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Medical Terminology - Bones
Med Term - Bones
251
Medical
Undergraduate 1
04/06/2011
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Term

 

 

periosteum

 Definition
outermost layer of the bone
Term

 

 

compact bone

 Definition
dense hard layers of bone tissue, under the periosteum
Term

 

 

cancellous (spongy) bone

 Definition
encased in layers of compact bone
Term

 

 

endosteum

 Definition
membranous lining of the hollow cavity of bone
Term

 

 

diaphysis

 Definition
shaft of long bones
Term

 

 

epiphysis

 Definition
ends of long bones
Term

 

 

bone marrow

 Definition
material found in cavities of bones
Term

 

 

red marrow

 Definition
thick, blood-like material found in flat bones and the end of long bones.  Location of blood cell formation
Term

 

 

yellow marrow

 Definition
soft fatty material found in the medullary cavity
Term

 

 

maxilla

 Definition
upper jaw bone
Term

 

 

mandible

 Definition
lower jaw bone
Term

 

 

vertebral column

 Definition
made up of bones called vertebrae
Term

 

 

cervical vertebra

(c1-c7)

 Definition
first set of seven bones, forms the neck
Term

 

 

thoracic vertebrae

 Definition
second set of 12 vertebrae, articulate with the 12 pairs of ribs, form the outward curve of back
Term

 

 

lumbar

(L1-L5)

 Definition

third set of five larger vertebrae

inward curve of back
Term

 

 

sacrum

 Definition
next five vertebrae, fused together to form triangular bone between the hips
Term

 

 

coccyx

 Definition

tail bone 

(4 bones fused together)
Term

 

 

lamina

 Definition
part of the vertebral arch
Term

 

 

clavicle

 Definition
collar bone
Term

 

 

scapula

 Definition
shoulder blade
Term

 

 

acromion

 Definition
extension of scapula, high point of shoulder
Term

 

 

sternum

 Definition
breast bone
Term

 

 

xiphoid process

 Definition
lower portion of the sternum
Term

 

 

humerous

 

 

 Definition
upper arm bone
Term

 

 

ulna and radius

 Definition
lower arm bones
Term

 

 

olecranon

 Definition
upper end of ulna, boney projection of elbow
Term

 

 

carpal bones

 Definition
wrist bones
Term

 

 

metacarpal bones

 Definition
hand bones
Term

 

 

phalanges

 Definition
finger/toe bones
Term

 

 

pelvic bone, hip bone

 Definition

three bones fused together

(ishium, ilium, pubis)
Term

 

 

acetabulum

 Definition
large socket in the pelvic bone for head of femur
Term

 

 

femur

 

 

 Definition
upper leg bone
Term

 

 

tibia and fibula

 Definition
lower leg bones
Term

 

 

patella

 Definition
kneecap
Term

 

 

tarsal bones

 Definition
ankle bones
Term

 

 

calcaneus

 Definition
heel bone
Term

 

 

articular cartilage

 Definition
smooth layer of gristle covering contacting surfaces of joints
Term

 

 

meniscus

 Definition
crecent shaped cartilage found in the knee
Term

 

 

intervertebral disk

 

 Definition
cartilage between each vertabrae in the spine
Term

 

 

pubic symphysis

 Definition
cartilage joint at where the pubic bones fuse together
Term

 

 

synovia

 Definition
fluid secreted by the synovial membrane found in joint cavaties
Term

 

 

bursa

 Definition
small fluid filled sac that allows easy movement of one part of a joint over another
Term

 

 

ligament

 Definition
flexible, tough band of fibrous connective tissue attaches one bone to another at a joint
Term

 

 

tendon

 Definition
band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
Term

 

 

aponeurosis

 Definition
strong sheet of tissue that acts as a tendon to attach muscles to bone
Term

 

 

skeletal muscles

 Definition
attach to bones by tendons, body movement
Term

 

 

smooth muscles

 Definition
located in internal organs
Term

 

 

cardiac muscle

 Definition
forms most of walls of heart
Term

 

 

abduction

 Definition
movement of drawing away from middle
Term

 

 

adduction

 Definition
drawing toward the middle
Term

 

 

inversion

 Definition
turning inward
Term

 

 

eversion

 Definition
turning outward
Term

 

 

extension

 Definition
movement which limb is places in straight position
Term

 

 

flexion

 Definition
movement where limb is bent
Term

 

 

pronation

 Definition
palm down
Term

 

 

supination

 Definition
palm up
Term

 

 

rotation

 Definition
turning around its own axis
Term

 

 

inter-

 Definition
between
Term

 

 

supra-

 Definition
above
Term

 

 

sym-, syn-

 Definition
together, joined
Term

 

 

-asthenia

 Definition
weakness
Term

 

 

-clasia, -clasis, -clast

 Definition
break
Term

 

 

-densis

 Definition
surgical fixation, fusion
Term

 

