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Medical Terminology
Medical Vocabulary
150
Health Care
11th Grade
09/08/2011

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Term
gerontolgy
Definition
The scientific study of the process and problems of aging.
Term
rehabilitation
Definition
Spontaneous or theraputic restoration, after disease, illness, or injury, of the ability to function in a normal or near-normal manner.
Term
restoration
Definition
The act of restoring or the condition of being restored, as a returning to a normal or healthy condition.
Term
hospice
Definition
A facility or program designed to provide a caring enviornment for supplying the physical and emotional needs of the terminally ill.
Term
resident
Definition
A physician serving a residency.
Term
assessment
Definition
The act of evaluation.
Term
diagnosis
Definition
The art or act of identifying a disease from its signs and symptoms.
Term
theraputic
Definition
Of or relating to the treatment of disease or disorders by remedial agents or methods.
Term
grievances
Definition
Complaints against a wrong.
Term
confidentiality
Definition
The statutorily protected right and duty of health professionals not to disclose information acquired during consultation with a patient.
Term
disorientation
Definition
Loss of the sense of familiarity with one's surroundings.
Term
dependability
Definition
The quality or condition of relying upon, being influenced by, or being subservient to a person or object reflecting a particular need.
Term
aspiration
Definition
Removal, by suction, or a gas or fluid from a body cavity, from unusual accumulations, or from a container. Also, the inspiratory sucking into the airways of fluid or foreign body, as of vomitus.
Term
hemorrhage
Definition
An escape of blood through ruptured or unruptured vessel walls.
Term
nosocomial
Definition
Relating to a hospital.
Term
communicable
Definition
Capable of being communicated or transmitted; said especially of disease.
Term
congenital
Definition
Existing at birth, referring to mental or physical traits, anomalies, malformations, or diseases, which may be either hereditary or due to an influence occuring during gestation up to the moment of birth.
Term
etiology
Definition
The science and study of the causes of disease and their mode of operation.
Term
exacerbation
Definition
An increase in the severity of a disease or any of its signs and symptoms.
Term
remission
Definition
Abatement or lessening in severity of the symptoms of a disease.
Term
metastasize
Definition
To pass into or invade by metastasis.
Term
prognosis
Definition
A forecast of the probable course and/or outcome a disease.
Term
chronic
Definition
Referring to exposure, prolonged, or long-term, sometimes meaning also low-intensity.
Term
anorexia
Definition
Diminished apetite; aversion to food.
Term
contagious
Definition
Relating to contagion; communicable or transmissible by contact with the sick and their fresh excretions or secretions.
Term
acquired
Definition
Denoting a disease, condition, or abnormality, that is not inherited.
Term
trauma
Definition
A physical or mental injury.
Term
immunodeficiency
Definition
A condition resulting from a defective immune mechanism; may be primary (due to a default in the immune mechanism itself) or secondary (dependent upon another disease process).
Term
Medicare
Definition
Federally managed health insurance plan covering Americans over age 65 and Americans under age 65 who have certain disabilities; established by a 1965 amendment to the Social Security Act.
Term
Medicaid
Definition
Program established under Title XIX of the Social Security Act, which provides health insurance to poor people; it is funded jointly by the state and federal governments. Formerly known as medical assistance.
Term
deteriorate
Definition
The process or condition of becoming worse.
Term
rapport
Definition
A conscious feeling of accord, trust, empathy, and mutual responsiveness between two or more persons that fosters the theraputic process.
Term
manipulative
Definition
To treat or operate with the hands or by mechanical means especially in a skillful manner.
Term
Alzheimer's
Definition
A degenerative brain disease of unknown cause that is the most common form of dementia, that usually starts in late middle age or in old age, that results in progressive memory loss, impaired thinking, disorientation, and changes in personality and mood, that leads in advanced cases to a profound decline in cognitive and physical functioning, and that is marked histologically by the degeneration of brain neurons, especially in the cerebral cortex of and by the presence of neurofibrality tangles and plaques containing beta-amyloid.
