Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Medical Terminology
Unit 2 Quiz Review Sheet
267
Nursing
Not Applicable
10/01/2011

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
-ago
Definition
means diseased condition
Term
-al
Definition
means pertaining to
Term
-ar
Definition
means pertaining to
Term
-asthenia
Definition
means weakness on lack of strength
Term
-cele
Definition
means hernia
Term
-ceps
Definition
means head
Term
-clasis
Definition
means to break
Term
-desis
Definition
means the bind on tie together
Term
-desis
Definition
means surgical fixation of bone on joint
Term
-dynia
Definition
means pain
Term
-esthesia
Definition
means sensation or feeling
Term
-graphy
Definition
means the process of producing a picture on record
Term
-iatrist
Definition
means specialist
Term
-ic
Definition
means pertaining to
Term
-ion
Definition
means condition or state of; action
Term
-ist
Definition
means specialist
Term
-lysis
Definition
means loosening on setting free
Term
-malcacia
Definition
means abnormal softening
Term
-nedrosis
Definition
means tissue death
Term
-osis
Definition
means abnormal condition or disease
Term
-otomy
Definition
means surgical incision
Term
-paresis
Definition
means partial or incomplete paralysis
Term
-path
Definition
means disease
Term
-penia
Definition
means deficiency
Term
-phasia
Definition
means speech
Term
-plegia
Definition
means paralysis
Term
-poietic
Definition
means pertaining to formation
Term
-sclerosis
Definition
means abnormal hardning
Term
-um
Definition
is a noun ending
Term
-us
Definition
is a singular noun ending
Term
a-
Definition
means without
Term
ab-
Definition
means away from
Term
abducens
Definition
is a muscle that moves a part away from the midline
Term
abduction
Definition
is the movement of a limb away from the mideline of the body
Term
acromion
Definition
is an extension of the scapula that forms the high point of the shoulder
Term
acrophobia
Definition
is an excessive fear of being in high places
Term
adduction
Definition
is the movement of a limb toward the midline of the body
Term
agoraphobia
Definition
is an excessive fear of situations in which having a panic attack seems likely and/or dangerous or embarrassing
Term
allogenic
Definition
means originating withing another
Term
an-
Definition
means without
Term
anatomy
Definition
is the study of the structures of the body
Term
ankyl
Definition
means crooked, bent or stiff
Term
arachnoid
Definition
means having to do with spiders
Term
arachnoid membranes
Definition
resembles a spider web, is the second layer of the meninges & is located between the dura mater & the pia mater
Term
arthr/o
Definition
means joint
Term
arthritis
Definition
is an inflammation condition of one or more joints
Term
arthrodesis
Definition
is the surgical fusion (joining together) of two bones to stiffen a joint, such as an akle, elbow on shoulder

also known as surgical ankylosis
Term
arthroplasty
Definition
the surgical placement of an artificial joint
Term
ascending nerve tracts
Definition
carry nerve impulses toward the brain
Term
aste
Definition
means bone
Term
aste
Definition
means bone
Term
asteoplasty
Definition
is the surgical repair of a bone or bones
Term
ataxia
Definition
is the inability to coordinate muscle activity during voluntary movements
Term
atonic
Definition
means lacking normal muscle tone or strength
Term
attention deficit disorder
Definition
is characterized by a short attention span & impulsive behavior that is appropriate for the childs development age
Term
autologous
Definition
means originating within an individual
Term
autonomic nervous system
Definition
controls the involuntary actions of the body such as the functioning of internal organs
Term
axon
Definition
is a process that extends away from the cell body & conducts impulses away from the nerve cell
Term
bell's palsy
Definition
is the temporary paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve that causes paralysis only of the affected side of the face
Term
bi-
Definition
means two
Term
bifida
Definition
means split
Term
bipolar disorder
Definition
is a condition characterized by cycles shifting from highs (manic behavior) & severe lows (depression)that affect a person's attitude, energy & ability to function
Term
bleed
Definition
blood vessels leaks, also occurs when an aneurism within the brain ruptures
Term
brady-
Definition
means slow
Term
bradykinesia
Definition
is extreme slowness in movement
Term
brainstem
Definition
is the stalk-like portion of the brain that connects the cerebral hemispheres with the spinal cord. made up of 3 parts: midbrain, pons & medulla
Term
burs
Definition
means bursa
Term
bursa
Definition
is a fibrous sac that acts as a coushin to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction such as in the shoulder, elbow and knee joints where a tendon passes over a bone
Term
bursectomy
Definition
is the surgical removal of a bursa
Term
carpal
Definition
means pertaining to the wrist
Term
carpals
Definition
the bones (8)that form the wrist
Term
carpi
Definition
means wrist or wrist bones
Term
caus
Definition
means burning
Term
central nervous system (CNS)
Definition
includes the brain & spinal cord; functions - to receive & process information & to regulate all bodily activity
Term
cephal
Definition
means head
Term
cerebellum
Definition
is located in the lower back of the cranium below the cerebrum; coordinates muscular activity & balance for smooth & steady movements
Term
cerebr
Definition
means brain
Term
cerebral palsy
Definition
is a condition characterized by poor muscle control spasticity, speech defects & other neurologic deficiencies due to damage that affects the cerebrum
Term
cerebrum
Definition
is the largest & uppermost portion of the brain; responsible for all thought, judgement memory & emotion
Term
chondr/o
Definition
means cartilage
Term
chondroplasty
Definition
is the surgical repair of damaged cartilage
Term
circumduction
Definition
is the circular movement of a limb at the far end
Term
claustrophobia
Definition
is an abnormal fear of being in narrow or enclosed spaces
Term
clavicle
Definition
a slender bone that connects the manubrium of the sternum to the scapula; also known as the collar bone
Term
clon
Definition
means violent action
Term
closed fracture
Definition
is one in which the bone is broken but there is no open wound in the skin; also known as a simple fracture or a complete fracture
Term
closed reduction
Definition
is the attempted realignment of the bone involved in a fracture on joint dislocation

