Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Medical Terminology
Final Exam Terms
213
Medical
Undergraduate 1
05/01/2007

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
sebaceous glands
Definition
oil glands
Term
sudoriferous glands
Definition
sweat glands
Term
vitiligo
Definition
loss of pigment-producing cells which results in whitish areas of skin
Term
contusion
Definition
an injury to the skin causing discoloration and swelling without breaking the skin
Term
laceration
Definition
a torn or jagged wound
Term
vesicle
Definition
a small fluid-filled sac
Term
abscess
Definition
a larger collection of psu from a localized infection
Term
ecchymoses
Definition
purplish patches on the skin caused by leaking blood vessels
Term
petechiae
Definition
pinpoint skin hemmorhage
Term
papule
Definition
a small, solid elevation of the skin (no pus)
Term
nevus
Definition
circumscribed, pigmented area on the skin
Term
macule
Definition
a discolored spot on the skin
Term
jaundice
Definition
a yellowing of the skin
Term
arthritis
Definition
joint inflammation
Term
arthralgia
Definition
joint pain
Term
ankylosis
Definition
stiffness of a joint
Term
crepitus
Definition
the sound made by joints or ends of broken bones rubbing together
Term
ataxia
Definition
absence of balance/coordination
Term
atrophy
Definition
muscle wasting
Term
abduction
Definition
a movement which draws a limb away from the median of the body
Term
adduction
Definition
a movement which draws a limb towards the median of the body
Term
ilium
Definition
the large, flat bone of the hip
Term
arthroplasty
Definition
surgical joint repair
Term
arthrodesis
Definition
surgical joint fixation
Term
arthrotomy
Definition
surgical joint incision
Term
arthrocentesis
Definition
surgical joint puncture to aspirate fluid
Term
tendon
Definition
connects muscle to bone
Term
ligament
Definition
connects bone to bone
Term
bradykinesia
Definition
slowness in movement
Term
anesthesia
Definition
absence of sensation
Term
hemiplegia
Definition
paralysis on one side of the body
Term
quadriplegia
Definition
paralysis of all four limbs
Term
paraplegia
Definition
leg paralysis
Term
neuritis
Definition
nerve inflammation
Term
neuroma
Definition
nervous tissue cancer
Term
electroencephalography
Definition
the process of recording electrical brain impulses
Term
echoencephalography
Definition
using ultrasound waves to produce an image of the brain
Term
cerebral thrombosis
Definition
lodged blood clot in vessels supplying the brain
Term
cerebral aneurysm
Definition
abnormal brain blood vessel dilation
Term
cerebral embolism
Definition
floating blood clot in the brain
Term
neuralgia
Definition
nerve pain
Term
paresthesia
Definition
abnormal numbness/tingling with no objective cause
Term
hyperesthesia
Definition
increased sensitivity to stiumlation
Term
encephalitis
Definition
brain inflammation
Term
retina
Definition
contains photoreceptors
Term
choroid
Definition
connective tissue behind the retina
Term
conjunctiva
Definition
membrane that covers the outer eye surface and eyelid
Term
iris
Definition
colored part of the eye
Term
pupil
Definition
allows light to pass into the eye
Term
cataract
Definition
reduction in lens transparency
Term
dacryocystitis
Definition
tear sac inflammation
Term
dacryoadenitis
Definition
tear gland inflammation
Term
strabismus
Definition
crossed/drifting eye
Term
nystagmus
Definition
involuntary, rhythmic eye movements
Term
myopia
Definition
nearsightedness
Term
hyperopia
Definition
farsightedness
Term
anacusis
Definition
total hearing loss
Term
presbycusis
Definition
loss of hearing due to old age
Term
cerumen impaction
Definition
excessive buildup of earwax
Term
vertigo
Definition
sensation of dizziness
Term
tinnitus
Definition
ringing/buzzing in the ear
Term
myringitis
Definition
eardrum inflammation
Term
mastoiditis
Definition
infection/inflammation of the mastoid process
Term
tympanoplasty
Definition
surgical eardrum repair
Term
otitis media
Definition
middle ear inflammation
Term
pinna
Definition
the external ear
Term
otorrhagia
Definition
bleeding from the ear
Term
otorrhea
Definition
abnormal drainage from the ear
Term
acromegaly
Definition
enlargement of bone structure most prominant in the face and hands - hypersecretion of growth hormone after puberty
Term
thyrotoxicosis
Definition
excessive thyroid hormone levels (extreme case)
Term
cretinism
Definition
congenital hypothyroidism - reduced mental development and dwarf-like structure
Term
adenopathy
Definition
large or "swollen" lymph nodes
Term
myxedema
Definition
advanced hypothyroidism in adults, sometimes causing thyroid gland atrophy
Term
tetany
Definition
deficiency of parathyroid hormon - producing low calcium levels - excitation of nerves and muscle spasms
Term
hirsutism
Definition
abnormal hairiness
Term
