)
Term
tri-
(triceps)
Definition
three
(muscle with three heads)
Term
uni-
(unilateral)
Definition
one
(one side)
Term
-algia
(gastralgia)
Definition
pain
(stomach pain)
Term
-cele
(cystocele)
Definition
hernia, protrusion
(protrusion of the bladder)
Term
-cise
(excise)
Definition
cut
(to cut out)
Term
-cyte
(erythrocyte)
Definition
cell
(red cell)
Term
-dynia
(cardiodynia)
Definition
pain
(heart pain)
Term
-ectasis
(bronchiectasis)
Definition
dilation
(dilated bronchi)
Term
-gen
(mutagen)
Definition
that which produces
(that which produces mutations)
Term
-genesis
(osteogenesis)
Definition
produces, generates
(produces bone)
Term
-genic
(carcinogenic)
Definition
producing, produced by
(producing cancer)
Term
-ia
(hemiplegia)
Definition
state, condition
(condition of being half paralyzed)
Term
-iasis
(lithiasis)
Definition
abnormal condition
(abnormal condition of stones)
Term
-ism
(hypothyroidism)
Definition
state of
(state of low thyroid)
Term
-itis
(cellulitis)
Definition
inflammation
(inflammation of cells)
Term
-logist
(cardiologist)
Definition
one who studies
(one who studies the heart)
Term
-logy
(cardiology)
Definition
study of
(study of the heart)
Term
-lysis
(osteolysis)
Definition
destruction
(bone destruction)
Term
-malacia
(chondromalacia)
Definition
abnormal softening
(abnormal cartilage softening)
Term
-megaly
(cardiomegaly)
Definition
enlargement, large
(enlarged heart)
Term
-oma
(carcinoma)
Definition
tumor, mass
(cancerous tumor)
Term
-osis
(cyanosis)
Definition
abnormal condition
(abnormal condition of being blue)
Term
-pathy
(myopathy)
Definition
disease
(muscle disease)
Term
-plasia
(dysplasia)
Definition
development, growth
(abnormal development)
Term
-plasm
(neoplasm)
Definition
formation, development
(new formation)
Term
-ptosis
(proctoptosis)
Definition
drooping
(drooping rectum)
Term
-rrhage
(hemorrhage)
Definition
excessive, abnormal flow
(excessive bleeding)
Term
-rrhea
(rhinorrhea)
Definition
discharge, flow
(discharge from the nose)
Term
-rrhexis
(hysterorrhexis)
Definition
rupture
(ruptured uterus)
Term
-sclerosis
(arteriosclerosis)
Definition
hardening
(hardening of an artery)
Term
-stenosis
(angiostenosis)
Definition
narrowing
(narrowing of a vessel)
Term
-therapy
(chemotherapy)
Definition
treatment
(treatment with chemicals)
Term
-trophy
(hypertrophy)
Definition
nourishment, development
(excessive development)
Term
-ac
(cardiac)
Definition
pertaining to
(pertaining to the heart)
Term
-al
(duodenal)
Definition
pertaining to
(pertaining to the duodenum)
Term
-an
(ovarian)
Definition
pertaining to
(pertaining to the ovary)
Term
-ar
(ventricular)
Definition
pertaining to
(pertaining to the ventricle)
Term
-ary
(pulmonary)
Definition
pertaining to
(pertaining to the lungs)
Term
-eal
(esophageal)
Definition
pertaining to
(pertaining to the esophagus)
Term
-iac
(chondriac)
Definition
pertaining to
(pertaining to cartilage)
Term
-ic
(gastric)
Definition
pertaining to
(pertaining to the stomach)
Term
-ical
(neurological)
Definition
pertaining to
(pertaining to the study of the nerves)
Term
-ile
(penile)
Definition
pertaining to
(pertaining to the penis)
Term
-ior
(superior)
Definition
pertaining to
(pertaining to above)
Term
-ory
(auditory)
Definition
pertaining to
(pertaining to hearing)
Term
-ose
(adipose)
Definition
pertaining to
(pertaining to fat)
Term
-ous
(intravenous)
Definition
pertaining to
(pertaining to within a vein)
Term
-tic
(acoustic)
Definition
pertaining to
(pertaining to hearing)
Term
-centesis
(arthrocentesis)
Definition
puncture to withdraw fluid
(puncture to withdraw fluid from a joint)
Term
-ectomy
(gastrectomy)
Definition
surgical removal
(surgically remove the stomach)
Term
-ostomy
(colostomy)
Definition
surgically create an opening
(surgically create an opening for the colon through the abdominal wall)
Term
-otomy
(thoracotomy)
Definition
cutting into
(cutting into the chest)
Term
-pexy
(nephropexy)
Definition
surgical fixation
(surgical fixation of a kidney)
Term
-plasty
(dermatoplasty)
Definition
surgical repair
(surgical repair of the skin)
Term
-rrhaphy
(myorrhaphy)
Definition
suture
(suture together muscle)
Term
-gram
(electrocardiogram)
Definition
record or picture
(record of heart's electricity)
Term
-graph
(electrocardiograph)
Definition
instrument for recording
(instrument for recording the heart's electrical activity)
Term
-graphy
(electrocardiography)
Definition
process of recording
(process of recording the heart's electrical activity)
Term
-meter
(audiometer)
Definition
instrument of measuring
(instrument of measuring hearing)
Term
-metry
(audiometry)
Definition
process of measuring
(process of measuring hearing)
Term
-scope
(gastroscope)
Definition
instrument for viewing
(instrument to view stomach)
Term
-scopy
(gastroscopy)
Definition
process of visually examining
(process of visually examining the stomach)
Term
Singular
-a
(vertebra)
Definition
Plural
-ae
(vertebrae)
Term
Singular
-ax
(thorax)
Definition
Plural
-aces
(thoraces)
Term
Singular
-ex or -ix
(appendix)
Definition
Plural
-ices
(appendices)
Term
Singular
-is
(metastasis)
Definition
Plural
-es
(metastases)
Term
Singular
-ma
(sarcoma
Definition
Plural
-mata
(sarcomata)
Term
Singular
-nx
(phalanx)
Definition
Plural
-nges
(phalanges)
Term
Singular
-on
(ganglion)
Definition
Plural
-ia
(ganglia)
Term
Singular
-us
(nucleus)
Definition
Plural
-i
(nuclei)
Term
Singular
-um
(ovum)
Definition
Plural
-a
(ova)
Term
Singular
-y
(biopsy)
Definition
Plural
-ies
(biopsies)
Term
The Medical Record:
History and Physical
Definition
Written or dictated by the admitting physician; details the patient's history, results of the physician's examination, initial diagnoses, and physician's plan of treatment.