also knows a manipulation
Term
comminuted fracture
Definition
is one in which the bone is splintered or crushed
Term
compact bone
Definition
is the dense, hand, and very strong bone that forms the protective outer layer of bones
Term
compression fracture
Definition
occurs when the bone is pressed together (compressed) on itself. caused by spontaneous collaspe of weakened vertebrae or injury
Term
concuss
Definition
means shaken together
Term
contus
Definition
means bruise
Term
cost/o
Definition
means rib
Term
cranium
Definition
portion of the skull that encloses the brain, made up of 8 bones- frontal bone, parietal bones, occipital bone, temporal bones, spheniod bone, ethmoid bone
Term
demyelination
Definition
is the loss of patches of the protective myelin sheath
Term
dendrites
Definition
are root-like processes that receive impulses & conduct them to the cell body
Term
depression
Definition
is the act of lowering a body part, such as lowering the ribs when breathing out
Term
descending nerve tracts
Definition
carry nerve impulses away from the brain
Term
dorsiflexion
Definition
is the movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle
Term
duct
Definition
means to lead
Term
dura
Definition
means hard
Term
dura mater
Definition
is the thick, though outermost membrane of the meninges
Term
dys-
Definition
means bad
Term
dystonia
Definition
is a condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement
Term
ech/o
Definition
means sound
Term
echoencephalography
Definition
is the used of ultrasound imaging to diagnose a shift in the midline structures of the brain
Term
electr/ o
Definition
means electricity
Term
electroencephalography
Definition
is the process of recording the electrical activity of the brain throught the use of electrodes attached to the scalp
Term
electroneuromyography
Definition
is a diagnostic procedure for testing & recording neuromuscular activity by the electric stimulation of the nerve trunk that carries fibers to & from the muscle; also known as nerve conduction studies
Term
elevation
Definition
is the act of raising or lifting a body part, such as raising the ribs when breathing in
Term
encephal/o
Definition
means brain
Term
end-
Definition
means within
Term
endosteum
Definition
is the tissue that lines the meduallary cavity
Term
epi-
Definition
means on
Term
epilepsy
Definition
is a chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent episodes of seizures of varying severity
Term
ergonomics
Definition
is the study of the human factions that affect the design and operation of tools and the whole enviroment
Term
esthesi
Definition
means feeling
Term
ex-
Definition
means away from
Term
extension
Definition
is a muscle that straightens a limb at a joint
Term
extension
Definition
means increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening of a limb
Term
fasci
Definition
means fascia
Term
fascioplasty
Definition
is the surgical repair of fascia
Term
fasciotomy
Definition
is a surgical incision through fascia to relieve tension on pressure
Term
fascitis
Definition
is inflammation of a fascia

also spelled fascitis
Term
femur
Definition
is the upper leg bone
also known as the thigh bone
largest bone in the body
Term
fibr/o
Definition
means fibrous connective tissue
Term
fibromyalgia syndrome
Definition
is a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatique, diffuse & or specific muscle, joint or bone pain & a wide range of other symptoms
Term
flex
Definition
means to bend
Term
flexion
Definition
means decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint
Term
foramen
Definition
is an opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass
Term
fracture
Definition
is a broken bone
Term
ganglion
Definition
is a nerve center made up of a cluster of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system
Term
glial cells
Definition
provide support & protection for neurons, & their four main functions are: (1) surrond neurons & hold them in place (2) supply nutrients & oxygen to neurons (3)insulate 1 neuron from another & (4) to destroy & remove dead neurons
Term
gouty arthritis
Definition
a type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid in the joints