giantism
Definition
abnormal large stature
Term
dwarfism
Definition
abnormal small stature
Term
hypokalemia
Definition
abnormally low potassium levels in the blood
Term
parathyroidectomy
Definition
parathyroid removal
Term
diabetes insipidus
Definition
hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland: excessive thirst and urination
Term
diabetes mellitus
Definition
chronic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism due to a lack of insulin
Term
mitral/bicuspid valve
Definition
left atrioventricular valve
Term
tricuspid valve
Definition
right atrioventricular valve
Term
aortic valve
Definition
left semilunar valve
Term
myocardial infarction
Definition
death of a part of the heart muscle
Term
coronary arteriostenosis
Definition
narrowing of a heart artery
Term
cardiomyopathy
Definition
general term for disease of heart muscle
Term
cardiomegaly
Definition
abnormal heart enlargement
Term
cardiorrhexis
Definition
rupture of the heart wall
Term
angina pectoris
Definition
chest pain caused by an insufficient heart blood supply
Term
palpitation
Definition
pounding/racing/skipping heartbeat
Term
dysrhythmia
Definition
disturbance/abnormality of the heart's normal cycle
Term
electrocardiogram
Definition
recording of electrical heartbeat-associated events
Term
echocardiogram
Definition
using ultrasonic waves to create an image of the heart
Term
tetralogy of fallot
Definition
four defects resulting in bypass of the pulmonary circuit
Term
atrial septal defect
Definition
opening in the septum between the two atriums
Term
patent ductus arteriosus
Definition
opening between pulmonary artery and aorta
Term
epicardium
Definition
forms the outer heart wall layer
Term
pericardium
Definition
outer membrane surrounding the heart
Term
endocardium
Definition
thin layer of connective tissue - lines the heart chambers
Term
myocardium
Definition
the bulk of the heart wall - muscle tissue
Term
mononucleosis
Definition
"kissing disease"
Term
lymphoma
Definition
tumor of lymphatic tissue
Term
macrocytosis
Definition
abnormally large red blood cells
Term
microcytosis
Definition
abnormally small red blood cells
Term
hemolysis
Definition
red blood cell membrane rupture
Term
thrombolysis
Definition
process of dissolving a blood clot
Term
immunization
Definition
process in which an individual is exposed to an agent designed to fortify their immune system
Term
antibiotics
Definition
theraputic treatment - effective for killing bacteria
Term
iron deficiency anemia
Definition
lack of iron, causing smaller red blood cells
Term
aplastic anemia
Definition
low counts of all three blood cell types (red, white, platelets)
Term
pernicious anemia
Definition
inadequate supply of folic acid: erythrocytes large, irregular shape, and reduced number
Term
platelets
Definition
prevent fluid loss after an injury
Term
nosocomial infections
Definition
infections received during a hospital stay
Term
pneumonia
Definition
alveoli filled with fluid (soft lung tissue inflammation)
Term
bronchi
Definition
the two "trees" that come off of the trachea
Term
hypoxemia
Definition
deficient O2 levels in the blood
Term
pneumoconiosis
Definition
lung inflammation from inhaling fine particles (reduces alveolar "stretching")
Term
bronchioles
Definition
microscopic tubules at the end of the bronchial trees
Term
hypoxia
Definition
deficient O2 levels in tissues throughout the body
Term
pleura
Definition
the membranes around the lung
Term
tracheotomy
Definition
incision into the trachea
Term
hypocapnia
Definition
deficient CO2 levels in the blood
Term
diaphragm
Definition
the muscle that expands/contracts the lungs
Term
pulmonary edema
Definition
fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles
Term
pulmonary embolism
Definition
blockage in the pulmonary circuit
Term
larynx
Definition
the "voicebox"
Term
hypopnea
Definition
shallow breathing
Term
atelectasis
Definition
collapsed lung
Term
pharynx
Definition
the throat
Term
anoxia
Definition
absence of O2
Term
ileus
Definition
3rd small intestine segment, sends food to the large intestine
Term
hiatal hernia
Definition
stomach protrusion into the diaphragm
Term
inguinal hernia
Definition
small intestine tube protruding through the abdominal wall in the groin region
Term
umbilical hernia
Definition
intestine loop protrusion in naval region
Term
dyspepsia
Definition
indigestion
Term
dysphagia
Definition
difficulty swallowing
Term
liver
Definition
the organ responsible for the production of bile, the recycling of red blood cell components, and the removal of toxins from the blood
Term
gallbladder
Definition
small sac that receives and stores bile from the liver
Term
pancreas
Definition
produces digestive enzymes that are delivered to the small intestine
Term
volvulus
Definition
intestinal twisting that leads to obstruction
Term
