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Medical Terminology TJ
Medical Terms and Meaning 1/2
286
Medical
Not Applicable
09/08/2004

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Term
a-
Definition
no, not, without
Term
ac-
Definition
pertaining to
Term
an-
Definition
no, not, without
Term
auto-
Definition
self
Term
dia-
Definition
through, complete
Term
endo-
Definition
within
Term
epi-
Definition
above, upon
Term
ex-
Definition
out
Term
exo-
Definition
out
Term
hyper-
Definition
excessive, above, more than normal
Term
hypo-
Definition
deficient, below, under, less than normal
Term
in
Definition
into, in
Term
peri-
Definition
surrounding, around
Term
auto-
Definition
self
Term
pro-
Definition
before, forward
Term
re-
Definition
back, backward, again
Term
retro-
Definition
behind
Term
sub-
Definition
below, under
Term
aden/o
Definition
gland
Term
arthr/o
Definition
joint
Term
trans-
Definition
across, through
Term
bi/o
Definition
life
Term
carcin/o
Definition
cancer, cancerous
Term
cardi/o
Definition
heart
Term
cephal/o
Definition
head
Term
cerebr/o
Definition
cerebrum (largest part of the brain)
Term
crin/o
Definition
secrete (to form and give off)
Term
cyst/o
Definition
urinary bladder, a sac or a cyst (sac containing fluid)
Term
cyt/o
Definition
cell
Term
derm/o
Definition
skin
Term
dermat/o
Definition
skin
Term
electr/o
Definition
electricity
Term
encephal/o
Definition
brain
Term
enter/o
Definition
intestines
Term
erythr/o
Definition
red
Term
gastr/o
Definition
stomach
Term
gnos/o
Definition
knowledge
Term
hemat/o
Definition
blood
Term
hem/o
Definition
blood
Term
hepat/o
Definition
liver
Term
iatr/o
Definition
treatment
Term
leuk/o
Definition
white
Term
nephr/o
Definition
kidney
Term
neur/o
Definition
nerve
Term
onc/o
Definition
tumor
Term
ophthalm/o
Definition
eye
Term
oste/o
Definition
bone
Term
path/o
Definition
disease
Term
ped/o
Definition
child
Term
psych/o
Definition
mind
Term
radi/o
Definition
x-rays
Term
ren/o
Definition
kidney
Term
rhin/o
Definition
nose
Term
sarc/o
Definition
flesh
Term
sect/o
Definition
to cut
Term
thromb/o
Definition
clot, clotting
Term
ur/o
Definition
urinary tract, urine
Term
-al
Definition
pertaining to
Term
-algia
Definition
pain
Term
-cyte
Definition
cell
Term
-ectomy
Definition
excision, removal
Term
-emia
Definition
blood condition
Term
-genic
Definition
pertaining to producing, produced by or produced in
Term
-gram
Definition
record
Term
-ic
Definition
pertaining to
Term
-ical
Definition
pertaining to
Term
-ion
Definition
process
Term
-ist
Definition
specialist
Term
-itis
Definition
inflammation
Term
-logy
Definition
study of
Term
-oma
Definition
tumor, mass, swelling
Term
-opsy
Definition
process of viewing
Term
-osis
Definition
condition, usually abnormal (slight increase in numbers when used with blood cells)
Term
-pathy
Definition
disease condition
Term
-scope
Definition
instrument to visually examine
Term
-scopy
Definition
process of visually examining
Term
-sis
Definition
state of
Term
-tomy
Definition
process of cutting, incision
Term
-y
Definition
process, condition
Term
adenoma
Definition
tumor of gland
Term
adenitis
Definition
inflammation of a gland
Term
adenopathy
Definition
disease of glands
Term
anemia
Definition
a decrease in erythrocytes or hemoglobin
Term
arthralgia
Definition
pain of a joint
Term
arthritis
Definition
inflammation of a joint
Term
autopsy
Definition
self view, examination of a dead body
Term
biology
Definition
study of life
Term
biopsy
Definition
removal of living tissue and examination under a microscope
Term
carcinoma
Definition
cancerous tumor
Term
carcinogenic
Definition
pertaining to producing disease
Term
cardiac
Definition
pertaining to the heart
Term
cardiology
Definition
study of the heart
Term
cephalic
Definition
pertaining to the head
Term
cerebral
Definition
pertaining to the brain
Term
cystitis
Definition
inflammation of the urinary bladder
Term
cystoscopy
Definition
process of visual examination of the urinary bladder
Term
cytology
Definition
study of cells
Term
dermatitis
Definition
inflammation of the skin
Term
dermatology
Definition
study of the skin
Term
diagnosis
Definition
complete knowledge
Term
electrocardiogram
Definition
record of electricity of the heart
Term
electroencephalogram
Definition
record of electricity of brain
Term
endocrine glands
Definition
(thyroid, pituitary, adrenal glands) secrete hormones directly within (into) the blood stream
Term
endocrinology
Definition
study of the endocrine glands
Term
endoscope
Definition
instrument to visually examine within the body
Term
endoscopy
Definition
process of visually examining within the body
Term
enteritis
Definition
inflammation of the intestines
Term
enteropathy
Definition
disease of the intestines
Term
epidermis
Definition
outerlayer of skin, above the dermis layer
Term
epigastric
Definition
pertaining to above the stomach
Term
erythrocyte
Definition
red blood cell
Term
excision
Definition
cut out, removal
Term
exocrine glands
Definition
glands that secrete chemicals to the outside of the body
Term
gastrectomy
Definition
removal of stomach
Term
gastric
Definition
pertaining to the stomach
Term
gastroenterology
Definition
study of the stomach and intestines