also known as gout
Term
greenstick fracture
Definition
is one in which the bone is bent & only partially broken; also known as incomplete fracture
Term
hallux valgus
Definition
is an abnormal enlaergement of joint a the base of the great toe; also known bunion
Term
hem/o
Definition
means blood
Term
hemat
Definition
means blood
Term
hemi-
Definition
means half
Term
hemipanresis
Definition
is slight paraylsis or weakness affecting one side of the body
Term
hemiplegia
Definition
is total paralysis affecting only one side of the body
Term
hemorrhagic stroke
Definition
also known as a bleed, occurs when blood vessel in the brain leaks
Term
humerus
Definition
is the bone of the upper arm
Term
hydrocephalus
Definition
is a condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the ventricles of the brain
Term
hyper
Definition
means excessive
Term
hyperextension
Definition
is the extreme or overextension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit
Term
hyperkinesia
Definition
is abnormaly increased muscle function on activity

also known as hyperactivity
Term
hypertonia
Definition
is a condition of excessice tone of the skeletal muscles
Term
hypo
Definition
means deficient
Term
ili
Definition
means ilium
Term
insertion
Definition
which is the more moveable attachment, is the place where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon
Term
ischemic
Definition
means pertaining tot he disruption of the blood supply
Term
ischemic stroke
Definition
most common, occurs when the flow of blood to the brain is blocked
Term
kines
Definition
means movement
Term
kyph
Definition
means hump
Term
kyphosis
Definition
is an abnormal increase in the outward curatureof the thoracic spine as viewed from the side

also known as humback or downagen's hump
Term
lacrimal bones
Definition
make up the part of the orbit at the inner angle of the eye
Term
ligaments
Definition
bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connection one bone to another bone on joinin a bone to cartilage
Term
lord
Definition
means bent backward
Term
lordosis
Definition
is an abnormal increase in forward curvature of the lumbar spine; also known as swayback
Term
lumb
Definition
means lumbar
Term
lumbar
Definition
means relating to the part of the back & sides between the ribs & the pelvis
Term
lumbar puncture
Definition
is the process of obtaining a sample of cerebrospinal fluid by inserting a needle into the subarachnoid space of the lumbar region to withdraw fluid. also known as spinal tap
Term
mandible
Definition
is the only movable bone of the skull, also known as the jawbone
Term
mater
Definition
means mother
Term
maxillary bones
Definition
also known as the maxillae from most of the upper jaw
Term
medulla
Definition
which is located at the lowest part of the brainstem is connected to the spinal cord
Term
medullary cavity
Definition
is located in the shaft of a long bone and is surrounded by compact bone
Term
mening/o
Definition
means meninges
Term
meningitis
Definition
is an inflammation of the meninges of the brain & spinal cord
Term
multiple sclerosis
Definition
is a progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation that causes demyelination of the myelin sheath
Term
muscul
Definition
means muscle
Term
muscular dystrophy
Definition
describes a group of more than 30 genetic disease that are characterized by prgressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement
Term
myasthenia
Definition
means muscle weakness
Term
myasthenia gravis
Definition
is a chronis autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuoscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles
Term
myel
Definition
means bone marrow; spinal cord
Term
myelin sheath
Definition
is the protective covering made up of glial cells
Term
myelography
Definition
is a radiographic study of the spinal cord after the injection of a contrast medium through a lumbar puncture
Term
myolysis
Definition
is the degeration of muscle tissue
Term
myoparesis
Definition
is a weakness or slight muscular paralysis
Term
myorrhaphy
Definition
is the surgical suturing a muscle wound
Term
neurorrhaphy
Definition
is surgically suturing together the ends of a severed nerve
Term
neurotomy
Definition
is a surgical incision or the dissection of a nerve
Term
neurotransmitters
Definition
are chemical substances that make it possiblel for messages to cross from the synaspe of a neuron to the target receptor
Term
oblique
Definition
means slanted on at an angle
Term
oblique fracture
Definition
occurs at an angle across the bone
Term
obsessive-compulsive disorder
Definition
is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, unwanted obsessions and/or recurrent compulsions
Term
open fracture
Definition
is one in which the bone is broken & there is an open wound in the skin; also known as compound fracture
Term
origin
Definition
which is the less moveable attachment, is the place where the muscle begins
Term
oste/o
Definition
means bone
Term
ostealgia
Definition
means pain in a bone; also known as osteodynia
Term
osteitis
Definition
an inflammation of bone
Term
osteoarthritis
Definition
is most commonly associated with aging; also known as wear-and-tear arthritis
Term
osteomalacia
Definition
is a abnormal softening of bones in adults; also known as adult rickets
Term
osteonecrosis
Definition
is the death of bone tissue due to a lack of insufficient blood supply
Term
osteoplasty
Definition
is the surgical repair of a bone or bones
Term
ostgeomyelites
Definition
is an inflammation of the bone marrow & adjacent bone
Term
par-
Definition
means abnormal
Term
paraplegia
Definition
is the paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body
Term
patella
Definition
is the bony arterior portion of the knee