Term
dementia
Definition
A usually progressive condition (as Alzheimer's disease) marked by the development of multiple cognitive deficits (as memory impairment, aphasia, and inability to plan and initiate complex behavior).
Term
delusions
Definition
A false belief regarding the self or persons or objects outside the self that persists despite the facts and occures in some psychotic states.
Term
anxiety
Definition
An abnormal and overwhelming sense of apprehension and fear often marked by physiological signs (as sweating, tensions, and increased pulse), by doubt concerning the reality and nature of the threat, and by self-doubt about one's capacity to cope with it.
Term
ataxia
Definition
An inability to coordinate voluntary muscular movements that is symptomatic of some nervous disorders.
Term
quadriplegia
Definition
Paralysis of all four limbs.
Term
quadrant
Definition
Any of the four more or less equivalent segments into which an anatomic structure may be divided by vertical and horizontal partitioning through its midpoint.
Term
atrophy
Definition
Decrease in size or wasting away of a body part or tissue.
Term
subluxation
Definition
partial dislocation
Term
disability
Definition
Inability to pursure an occupation because of physical or mental impairment.
Term
flaccid
Definition
Not firm or stiff.
Term
decubiti
Definition
Pressure-induced ulcerations of the skin occuring in persons confined to bed for a long period of time.
Term
debride
Definition
To surgically remove lacerated, devitalized, or contaminated tissue.
Term
ambulate
Definition
To move from place to place, walk.
Term
gait belt
Definition
A device used to transfer people from one position to another or one thing to another.
Term
restraint
Definition
A device that restricts movement.
Term
mitered
Definition
A joint that usually forms a corner.
Term
anemia
Definition
A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume.
Term
angina pectoris
Definition
A disease marked by brief paroxysmal attacks of chest pain precipitated by deficient ovygenation of the heart muscles.
Term
infarction
Definition
The process of forming an area of necrosis in a tissue or organ resulting from obstruction of the local circulation by a thrombus or embolus.
Term
capillaries
Definition
Any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules and forming networks throughout the body.
Term
arteriosclerosis
Definition
A chronic disease characterized by abnormal thickening and hardening of the arterial walls with resulting loss of elasticity.
Term
atherosclerosis
Definition
A condition in which an artery wall thickens as a result of the accumulation of fatty materials such as cholesterol.
Term
diaphoresis
Definition
Profuse perspiration artificially induced.
Term
hypoxia
Definition
A deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissues of the body.
Term
diastole
Definition
The passive rhythmical expansion or dialation pf the cavities of the heart during which they fill with blood.
Term
systole
Definition
The contraction of the heart by which the blood is forced onward and the circulation kept up.
Term
ascities
Definition
Abnormal accumulation of serious fluid in the spaces between tissues and organs in the cavity of the abdomen.
Term
orthopnea
Definition
Difficulty in breathing that occurs when lying down and is relieved upon changing to an upright position.
Term
ischemia
Definition
Deficient supply of blood to a body part (as the heart or brain) that is due to obstruction of the inflow of arterial blood (as by the narrowing of arteries by spasm or disease).
Term
dyspnea
Definition
Difficult or labored respiration.
Term
nitroglycerin
Definition
(C3H5N3O4) A heavy oily explosive poisonous liquid used as a vasodialator.
Term
ventricle
Definition
A chamber of the heart which recieves blood from a corresponding atrium and from which blood is forced into the arteries.
Term
syncope
Definition
Loss of consciousness resulting from insufficient blood flow to the brain.
Term
thrombus
Definition
A clot of blood fromed within a blood vessel and remaining attached to its place of origin.
Term
embolus
Definition
An abnormal particle (as in an air bubble) circulating in the blood.
Term
sphygmomanometer
Definition
An instrument for measuring blood pressure.
Term
stethoscope
Definition
An instrument used to detect and study sounds produced in the body that are conveyed to the ears of the listener through rubber tubing connected with a usually cup-shaped piece placed upon the area to be examined.
Term
cyanotic
Definition
A bluish or purple discoloration (as of skin) due to deficient oxygenation of the blood.
Term
expectorate
Definition
To eject from the throat or lungs by coughing or hawking and spitting.