Term
gastrotomy
Definition
incision of the stomach
Term
gynecologist
Definition
specialist in the study of females and female disorders
Term
gynecology
Definition
study of females and female diseases
Term
hematology
Definition
study of blood
Term
hematoma
Definition
mass of blood (collection)
Term
hemoglobin
Definition
blood protein found in red blood cells
Term
hepatitis
Definition
inflammation of the liver
Term
hepatoma
Definition
tumor (malignant) of the liver
Term
hyperglycemia
Definition
increased blood sugar
Term
hypodermic
Definition
pertaining to under the skin
Term
hypogastric
Definition
pertaining to below the stomach
Term
hypoglycemia
Definition
condition of low blood sugar
Term
iatrogenic
Definition
pertaining to produced by treatment
Term
incision
Definition
process of cutting into, to section
Term
leukemia
Definition
blood condition of white blood cells, (malignant cancerous condition)
Term
leukocyte
Definition
white blood cell
Term
leukocytosis
Definition
abnormal condition of white blood cells
Term
nephrectomy
Definition
removal of a kidney (resection)
Term
nephritis
Definition
inflammation of the kidney
Term
nephrology
Definition
study of the kidney
Term
nephrosis
Definition
abnormal condition of the kidney
Term
neural
Definition
pertaining to the nerves
Term
neuralgia
Definition
nerve pain
Term
neurological
Definition
pertaining to the study of nerves
Term
neurology
Definition
study of nerves
Term
oncologist
Definition
specialist in the study of tumors
Term
oncology
Definition
study of tumors
Term
ophthalmologist
Definition
specialist in diagnosis and treatment of eye
Term
ophthalmoscope
Definition
instrument for visual examination of the eye
Term
osteitis
Definition
inflammation of the bone
Term
osteoarthritis
Definition
inflammation of bone and joint (degeneration of joint tissue)
Term
osteotomy
Definition
incision of a bone
Term
pathogenic
Definition
pertaining to producing disease
Term
pediatric
Definition
pertaining to treatment of children
Term
pathology
Definition
study of disease
Term
pathologist
Definition
one who studies diseases, performs autopsies, examines biopsy samples
Term
pericardium
Definition
structure or membrane surrounding the heart
Term
prognosis
Definition
before knowledge prediction about the outcome of a condition
Term
psychiatrist
Definition
specialist in the treatment of the mind
Term
psychology
Definition
study of the mind
Term
radiology
Definition
study of x-rays
Term
renal
Definition
pertaining to the kidney
Term
resection
Definition
process of cutting out, removal
Term
retrocardiac
Definition
pertaining to behind the heart
Term
rhinitis
Definition
inflammation of the nose
Term
sarcoma
Definition
tumor of flesh (cancerous)
Term
subhepatic
Definition
pertaining to below the liver
Term
urology
Definition
study of urinary tract
Term
transhepatic
Definition
pertaining to across or through the liver
Term
thrombocyte
Definition
a clotting cell
Term
cell membrane
Definition
surrounds and protects the cell and regulates what passes into and out of the cell
Term
nucleus
Definition
controls the operations of the cell, contains chromosomes and directs activities of the cell
Term
chromosomes
Definition
rod shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes
Term
genes
Definition
regions of DNA within each chromosome
Term
DNA
Definition
chemical in each chromosome
Term
karyotype
Definition
picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell determines whether the chromosomes are normal in number and structure
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
cell formation, material outside the nucleus and enclosed by the cell membrane
Term
mitochondria
Definition
produce energy by burning food in the presence of oxygen
Term
catabolism
Definition
breakdown of complex foods into simpler substances
Term
anabolism
Definition
process of building up complex material such as proteins
Term
metabolism
Definition
process of anabolism and catabolism
Term
adipose tissue
Definition
collection of fat cells
Term
cartilage
Definition
flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints
Term
epithelial cell
Definition
skin cells that cover the external body surface and line the internal surfaces of organs
Term
histologist
Definition
specialist in the study of tissues
Term
larynx
Definition
voice box, located at the upper part of the trachea
Term
pharynx
Definition
throat, passageway for food from the mouth going to the esophagus and air from the nose to the trachea
Term
pituitary gland
Definition
endocrine gland at the base of the brain
Term
thyroid gland
Definition
endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck
Term
trachea
Definition
windpipe (tube leading from the throat to the bronchial tubes)
Term
ureter
Definition
one of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder, spelling clue: ureter has two e's and there are two of them
Term
urethra
Definition
tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body, spelling clue: Urethra has one e and there is only one urethra
Term
uterus
Definition
the womb, the organ that holds the embryo and fetus as it develops
Term
viscera
Definition
internal organs
Term
abdominal cavity
Definition
