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Medical Terminology
Gastrointestinal system terms
80
Medical
Undergraduate 1
04/16/2007

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Term
bile
Definition
green fluid that breaks down fats - delivered to the small intestine
Term
cecum
Definition
receives material from the small intestine
Term
colon
Definition
the bulk of the large intestine
Term
duodenum
Definition
the tube that leads from the stomach to the small intestine
Term
esophagus
Definition
carries food to the stomach by smooth muscle contractions (peristalsis)
Term
lower esophageal sphincter
Definition
muscle at bottom of esophagus that leads into the stomach
Term
gastrointestinal tract
Definition
long, winding tube that carries food through the system
Term
ileum
Definition
3rd small intestine segment, sends food to the large intestine
Term
jejunum
Definition
middle small intestine segment
Term
palate
Definition
the roof of the mouth
Term
pancreas
Definition
produces digestive enzymes that are delivered to the small intestine
Term
peritoneum
Definition
membrane that lines the abdominal cavity
Term
pylorus/pyloric sphincter
Definition
valve that empties food into the small intestine
Term
rectum
Definition
opens to the exterior via the anus
Term
uvula
Definition
grape-like structure at the back of the mouth
Term
gallbladder
Definition
small sac that receives and stores bile from the liver
Term
peristalsis
Definition
smooth muscle contractions that push food through the GI tract
Term
aphagia
Definition
inability to swallow
Term
ascites
Definition
accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
Term
diarrhea
Definition
frequent discharge of watery fecal material
Term
dyspepsia
Definition
indigestion
Term
dysphagia
Definition
difficulty swallowing
Term
flatus/flatulence
Definition
gas in GI tract that is released out the anus
Term
halitosis
Definition
bad breath
Term
hematemesis
Definition
vomiting blood
Term
hepatomegaly
Definition
liver enlargement
Term
jaundice/icterus
Definition
accumulation of bile pigments in the bloodstream; yellowish skin, eyes, etc.
Term
nausea
Definition
symptomatic urge to vomit
Term
adhesion
Definition
abnormal growth connecting 2 surfaces (after surgery)
Term
anorexia nervosa
Definition
personality disorder - extreme aversion to food
Term
appendicitis
Definition
appendix inflammation
Term
cholecystitis
Definition
gallbladder inflammation
Term
cholelithiasis
Definition
gallstones
Term
cirrhosis
Definition
a chronic, progressive liver disease; chronic hepatic cell failure (alcoholism/viral infection)
Term
colitis
Definition
colon inflammation
Term
diverticulitis
Definition
inflammation of abnormal small pouches in the wall of the colon
Term
diverticulosis
Definition
presence of abnormal small pouches in the wall of the colon
Term
enteritis
Definition
small intestine inflammation
Term
esophagitis
Definition
esophagus inflammation
Term
gastritis
Definition
stomach inflammation
Term
gastroenteritis
Definition
stomach/small intestine inflammation
Term
gastroesophageal reflux disease
Definition
recurring stomach content backflow
Term
Giardiasis
Definition
intestinal protozoa infection
Term
gingivitis
Definition
gum inflammation
Term
glossitis
Definition
tongue inflammation
Term
hemorrhoids
Definition
swollen veins in the anus
Term
hepatitis
Definition
liver inflammation
Term
hiatal hernia
Definition
stomach protrusion into the diaphragm
Term
ileitis
Definition
ileum inflammation
Term
ileus
Definition
an intestinal obstruction
Term
inguinal hernia
Definition
small intestine tube protruding through the abdominal wall in the groin region
Term
intussusception
Definition
intestine infolding within another segment
Term
pancreatitis
Definition
pancreas inflammation
Term
parotitis
Definition
parotid inflammation (mumps)
Term
peritonitis
Definition
peritoneum inflammation
Term
polyp
Definition
abnormal mass of tissue that projects outward from a wall in the body
Term
polyposis
Definition
presence of many polyps
Term
rectocele
Definition
rectum protrusion
Term
stomatitis
Definition
mouth inflammation
Term
umbilical hernia
Definition
intestine loop protrusion in naval region
Term
volvulus
Definition
intestinal twisting that leads to obstruction
Term
abdominoplasty
Definition
surgical abdomen repair
Term
antiemetic
Definition
drug that stops/prevents vomiting
Term
appendectomy
Definition
surgical appendix removal
Term
cholangiogram
Definition
x-ray image of bile ducts
Term
cholecystectomy
Definition
gallbladder excision
Term
choledocholithotomy
Definition
incision into the common bile duct
Term
colectomy
Definition
colon excision
Term
colonoscopy
Definition
visual colon examination
Term
colostomy
Definition
surgical colon opening creation (artificial anus)
Term
fecal occult blood test (guaiac test)
Definition
lab test to detect blood in feces
Term
gastric lavage
Definition
rinsing stomach with a saline solution
Term
gastroscopy
Definition
visual stomach examination
Term
glossorrhapy
Definition
tongue suture
Term
hemorrhoidectomy
Definition
hemorhoid excision
Term
herniorrhapy
Definition
surgical hernia repair using sutures
Term
polypectomy
Definition
polyp excision
Term
proctoscopy
Definition
visual rectal examination
Term
sigmoidoscopy
Definition
visual sigmoid colon examination
Term
uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
Definition
surgical uvula, palate, and pharynx repair
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