Term
sputum
Definition
Matter expectorated from the respiratory system and especially the lungs and bronchi in diseased states that is composed chiefly of mucus but may contain pus, blood, fibrin, or microorganisms (as bacteria).
Term
tuberculosis
Definition
A usually chronic highly variable disease that is caused by a bacterium of the genus Mycobacterium (M. tuberculosis) and rarely in the United States by a related mycobacterium (M. bousis), is usually communicated by inhalation of the airborne causative agent, affects especially the lungs but may spread to other areas (as the kidney or spinal column) from local lesions or by way of the lymph or blood vessels, and is characterized by fever, cough, diffculty in breathing, inflammatory infiltrations, formation of tubercules, caseation, pleural effusion, and fibrosis.
Term
regurgitate
Definition
To throw or pour back or out from as if from a cavity.
Term
tachypnea
Definition
Increased rate of respiration.
Term
alveoli
Definition
Small thin-walled air-containing compartments of the lung that are typically arranged in saclike clusters into which an alveolar duct terminates and from which respiratory gases are exchanged with the pulmonary capillaries.
Term
emphysema
Definition
A condition of the lung that is marked by distention and eventual rupture of the alveoli with progressive loss of pulmonary elasticity, that is accompanied by shortness of breath with or without cough, and that may leadto impairment of heart action.
Term
axilla
Definition
The cavity beneath the junction of the arm or anterior appendage and shoulder or pectoral girdle containing the axillary artery and vein, a part of the brachialplexus of the nerves, many lymph nodes, and fat and areolar tissue.
Term
halitosis
Definition
A condition of having fetid breath.
Term
dialate
Definition
To enlarge, strech, or cause to expand.
Term
perineal
Definition
Relating to the area between the anus and the posterior part of the external genitalia especially in the female.
Term
dentures
Definition
An artificial replacement for one or more teeth.
Term
petechia
Definition
Minute reddih or purplish spots containing blood that appears in skin ormucous membranes as a result of localized hemmorhage.
Term
caries
Definition
Tooth decay.
Term
diathermy
Definition
The generation of heat in tissue by electric currents for medical or surgical purposes.
Term
Sitz bath
Definition
A bath in which the hips and buttocks are immersed in hot water for the theraputic effect of moist heat in the perineal and anal regions.
Term
emesis
Definition
Vomiting.
Term
periphereal
Definition
Of, relating to, involving, forming,or located near a periphery or surface part (as of the body).
Term
accuracy
Definition
Freedom from mistakes or errors.
Term
adrenaline
Definition
The horomone epinephrine extractedfrom animals or prepared synthetically for medical purposes.
Term
asepsis
Definition
The state of being free of living pathogenic microorganisms.
Term
apathy
Definition
Lack of feeling or emotion.
Term
debilitating
Definition
To impair the strength of.
Term
endotracheal
Definition
Applied or effected through the trachea.
Term
enteric
Definition
Of, relating to, or affecting the intestines.
Term
equilibrium
Definition
A state of balance between two opposing forces.
Term
inflammation
Definition
A local response to cellular injury that is marked by capillary dialation, leukocytic infiltration,redness, heat,pain, swelling, and often loss of function and that serves as a mechanism initiating the elimination of noxious agents and of damaged tissue.
Term
frequency
Definition
The number of repeptitions of a periodic process in a unit of time.
Term
incotinent
Definition
Unable to restrain natural discharges or evacuations of urine or feces.
Term
hemmorhoids
Definition
Masses of dialated veins in swollen tissue at the margin of the anus or nearby within the rectum.
Term
dehydration
Definition
An abnormal depletion of body fluids.
Term
enema
Definition
The injection of liquid into the intestine by way of the anus (for cleansing or examination).
Term
feces
Definition
Bodily waste discharged through the anus.
Term
impaction
Definition
A solid, immobile bulk of human feces that can develop innthe rectum as a result of chronic constipation.
Term
diarrhea
Definition
Abnormally frequent instestinal evacuations with more or less fluid stools.
Term
flatus
Definition
Gas generated in the stomach or bowels.
