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Medical Terminology Ch. 12
Eye
118
Medical
Undergraduate 1
04/27/2012

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Term
sclera
Definition
outer protective layer of the eye, (the white of the eye)
Term
cornea
Definition
transparent anterior part of the sclera, which is in front of the aqueous humor and lies over the iris
Term
choroid
Definition
middle layer of the eye, which is interlaced with many blood vessels
Term
iris
Definition
the pigmented muscular structure that allows light to pass through
Term
pupil
Definition
opening in the center of the iris
Term
lens
Definition
lies directly behind the pupil. Function is to focus and bend light
Term
retina
Definition
innermost layer of the eye, which contains the vision receptors
Term
aqueous humor
Definition
watery liquid found in the anterior cavity of the eye
Term
vitreous humor
Definition
jelly-like substance found behind the lens in the posterior cavity of the eye that maintains its shape
Term
meibomian glands
Definition
oil glands found in the upper and lower edges of the eyelids that help lubricate the eye
Term
lacrimal glands and ducts
Definition
produce and drain tears
Term
optic nerve
Definition
carries visual impulses from the retina to the brain
Term
conjunctiva
Definition
mucous membrane lining the eyelids and covering the anterior portion of the sclera
Term
blephar/o
Definition
eyelid
Term
conjunctiv/o
Definition
conjunctiva
Term
cor/o, core/o, pupill/o
Definition
pupil
Term
core/o, kerat/o
Definition
cornea
Term
dacry/o, lacrim/o
Definition
tear, tear duct
Term
irid/o, ir/o
Definition
iris
Term
ocul/o, ophthalm/o
Definition
eye
Term
opt/o
Definition
vision
Term
retin/o
Definition
retina
Term
scler/o
Definition
sclera
Term
cry/o
Definition
cold
Term
dipl/o
Definition
two, double
Term
phot/o
Definition
light
Term
ton/o
Definition
tension, pressure
Term
bi-, bin-
Definition
two
Term
-opia
Definition
vision (condition)
Term
-phobia
Definition
abnormal fear of or aversion to specific things
Term
-plegia
Definition
paralysis
Term
blepharitis
Definition
inflammation of the eyelid
Term
blepharoptosis
Definition
drooping of the eyelid
Term
conjuctivities
Definition
inflammation of the conjunctiva (pinkeye)
Term
dacryocystitis
Definition
inflammation of the lacrimal sac
Term
diplopia
Definition
double vision
Term
endophthalmitis
Definition
inflammation within the eye
Term
iridoplegia
Definition
paralysis of the iris
Term
iritis
Definition
inflammation of the iris
Term
keratitis
Definition
inflammation of the cornea
Term
keratomalacia
Definition
softening of the cornea (usually a bilateral condition associated with vit.A def.
Term
leukoria
Definition
condition of white pupil
Term
oculomycosis
Definition
abnormal condition of the eye caused by a fungus
Term
ophthalmalgia
Definition
pain in the eye
Term
ophthalmoplegia
Definition
paralysis of the eye muscle
Term
photophobia
Definition
abnormal fear of (sensitivity to) light.
Term
retinoblastoma
Definition
tumor arising from a developing retinal cell (congenital, malignant tumor)
Term
retinopathy
Definition
any noninflammatory disease of the retina (eg. diabetic retinopathy)
Term
sclerokeratitis
Definition
inflammation of the sclera and the cornea
Term
scleromalacia
Definition
softening of the slcera
Term
xerophthalmia
Definition
condition of dry eye
Term
amblyopia
Definition
reduced vision in one eye caused by disuse or misuse associated with strabismus, unequal refractive errors, or otherwise impaired vision.
Term
astigmatism (Ast)
Definition
defective curvature of the refractive surface of the eye
Term
cataract
Definition
clouding of the lens of the eye
Term
chalazion
Definition
obstruction of an oil gland of the eyelid ( aka meibomian cyst)
Term
detached retina
Definition
separation of the retina from the choroid in back of the eye
Term
emmetropia (Em)
Definition
normal refractive condition of the eye
Term
glaucoma
Definition
eye disorder characterized by optic nerve damage usually caused by the abnormal increase of intraocular pressure (IOP)
Term
hyperopia
Definition
farsightedness
Term
macular degeneration
Definition
a progressive deterioration ofthe portion of the retina called the macula lutea, resulting in loss of central vision.
Term
myopia
Definition
nearsightedness
Term
nyctalopia
Definition
poor vision at night or in faint light (aka night blindness)
Term
nystagmus
Definition
involuntary, jerking movements of the eyes
Term
pinguecula
Definition
yellowish mass of the conjunctiva that may be related to exposure to ultraviolet light, dry climates, and dust. A pinguecula that spreads onto the cornea becomes a pterygium.