 

-physis

 

 

 Definition
growth
Term

 

 

-schisis

 Definition
slit fissure
Term

 

 

carp/o

 Definition
carpals
Term

 

 

clavic/o, clavicul/o

 Definition
clavicle
Term

 

 

cost/o

 Definition
rib
Term

 

 

crani/o

 Definition
cranium
Term

 

 

femor/o

 Definition
femur
Term

 

 

fibul/o

 Definition
fibula
Term

 

 

humor/o

 Definition
humerus
Term

 

 

ili/o

 Definition
ilium
Term

 

 

ischi/o

 Definition
ischium
Term

 

 

lumb/o

 Definition
loin, lumbar region of spine
Term

 

 

mandibul/o

 Definition
mandible
Term

 

 

maxill/o

 Definition
maxilla
Term

 

 

patell/o

 Definition
patella
Term

 

 

pelv/i; pelv/o

 Definition
pelvis
Term

 

 

phalang/o

 Definition
phalanges
Term

 

 

pub/o

 Definition
pubis
Term

 

 

rachi/o

 Definition
spine, vertebral column
Term

 

 

sacr/o

 Definition
sacrum
Term

 

 

scapul/o

 Definition
scapula
Term

 

 

spondyl/o; vertebr/o

 Definition
vertebra
Term

 

 

stern/o

 Definition
sternum
Term

 

 

tars/o

 Definition
tarsals
Term

 

 

tibi/o

 Definition
tibia
Term

 

 

uln/o

 Definition
ulna
Term

 

 

aponeur/o

 Definition
aponeurosis
Term

 

 

arthr/o

 Definition
joint
Term

 

 

burs/o

 Definition
bursa
Term

 

 

chondr/o

 Definition
cartilage
Term

 

 

disk/o

 Definition
intrevertebral disk
Term

 

 

menisc/o

 Definition
meniscus
Term

 

 

synovi/o

 Definition
synovia, synovial membrane
Term

 

 

ten/o; tend/o; tendin/o

 Definition
tendon
Term

 

 

ankyl/o

 Definition
crooked, stiff, bent
Term

 

 

kinesi/o

 Definition
movement, motion
Term

 

 

kyph/o

 Definition
hump
Term

 

 

lamin/o

 Definition
lamina
Term

 

 

lord/o

 Definition
bent forward
Term

 

 

myel/o

 Definition
bone marrow
Term

 

 

my/o; myos/o

 Definition
muscle
Term

 

 

oste/o

 Definition
bone
Term

 

 

petr/o

 Definition
stone
Term

 

 

scoli/o

 Definition
crooked, curved
Term

 

 

ankylosis

 Definition
abnormal condition of stiffness
Term

 

 

arthritis

 Definition
inflammation of a joint
Term

 

 

bursitis

 Definition
inflammation of a bursa
Term

 

 

chondromalacia

 Definition
softening of cartilage
Term

 

 

cranioschisis

 Definition
fissure of the skull
Term

 

 

diskitis

 Definition
inflammation of an intervertebral disk
Term

 

 

fibromyalgia

 Definition
pain in the fibrous tissues and muscles
Term

 

 

kyphosis

 Definition
abnormal condition of hump in thoracic spine
Term

 

 

lordosis

 Definition
abnormal condition of bending forward
Term

 

 

maxillitis

 Definition
inflammation of the maxilla
Term

 

 

meniscitis

 Definition
inflammation of a meniscus
Term

 

 

myastehnia

 Definition
muscle weakness
Term

 

 

myeloma

 Definition
malignant tumor of bone marrow
Term

 

 

osteitis

 Definition
inflammation of bone
Term

 

 

osteoarthritis (OA)

 Definition
inflammation of bone and joints
Term

 

 

osteochondritis

 Definition
inflammation of bone and cartilage
Term

 

 

osteofibroma

 Definition
tumor of bone and fibrous tissue
Term

 

 

osteomalacia

 Definition
softening of bones
Term

 

 

osteomyelitis

 Definition
inflammation of the bone and marrow
Term

 

 

osteopenia

 Definition
reduction of bone mass
Term

 

 

osteopetrosis

 Definition
stone-like bones (increased formation)
Term

 

 

osteosarcoma

 Definition
malignant tumor of bone
Term

 

 

polymyositis

 Definition
inflammation of many muscles
Term

 

 

rachischisis

 Definition
fissure of vertebral column
Term

 

 

rhabdomyolysis

 Definition
dissolution of striated muscle
Term

 

 

scoliosis

 Definition
abrnomal lateral curve of spine
Term

 

 

spondylarthritis

 Definition
inflammation of the vertebral joints
Term

 

 

spondylosis

 Definition
abnormal condition of vertebra
Term

 

 

synoviosarcoma

 Definition
malignant tumor of synovial membrane
Term

 

