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Medical Terminology
Respiratory System terms
79
Medical
Undergraduate 1
04/07/2007

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Term
alveoli
Definition
site of gas exchange
Term
bronchi
Definition
air tubes that branch off in the lungs
Term
bronchioles
Definition
microscopic tubes at the ends of the bronchial trees
Term
diaphragm
Definition
the muscle that causes the lungs to expand/contract
Term
glottis
Definition
the opening into the larynx
Term
epiglottis
Definition
cartilage of the glottis that closes when swallowing
Term
inspiration
Definition
inhaling
Term
respiration
Definition
delivering oxygen to blood cells
Term
larynx
Definition
the "voicebox"
Term
pharynx
Definition
muscular chamber that receives incoming air and food (throat)
Term
pleura (visceral and parietal)
Definition
the two lung membranes
Term
pleural cavity
Definition
the cavity between the two lung membranes
Term
trachea
Definition
the windpipe, extends from the larynx to the bronchi
Term
expiration
Definition
exhaling
Term
ventilation
Definition
the process of breathing in and out
Term
anoxia
Definition
abscence of oxygen
Term
aphonia
Definition
loss of voice
Term
apnea
Definition
inability to breathe
Term
bradypnea
Definition
slow breathing
Term
bronchospasm
Definition
airway narrowing - smooth muscle contraction
Term
dysphonia
Definition
horseness of the voice
Term
dyspnea
Definition
difficulty breathing
Term
epistaxis/rhinorrhagia
Definition
nosebleed
Term
eupnea
Definition
normal breathing
Term
hemoptysis
Definition
coughing up blood from the lungs
Term
hemothorax
Definition
blood in the pleural cavity
Term
hypercapnia/hypercarbia
Definition
excessive CO2 in the blood
Term
hyperpnea
Definition
deep breathing
Term
hyperventilation
Definition
excessive air movement in and out of lungs
Term
hypocapnia
Definition
deficient CO2 in the blood
Term
hypopnea
Definition
shallow breathing
Term
hypoventilation
Definition
breathing rhythm that fails to meet gas exchange demands
Term
hypoxemia
Definition
deficient O2 levels in the blood
Term
hypoxia
Definition
deficient O2 in tissues throughout the body
Term
laryngospasm
Definition
spasmodic closure of the glottis
Term
orthopnea
Definition
ability to breathe is limited to an upright position
Term
rhinorrhea
Definition
fluid discharge from the nose
Term
tachypnea
Definition
rapid breathing
Term
asphyxia
Definition
suffocation
Term
atelectasis
Definition
collapsed lung
Term
bronchal pneumonia
Definition
alveoli filled with fluid (soft lung tissue inflammation)
Term
bronchiectasis
Definition
bronchi dilation
Term
bronchitis
Definition
bronchi inflammation
Term
bronchogenic carcinoma
Definition
cancer originating in the bronchi
Term
coryza
Definition
a common viral head cold
Term
croup
Definition
acute larynx obstruction in infants and young children
Term
emphysema
Definition
enlarged alveoli and damaged respiratory membrane
Term
epiglottitis
Definition
epiglottis inflammation
Term
laryngitis
Definition
larynx inflammation
Term
laryngotracheobronchitis
Definition
chronic larynx, trachea, and bronchi inflammation - chronic croup
Term
pharyngitis
Definition
pharynx inflammation (sore throat)
Term
pleural effusion
Definition
escape of fluid in to the pleural cavity during inflammation
Term
pleuritis
Definition
pleuric inflammation
Term
pneumoconiosis
Definition
lung inflammation from inhaling fine particles (reduces alveolar "stretching")
Term
pneumothorax
Definition
air/gas prescence in the pleural cavity
Term
pulmonary edema
Definition
fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles
Term
pulmonary embolism
Definition
blockage in the pulmonary circuit
Term
pyothorax
Definition
pus in the pleural cavity
Term
rhinitis
Definition
nasal mucous membrane inflammation
Term
sinusitis
Definition
sinus mucous membrane inflammation
Term
tonsillitis
Definition
tonsil inflammation
Term
tracheitis
Definition
trachea inflammation
Term
bronchoscopy
Definition
bronchi are examined with a bronchioscope
Term
endotracheal intubation
Definition
tube insertion to open the airway
Term
expectorant
Definition
a drug that breaks up mucus
Term
laryngectomy
Definition
surgical larynx excision
Term
laryngoplasty
Definition
surgical larynx repair
Term
laryngoscopy
Definition
examining the larynx with a laryngoscope
Term
pneumonectomy
Definition
lung excision
Term
rhinoplasty
Definition
surgical nose repair
Term
septoplasty
Definition
surgical nasal septum repair
Term
thoracentesis
Definition
surgical chest puncture to aspirate fluid
Term
thoracostomy
Definition
surgical chest puncture to insert a tube
Term
thoracotomy
Definition
chest incision
Term
tonsillectomy
Definition
excision of one or both tonsils
Term
tracheostomy
Definition
surgical tracheal opening creation (tube insertion)
Term
tracheotomy
Definition
incision into the trachea
Term
crackles/rales
Definition
crackling/bubbling sounds heard during an exam
Term
wheezes/rhonci
Definition
sounds heard during an exam
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