Term
presbyopia
Definition
impaired vision as a result of aging
Term
pterygium
Definition
thin tissue growing into the cornea from the conjunctiva
Term
retinitis pigmentosa
Definition
hereditary, progressive disease marked by night blindness with atrophy and retinal pigment changes.
Term
strabismus
Definition
abnormal condition of squint or crossed eyes caused by the visual axes not meeting at the same point
Term
sty
Definition
infection of an oil gland of the eyelid
Term
blepharoplasty
Definition
surgical repair of the eyelid
Term
cryoretinopexy
Definition
surgical fixation of the retina by using extreme cold (carbon dioxide)
Term
dacryocystorhinostomy
Definition
creation of an artifcial opening between the tear sac and the nose to restore drainage into the nose when the nasolacrimal duct is obstructed or obliterated
Term
dacryocystotomy
Definition
incision into the tear (lacrimal) sac
Term
iridectomy
Definition
excision of part of the iris
Term
iridotomy
Definition
incision into the iris
Term
keratoplasty
Definition
surgical repair of the cornea (corneal transplant)
Term
sclerotomy
Definition
incision into the sclera
Term
enucleation
Definition
surgical removal of the eyeball (also, the removal of any organ that comes out clean and whole
Term
LASIK (laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis
Definition
a laser procedure that reshapes the corneal tissue beneath the surface of the cornea to correct astigmatism, hyperopia, and myopia. LASIK is a combo of Excimer laser and lamellar keratoplasty - differing from PRK in that it reshapes corneal tissue beneath the surface rather that on the surface.
Term
phacoemulsification
Definition
method to remove cataracts in which an ultrasonic needle probe breaks up the lens, which is then aspirated
Term
PRK (photorefractive keratectomy)
Definition
a procedure fr the treatment of nearsightedness in which an Excimer laser is used to reshape (flatten) the corneal surface by removing a portion of the cornea
Term
retinal photocoagulation
Definition
a procedure to repair tears in the retina by use of an intense, precisely focused light beam, which causes coagulation of the tissue protein.
Term
scleral buckling
Definition
a procedure to repair a detached retina. A strip of sclera is resected, or a fld is made in the sclera. An exoplant is used to hold and buckle the sclera
Term
trabeculectomy
Definition
surgical creation of a drain to reduce intraocular pressure (used to treat glaucoma)
Term
vitrectomy
Definition
surgical removal of all or part of the vitreous humor (used to treat diabetic retinopathy)
Term
fuorescein angiography
Definition
photographic process of recording blood vessels of the eye with flourescing dye
Term
keratometer
Definition
instrument used to measure the cuvature of the cornea used for fitting contact lenses
Term
ophthalmoscope
Definition
instrument used for visual examination of the interior of the eye
Term
ophthalmoscopy
Definition
visual examination of the eye
Term
optometry
Definition
measurement of vision , visual acuity and the prescribing of corrective lenses
Term
pupillometer
Definition
instrument used to measure the diameter of the pupil
Term
pupilloscope
Definition
instrument used fr visual examination of the pupil
Term
retinoscopy
Definition
visual examination of the retina
Term
tonometer
Definition
instrument used to measure pressure within the eye, used to diagnose glaucoma
Term
tonometry
Definition
measurement of pressure within the eye
Term
binocular
Definition
pertaining to two or both eyes
Term
corneal
Definition
pertaining to the cornea
Term
intraocular
Definition
pertaining to within the eye
Term
lacrimal
Definition
pertaining to tears
Term
nasolacrimal
Definition
pertaining to the nose and tear ducts
Term
ophthalmic
Definition
pertaining to the eye
Term
ophthalmologist
Definition
physician who studies and treats diseases of the eye
Term
ophthalmology (Ophth)
Definition
study of the eye
Term
ophthalmopathy
Definition
any disease of the eye
Term
optic
Definition
pertaining to vision
Term
pupillary
Definition
pertaining to the pupil
Term
retinal
Definition
pertaining to the retina
Term
miotic
Definition
agent that constricts the pupil
Term
mydriatic
Definition
agent that dilates the pupil
Term
optician
Definition
a specialist who fills prescriptions for lenses ( cannot prescribe lenses)
Term
optometrist
Definition
a health professional who prescribes corrective lenses and/or eye exercises
Term
visual acuity (VA)
Definition
sharpness of vision for either distance or near
Term
ARMD
Definition
age-related macular degeneration
Term
Ast
Definition
astigmatism
Term
Em
Definition
emmetropia
Term
IOP
Definition
intraocular pressure
Term
Ophth
Definition
ophthalmology
Term
VA
Definition
visual acuity
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