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Medical Terminology
Organization of the Body
61
Medical
Graduate
03/29/2009

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Term
Adrenal
Definition
At, near, or on the kidneys., Of or relating to the adrenal glands or their secretions
Term
Anemia
Definition
Reduction below normal of the number of erythrocytes, quantity of hemoglobin, or the volume of packed red cells in the blood; a symptom of various diseases and disorders
Term
Anterior- 
Definition
at or directed toward the front; opposite of posterior
Term
Anterolateral- 
Definition
situated anteriorly and to one side
Term
Anteromedian
Definition
In front and in the central line
Term
Anteroposterior-
Definition
directed from the front toward the back
Term
Anterosuperior
Definition
situated in front and above
Term
Antibody
Definition
an immunoglobulin molecule that reacts with a specific antigen that induced its synthesis and with similar molecules; classified according to mode of action as agglutinin, bacteriolysin, hemolysin, opsonin, or precipitin. Antibodies are synthesized by B lymphocytes that have been activated by the binding of an antigen to a cell-surface receptor.
Term
Anticoagulant
Definition
acting to suppress, delay, or nullify blood coagulation, or an agent that does this
Term
Anuria
Definition
The absence of urine formation
Term
Ascites
Definition
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
Term
Blepharitis
Definition
Inflammation of the eyelids.
Term
Blepharospasm
Definition
Spasmodic winking caused by the involuntary contraction of an eyelid muscle
Term
Caudad
Definition
directed toward the tail or distal end; opposite to cephalad
Term
Centrifuge
Definition
n. An apparatus consisting essentially of a compartment spun about a central axis to separate contained materials of different densities, or to separate colloidal particles suspended in a liquid. v. To rotate something in a centrifuge or to separate, dehydrate, or test by means of this apparatus.
Term
Coagulation
Definition
formation of a clot
Term
Cranial
Definition
-  pertaining to the cranium….toward the head end of the body; a synonym of superior in humans and other bipeds
Term
Dacryocystitis
Definition
is an inflammation of the tear sac (lacrimal sac) at the inner corner of the eye.
Term
Dacryolithiasis
Definition
the formation and presence of a lacrimal calculus
Term
Dactylography
Definition
the study of fingerprints
Term
Distal
Definition
remote; farther from any point of reference/origin
Term
Dorsal
Definition
pertaining to the back
Term
???Embilicus-  Umbilicus
Definition
the navel, the scar marking the site of attachment of the umbilical cord in the fetus
Term
Erythropoietin
Definition
a glycoprotein hormone secreted by the kidney in the adult and by the liver in the fetus, which acts on stem cells of the bone marrow to stimulate red blood cell production (erythropoiesis).
Term
Exocrine
Definition
secreting externally via a duct….denoting such a gland or its secretion.
Term
Hematuria
Definition
blood (erythrocytes) in the urine
Term
Hemodialysis
Definition
removal of certain elements from the blood by virtue of the difference in rates of their diffusion through a semipermeable membrane while being circulated outside the body; the process involves both diffusion and ultrafiltration.
Term
Homeostasis- 
Definition
a tendency to equilibrium or stability in the normal physiological states of the organism
Term
Hydrocephalus
Definition
is an abnormal expansion of cavities (ventricles) within the brain that is caused by the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid.
Term
Immunocompromised
Definition
-  having the immune response attenuated by administration of immunosuppressive drugs, by irradiation, by malnutrition, or by certain disease processes
Term
Immunodeficiency- 
Definition
disorder in which part of the immune system is missing or defective…the body's ability to fight infections is impaired
Term
Inferior
Definition
situated below, or directed downward; in anatomy, used in reference to the lower surface of a structure, or to the lower of two (or more) similar structures
Term
Interstitial- 
Definition
pertaining to parts or interspaces of a tissue
Term
Intracellular
Definition
within a cell or cells.
Term
Lacrimal
Definition
pertaining to the tears
Term
Lacrimation
Definition
secretion and discharge of tears
Term
Laparoscope
Definition
an endoscope for examining the peritoneal cavity.
Term
Lateral
Definition
denoting a position farther from the median plane or midline of the body or a structure…pertaining to a side
Term
Leukocytosis
Definition
-  a condition characterized by an elevated number of white cells in the blood
Term
Leukopenia
Definition
reduction of the number of leukocytes in the blood below about 5000 per cubic mm
Term
Lymph
Definition
a transparent, usually slightly yellow, often opalescent liquid found within the lymphatic vessels, and collected from tissues in all parts of the body and returned to the blood via the lymphatic system. Its cellular component consists chiefly of lymphocytes
Term
Medial- 
Definition
situated toward the median plane or midline of the body or a structure…pertaining to the middle layer of structures
Term
Midsagittal Plane
Definition
aka median plane.  one passing longitudinally through the middle of the body from front to back, dividing it into right and left halves.
Term
Mucolytic
Definition
capable of reducing the viscosity of mucus, or an agent that so acts.
Term
Onychomycosis
Definition
a fungal infection of the fingernails or toenails. The actual infection is of the bed of the nail and of the plate under the surface of the nail.
Term
Pallor
Definition
paleness, as of the skin
Term
Peritoneum
Definition
the serous membrane lining the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities (parietal p.) and investing the contained viscera (visceral p.), the two layers enclosing a potential space, the peritoneal cavity.
Term
Peritonitis
Definition
an inflammation of the membrane which lines the inside of the abdomen and all of the internal organs. This membrane is called the peritoneum.
Term
Phagocyte
Definition
any cell that ingests microorganisms or other cells and foreign particles, such as a microphage, macrophage, or monocyte
Term
Plasma
Definition
the fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended…the fluid portion of the lymph
Term
Platelets
Definition
Fragments of a large precursor cell (a megakaryocyte) found in the bone marrow. These fragments adhere to areas of blood vessel damage and release chemical signals that direct the formation of a blood clot.
Term
Posterior- 
Definition
directed toward or situated at the back; opposite of anterior
Term
Proximal
Definition
nearest to a point of reference, as to a center or median line or to the point of attachment or origin
Term
Sialography
Definition
Radiographic examination of the salivary glands and ducts after the introduction of a radiopaque material into the ducts.
Term
Thoracentesis
Definition
Also known as pleural fluid analysis, thoracentesis is a procedure that removes fluid or air from the chest through a needle or tube
Term
Thoracic
Definition
pectoral; pertaining to the thorax (chest).
Term
Thoracotomy
Definition
pleurotomy; incision of the chest wall.
Term
Thrombopenia
Definition
aka thrombocytopenia is an abnormal drop in the number of blood cells involved in forming blood clots. These cells are called platelets.
Term
Thrombosis
Definition
-  the formation or presence of a thrombus (a stationary blood clot along the wall of a blood vessel, frequently causing vascular obstruction. Some authorities differentiate thrombus formation from simple coagulation or clot formation).
Term
Umbilical
Definition
-  Of or relating to the navel…Relating to the umbilical region of the abdomen.
Term
Ventral
Definition
pertaining to the abdomen or to any venter…directed toward or situated on the belly surface; opposite of dorsal.
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