Term
The Medical Record:
Physician's Orders
Definition
Complete list of the care, medications, tests, and treatments the physician orders for the patient.
Term
The Medical Record:
Nurse's Notes
Definition
Record of the patient's care throughout the day; includes vital signs, treatment specifics, patient's response to treatment, and patient's condition.
Term
The Medical Record:
Physician's Progress Notes
Definition
Physician's daily record of the patient's condition, results of the physician's examinations, summary of test results, updated assessment and diagnoses, and further plans for the patient's care.
Term
The Medical Record:
Consultation Reports
Definition
Reports given by specialists whom the physician has asked to evaluate the patient.
Term
The Medical Record:
Ancillary Reports
Definition
Reports from various treatments and therapies the patient has received, such as rehabilitation, social services, or respiratory therapy.
Term
The Medical Record:
Diagnostic Reports
Definition
Results of diagnostic tests performed on the patient, principally from the clinical lab (for example, blood tests) and medical imaging (for example, X-rays and ultrasound)
Term
The Medical Record:
Informed Consent
Definition
Document voluntarily signed by the patient or a responsible party that clearly describes the purpose, methods, procedures, benefits, and risks of a diagnostic or treatment procedure.
Term
The Medical Record:
Operative Report
Definition
Report from the surgeon detailing an operation: includes a pre- and postoperative diagnosis, specific details of the surgical procedure itself, and how the patient tolerated the procedure.
Term
The Medical Record:
Anesthesiologist's Report:
Definition
Relates the details regarding the substances (such as medications and fluids) given to a patient, the patient's response to anesthesia, and vital signs during surgery)
Term
The Medical Record:
Pathologist's Report
Definition
Report given by a pathologist who studies tissue removed from the patient (for example, bone marrow, blood, or tissue biopsy).
Term
The Medical Record:
Discharge Summary
Definition
Comprehensive outline of the patient's entire hospital stay; includes condition at time of admission, admitting diagnosis, test results, treatments and patient's response, final diagnosis, and follow-up plans.
Term
Healthcare Settings:
Acute Care or General Hospitals
Definition
Provide services to diagnose (laboratory, diagnostic imaging) and treat (surgery, medications, therapy) diseases for a short period of time; in addition, they usually provide emergency obstetrical care.
Term
Healthcare Settings:
Specialty Care Hospitals
Definition
Provide care for very specific types of diseases; for example, a psychiatric hospital.
Term
Healthcare Settings:
Nursing Homes or Long-Term Care Facilities
Definition
Provide long-term care for patients who need extra time to recover from an illness or injury before returning home, or for persons who can no longer care for themselves.
Term
Healthcare Settings:
Ambulatory Care, Surgical Centers, or Outpatient Clinics
Definition
Provide services that do not require overnight hospitalization; the services range from simple surgeries to diagnostic testing or therapy.
Term
Healthcare Settings:
Physicians' Offices
Definition
Provide diagnostic and treatment services in a private office setting.
Term
Healthcare Settings:
Helath Maintenance Organization (HMO)
Definition
Provides a wide range of services by a group of primary-care physicians, specialists, and other healthcare professionals in a prepaid system.
Term
Healthcare Settings:
Home Health Care
Definition
Provides nursing, therapy, personal care, or housekeeping services in the patient's own home.
Term
Healthcare Settings:
Rehabilitation Centers
Definition
Provide intensive physical and occupational therapy; they include inpatient and outpatient treatment.
Term
Healthcare Settings:
Hospice
Definition
Provides supportive treatment to terminally ill patients and their families.
Term
HIPAA
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
Definition
Set federal standards that provide patients with more protection of their medical records and health information, better access to their own records, and greater control over how their health information is used and to whom it is disclosed.
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