space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines: also called the ABDOMEN
Term
abdomin/o
Definition
abdomen
Term
abdomin/o
Definition
abdomen
Term
adip/o
Definition
fat
Term
anter/o
Definition
front
Term
bol/o
Definition
to cast (throw)
Term
cervic/o
Definition
neck (of the body or of the uterus)
Term
chondr/o
Definition
cartilage
Term
chrom/o
Definition
color
Term
coccyg/o
Definition
coccyx (tail bone)
Term
crani/o
Definition
skull
Term
cyt/o
Definition
cell
Term
dist/o
Definition
far, distant
Term
dors/o
Definition
back portion of the body
Term
hist/o
Definition
tissue
Term
ili/o
Definition
ilium (part of the pelvic bone)
Term
inguin/o
Definition
groin
Term
kary/o
Definition
nucleus
Term
later/o
Definition
side
Term
lumb/o
Definition
lower back (side and back between the ribs and the pelvis)
Term
medi/o
Definition
middle
Term
nucle/o
Definition
nucleus
Term
pelv/o
Definition
hip, pelvic cavity
Term
poster/o
Definition
back, behind
Term
proxim/o
Definition
nearest
Term
sacr/o
Definition
sacrum
Term
sarc/o
Definition
flesh
Term
spin/o
Definition
spine, backbone
Term
thel/o
Definition
nipple
Term
thorac/o
Definition
chest
Term
trache/o
Definition
trachea, windpipe
Term
umbilic/o
Definition
navel, umbilicus
Term
ventr/o
Definition
belly side of the body
Term
vertebr/o
Definition
vertebrae, backbones
Term
viscer/o
Definition
internal organs
Term
ana-
Definition
up
Term
cata-
Definition
down
Term
epi-
Definition
above
Term
hypo-
Definition
below
Term
inter-
Definition
between
Term
meta-
Definition
change
Term
-eal
Definition
pertaining to
Term
-iac
Definition
pertaining to
Term
-ior
Definition
pertaining to
Term
-ism
Definition
process
Term
-ose
Definition
pertaining to, full of
Term
-plasm
Definition
formation
Term
-somes
Definition
bodies
Term
-type
Definition
picture, classification
Term
abdominal cavity
Definition
space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, intestines
Term
cranial cavity
Definition
space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull
Term
diaphragm
Definition
muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities
Term
dorsal (posterior)
Definition
pertaining to the back
Term
mediastinum
Definition
centrally located space between the lungs
Term
pelvic cavity
Definition
space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder and reproductive organs
Term
peritoneum
Definition
membrane surrounding the organs in the abdomen
Term
pleura
Definition
double layered membrane surrounding each lung
Term
pleural cavity
Definition
space between the pleural membranes and surrounding each lung
Term
spinal cavity
Definition
space within the spinal column (backbones) and containing the spinal cord, also called the spinal canal
Term
thoracic cavity
Definition
space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus and other organs
Term
ventral (anterior)
Definition
pertaining to the front
Term
hypochondriac
Definition
upper right and left regions beneath the ribs
Term
epigastric
Definition
upper middle region above the stomach
Term
lumbar
Definition
middle right and left regions near the waist
Term
umbilical
Definition
central region near the naval
Term
inguinal
Definition
lower right and left regions near the groin
Term
hypogastric
Definition
lower middle region below the umbilical region
Term
RUQ
Definition
right upper quadrant
Term
LUQ
Definition
left upper quadrant
Term
RLQ
Definition
right lower quadrant
Term
LLQ
Definition
left lower quadrant
Term
cervical division of back
Definition
neck region C1-C7
Term
thoracic division of back
Definition
chest region T1-T12
Term
lumbar divisions of back
Definition
loin region (waist) L1-L5
Term
sacral division of back
Definition
region of the sacrum S1-S5
Term
coccygeal division of back
Definition
region of the coccyx (tailbone)
Term
vertebra
Definition
single backbone
Term
vertebrae
Definition
backbones
Term
spinal column
Definition
bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity
Term
spinal cord
Definition
nervous tissue within the spinal cavity
Term
disk (disc)
Definition
a pad of cartilage between vertebrae
Term
anterior (ventral)
Definition
front side of the body
Term
deep
Definition
away from the surface
Term
distal
Definition
far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure
Term
frontal (coronal) plane
Definition
vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions
Term
inferior (caudal)
Definition
below another structure
Term
lateral
Definition
pertaining to the side
Term
medial
Definition
pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body
Term
posterior (dorsal)
Definition
backside of the body
Term
prone
Definition
lying on the belly (face down, palm down)
Term
proximal
Definition
near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure
Term
sagittal (lateral) plane
Definition
vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides
Term
superficial
Definition
on the surface
Term
superior(cephalic)
Definition
above another structure
Term
supine
Definition
lying on the back (face up, palm up)
Term
transverse (cross-sectional or axial) plane
Definition
horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions
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