intussusception
Definition
intestine infolding within another segment
Term
antiemetic
Definition
drug that stops/prevents vomiting
Term
laparoscopy
Definition
inspecting the peritoneal cavity using a modified endoscope
Term
gastroscopy
Definition
visual stomach examination
Term
colostomy
Definition
creating a new opening for solid wastes to exit the body
Term
stomatitis
Definition
mouth inflammation
Term
glossitis
Definition
tongue inflammation
Term
parotitis
Definition
parotid inflammation
Term
hemorrhoids
Definition
swollen vein in the anus
Term
polyps
Definition
abnormal mass of tissue that projects outward from a wall in the body
Term
dysuria
Definition
difficulty or pain in urination
Term
hemodialysis
Definition
procedure that removes nitrogenous wastes/excess ions from the blood
Term
nocturia
Definition
urination at night
Term
polyuria
Definition
excessive urination
Term
nephroplithiasis
Definition
presence of kidney stones
Term
hydronephrosis
Definition
condition of water in a kidney
Term
lithotripsy
Definition
surgical technique for crushing stones
Term
ureter
Definition
spaghetti-size tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
Term
urethra
Definition
drains urine from the floor of the bladder to the outside of the body
Term
ureterostenosis
Definition
ureter narrowing
Term
urinary retention
Definition
inability to urinate
Term
incontinence
Definition
involuntary urine discharge
Term
cystoscopy
Definition
visual bladder examination
Term
gonorrhea
Definition
STD that causes ulcer-like lesions on mucous membranes and skin of genital region - characterized by urethral discharge
Term
chlamydia
Definition
the most common bacteria-caused STD in North America
Term
seminiferous tubules
Definition
site of sperm creation
Term
seminal vesicles
Definition
secrete ~70% of the fluid in semen
Term
priapism
Definition
an abnormally persisten erection (drug overdose)
Term
phimosis
Definition
congenital prepuce opening narrowing that prevents it from being drawn back over the glans penis
Term
orchidopexy
Definition
surgical testis fixation
Term
orchidectomy
Definition
surgical testis removal
Term
aspermia
Definition
inability to produce or ejaculate sperm
Term
azoospermia
Definition
not having any measurable level of sperm in semen
Term
orchitis
Definition
testis inflammation
Term
prostate gland
Definition
surrounds the urethra and secretes a milky alkaline fluid that contributes to semen
Term
bulbourethral gland
Definition
secretes pre-ejaculate
Term
colposcopy
Definition
endoscopic vagina (and cervix) examination
Term
mastectomy
Definition
surgical breast removal
Term
menarche
Definition
the first menses (period)
Term
dysmenorrhea
Definition
painful menstruation
Term
menorrhagia
Definition
excessive bleeding during menstruation
Term
metrorrhagia
Definition
discharge (bleeding) from the uterus at any time other than normal menstruation
Term
menometrorrhagia
Definition
excessive bleeding not during menstruation
Term
mastitis
Definition
breast inflammation
Term
mastoptosis
Definition
breast sagging
Term
salpingo-oophorectomy
Definition
fallopian tube and ovary excision (usually the same side)
Term
hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy
Definition
uterus, fallopian tube, and ovary excision
Term
hysterosalpingogram
Definition
radioopaque dye is injected and then spillage is monitered
Term
salpingitis
Definition
fallopian tube inflammation
Term
cesarean section
Definition
surgical delivery by making an incision through the abdomen and uterus
Term
primigravida
Definition
a woman in her first pregnancy
Term
primipara
Definition
a woman who has just given her first birth
Term
lactogenic
Definition
producing milk
Term
zygote
Definition
the fertilized (diploid) ovum
Term
fetus
Definition
the developing human from the 8th week until birth
Term
embryo
Definition
the developing human from the second day after conception until the 8th week
Term
abruptio placentae
Definition
premature separation of the placent from the uterine wall
Term
placenta previa
Definition
abnormal attachment of the placenta near the cervix
Term
adnexa
Definition
the appendages of the uterus
Term
endometriosis
Definition
endometrial tissue grows in various locations in the pelvic cavity and responds to monthly signals
Term
endometritis
Definition
endometrium inflammation
Term
stomy
Definition
forming an opening
Term
otomy
Definition
division, surgical incision
Term
osis
Definition
abnormal condition (usually blood cells)
Term
opsy
Definition
look/appearance
Term
myc/o
Definition
fungus
Term
onych/o
Definition
pertaining to the nails
Term
malacia
Definition
abnormal softening
Term
myel/o
Definition
spinal cord
Term
desis
Definition
binding/fusion of a bone/joint
Term
stomat/o
Definition
mouth
Term
gynec
Definition
woman
Supporting users have an ad free experience!