Term
suppository
Definition
A solid but readily meltable cone or cylinder of usually medicated material for insertion into the retum.
Term
colostomy
Definition
Surgical formation of an artificial anus by connecting the colon to an opening in the abdominal wall.
Term
urethra
Definition
The canal that in most mammals carries off the urine from the bladder and in the male serves also as a passageway for semen.
Term
prostate
Definition
A firm partly muscular partly glandular body that is situated about the base of the mammalian male urethra and secretes and alkaline viscid fluid which is a major consitutent of the ejaculatory fluid.
Term
meatus
Definition
A nautral body passage such as a canal or duct.
Term
urinalysis
Definition
Chemical analysis of urine.
Term
retention
Definition
Abnormal retaining of a fluid or secretion in a body cavity.
Term
oliguria
Definition
Reduced excretion of urine.
Term
polyuria
Definition
Excessive secretion of urine.
Term
micturition
Definition
Urination.
Term
voiding
Definition
To eliminate solid or liquid waste from the body.
Term
catheter
Definition
A tubular medical device for insertion into canals, vessels, passageways, or body cavities for diagnostic or theraputic purposes (as to permit injection or withdrawal of fluids or to keep a passage open.
Term
peristalsis
Definition
Succesive waves of involuntary contractions passing along the walls of a hollow muscular structure and forcing the contents onward.
Term
sphincter
Definition
An annular muscle surrounding and able to contract or close a body opening.
Term
defecation
Definition
Discharge of feces.
Term
gavage
Definition
Introduction of material into the stomach by a tube.
Term
flatulence
Definition
The quality or state of being flatulent (gassy).
Term
graphic
Definition
Vividly or plainly shown or described.
Term
comatose
Definition
Of, resembling, or affected with coma (an extended period of unconsciousness).
Term
mottling
Definition
The appearance of spots and blotches of different shades of colors.
Term
rigor mortis
Definition
The temporary rigidity of the muscles occuring after death.
Term
post-mortem
Definition
After death.
Term
moribund
Definition
Being in the state of dying, approaching death.
Term
denial
Definition
A psychologica defense mechanism in which confrontation with a personal problem or with reality is avoided by denying the existence of the problem or reality (First Stage of Grief).
Term
acceptance
Definition
Acknowledging reality and beginning to move on (Fifth Stage of Grief).
Term
bargaining
Definition
Trying to negotiate to avoid to postpone death. (Third Stage)
Term
anger
Definition
A strong feeling of displeasure and usually of antagonism. (Second Stage)
Term
grieving
Definition
To feel grief (sadness over a loss).
Term
jaundice
Definition
A yellowish pigmentation of the skin, tissues, and certain body fluids caused by the deposition of bile pigments that follows interference with normal production and discharge of bile (as in liver diseases) or excessive breakdown of red blood cells (as after internal hemmorhage or in various hemolytic states).
Term
mediastinum
Definition
The space in tge chest between the pleural sacs of the lungs that contain all the viscera except the lungs and pleurae.
Term
temperature
Definition
The degree of heat that is natura to a living body.
Term
neoplasm
Definition
A new growth of tissue serving no physiological function.
Term
recieve
Definition
To come into posession of.
Term
pharynx
Definition
The muscular tubular passage of the digestive and respiratory tracts that extends from the back of the nasal cavity and mouth to the esophagus.
Term
peritoneum
Definition
The smooth transparent serous membrane that lines that cavity of the abdomen of a mammal andnis folded inward over the abdomen and pelvic viscera.
Term
pathogen
Definition
A specific causative agent of a disease.
Term
rapport
Definition
A conscious feeling of accord, trust, empathy, and mutual responsiveness between two or more persons that fosters the therapeutic process.
Term
senescent
Definition
The state of being old.
Term
sterilization
Definition
The process of freeing something from living microorganisms.
Term
transmission
Definition
The act, process, or instance of transmitting something.
Term
aneurysm
Definition
An abnormal blood-filled dialation of a blood vessel and especially an artery resulting from disease of the vessel wall.
Term
attitude
Definition
The arrangement of the parts of the body (posture).
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