also known as the kneecap
Term
pathologic fracture
Definition
occurs when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain
Term
peri-
Definition
means surrounding
Term
periosteum
Definition
is the tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone
Term
periostitis
Definition
is an inflammation of hte periosteum; often associated with shin splits
Term
peripheral
Definition
means pertaining to body parts that are away from the center of the body
Term
pia
Definition
means tender or delicate
Term
pia mater
Definition
which is the third layer of the meninges, is located nearest to the brain & spinal cord
Term
plantar flexion
Definition
is the movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle
Term
plexus
Definition
is a network of intersecting spinal nerves
Term
pod
Definition
means fast
Term
poly-
Definition
means many
Term
por
Definition
means small opening
Term
pronation
Definition
is the act of rotation the arm or leg so that palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward or backward
Term
psych
Definition
means mind
Term
quadr/ i
Definition
means four
Term
quariplegia
Definition
is paralysis of all four extremities
Term
radicul/o
Definition
means nerve root
Term
radius
Definition
is the smaller & shorter bone in the forearm. runs up the thumb side of the forearm
Term
rectus
Definition
means in straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body
Term
red bone marrow
Definition
is located within the spongy bone is hemopoietictissue that manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes
Term
rheumatoid arthritis
Definition
chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints & some organs of other body system are attacked
Term
rotation
Definition
is a circulation movement around an axis such as the shoulder joint
Term
sacr/o
Definition
means sacrum
Term
sarc/o
Definition
means flash
Term
sarcopenia
Definition
is the loss of muscle mass, strength and function that comes with aging
Term
scapula
Definition
also known as the shoulder blade
Term
schizophrenia
Definition
is a psychotic disorder usually characterized by withdrawal from reality, illogical patterns of thinking, delusions & hallucinations & accompanied in varying degrees by other emotional, behavioral or intellectual disturbances
Term
sciatica
Definition
is inflammation of the sciatic nerve that results in pain, burning & tingling along the course of the affected sciatic nerve through the thigh, leg & foot
Term
scoli
Definition
means curved
Term
scoliosis
Definition
means is an abnormal lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine
Term
son/o
Definition
means sound
Term
sphincter
Definition
is a ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway
Term
spina
Definition
means pertaining to the spine
Term
spina bifida
Definition
is a congenital defect that occures during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it
Term
spiral fracture
Definition
is a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart
Term
spondyl/ o
Definition
means vertebrae
Term
spongy bone
Definition
is lighter and not as strong as compact bone
Term
sprain
Definition
is an injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist that usually involves a stretched or torn ligament
Term
sternum
Definition
forms the middle of the front of rib cage & is divided into three parts; also known as the breastbone
Term
stress fracture
Definition
is an overuse injury, is a small crack in the bone that often develops from chronic, excessive impact
Term
supination
Definition
is the act of rotating the arm or the leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned forward or upward
Term
synapse
Definition
is the space between two neurons or between a neuron & a receptor organ
Term
synov
Definition
means synovial membrane
Term
synovectomy
Definition
is the surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint
Term
talipes
Definition
describes any congenital deformity of the foot involving the talus (ankle bones) known as clubfoot
Term
talus
Definition
the anklebone that articulates with the tibia and fibula
Term
tax
Definition
means coordination
Term
ten/o
Definition
means tendon
Term
tendinitis
Definition
is an inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of the joint
Term
tenectomy
Definition
is the surgical resection of a portion of a tendon on tendon sheath

also known as tenonectomy
Term
tenodesis
Definition
is the surgical suturing of the end tendon to a bone
Term
tenolysis
Definition
is the release of a tendon from adhesions
Term
tenorrhaphy
Definition
is surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendo
Term
tens
Definition
means to stretch out
Term
thalam
Definition
means thalamus
Term
thoracic
Definition
means pertaining to the thoracic cavity
Term
tic
Definition
is a spasmodic muscular contraction that often involves parts of the face
Term
ton
Definition
means tone
Term
total knee replacement (TKR)
Definition
means that all of the parts of the knee were placed

also known as total knee arthroplasty
Term
transient ischemic attack
Definition
pronounced as T-I-A, is the temporary interruption in the blood supply to the brain
Term
transverse
Definition
means is a crosswise direction
Term
transverse fracture
Definition
occurs straight across the bone
Term
tri-
Definition
means three
Term
ultra-
Definition
means beyond
Term
uric acid
Definition
is a byproduct that is normally excreted by the kidneys
Term
visceral
Definition
means relating to the internal organs
Term
yellow boen marrow
Definition
which functions as a fat storage area, is composed chiefly of fat cells and is located in the medullay cavity
Supporting users have an ad free experience!