 

tendinitis

 Definition
inflammation of tendon
Term

 

 

tenosynovitis

 Definition
inflammatin of the tendon and senovial membrane
Term

 

 

ankylosing spondylitis

 Definition
form of arthritis, first effects spine
Term

 

 

bunion

 Definition
enlargement of joint at base of great toe
Term

 

 

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

 Definition
a common nerve entrapment disorder of the wrist
Term

 

 

colles fracture

 Definition
type of wrist fracture
Term

 

 

exostosis

 Definition

abnormal benign grown on surface of bone

(spur)
Term

 

 

fracture (fx)

 Definition
broken bone
Term

 

 

gout

 Definition
disease excessive amt uric acid in blood
Term

 

 

herniated disk

 Definition
rupture of intervertebral disk cartilage
Term

 

 

Lyme disease

 Definition
infection caused by bacteria (borrelia burgdorferi)
Term

 

 

muscular dystrophy

(MD)

 Definition
group of hereditary diseased , degeneration of muscle
Term

 

 

myastenia gravis 

(MG)

 Definition
chronic disease muscle weakness, defect nerve to muscle impulse
Term

 

 

osteoporosis

 Definition
abnormal loss of bone density
Term

 

 

rheumatoid arthritis

(RA)

 Definition
chronic systemic disease, autoimmune inflammatory changes in connective tissue
Term

 

 

spinal stenosis

 Definition
narrowing of spinal canal
Term

 

 

spondylolisthesis

 Definition
forward slipping of one vertebra over another
Term

 

 

aponeurorrhaphy 

 Definition
suture of aponeurosis
Term

 

 

arthrocentesis

 Definition
surgical puncture of joint to aspirate fluid
Term

 

 

arthroclasia

 Definition
surgical breaking of stiff joint
Term

 

 

arthrodesis

 Definition
surgical fixation of joint
Term

 

 

arthroplasty

 Definition
surgical repair of joint
Term

 

 

bursectomy

 Definition
excision of bursa
Term

 

 

carpectomy

 Definition
excision of carpal bone
Term

 

 

chondrectomy

 Definition
excision of cartilage
Term

 

 

chonroplasty

 Definition
surgical repair of cartilage
Term

 

 

costectomy

 Definition
excision of a rib
Term

 

 

cranioplasty

 Definition
surgical repair of the skull
Term

 

 

craniotomy

 Definition
incision of the skull
Term

 

 

diskectomy

 Definition
excision of disk
Term

 

 

laminectomy

 Definition
excision of lamina
Term

 

 

maxillectomy

 Definition
excision of maxilla
Term

 

 

meniscectomy

 Definition
excison of meniscus
Term

 

 

myorrhaphy

 Definition
suture of muscle
Term

 

 

ostectomy

 Definition
excision of bone
Term

 

 

osteoclasis

 Definition
surgical breaking of bone to correct a deformity
Term

 

 

patellectomy

 Definition
excision of the patella
Term

 

 

phalangectomy

 Definition
excison of finger/toe bone
Term

 

 

rachiotomy

 Definition
incision into vertebral column
Term

 

 

spondylosyndesis

 Definition
fusing of the vertebrae (spinal fusion)
Term

 

 

synovectomy

 Definition
excision of synovial membrane of joint
Term

 

 

tarsectomy

 Definition
excision of one or more tarsal bones
Term

 

 

tenomyoplasty

 Definition
surgical repair of the tendon and muscle
Term

 

 

tenorraphy

 Definition
suture of tendon
Term

 

 

vertebroplasty

 Definition
surgical repair of the vertebra
Term

 

 

arthrography

 Definition
radiographic image of joint
Term

 

 

arthroscopy

 Definition
visual examination of a joint
Term

 

 

electromyogram

(EMG)

 Definition
record of the intrinsic electrical activity in a skeletal muscle
Term

 

 

arthralgia

 Definition
pain in the joint
Term

 

 

atrophy

 Definition
without development
Term

 

 

bradykinesia

 Definition
slow movement
Term

 

 

carpal

 Definition
pertaining to wrist
Term

 

 

cranial 

 Definition
pertaining to cranium
Term

 

 

dyskinesia

 Definition
painful to move
Term

 

 

dystrophy

 Definition
abnormal development
Term

 

 

femoral

 Definition
pertaining to femur
Term

 

 

humeral

 Definition
pertaining to humerus
Term

 

 

hyperkinesia

 Definition
excessive movement
Term

 

 

hypertrophy

 Definition
excessive development
Term

 

 

iliofemoral

 Definition
pertaining to ilium and femur
Term

 

 

intercostal

 Definition
between the ribs
Term

 

 

intervertebral

 Definition
between vertebrae
Term

 

 

intracranial

 Definition
within cranium
Term

 

 

ischiofibular

 Definition
pertaining to ischium and fibula
Term

 

 

ischiopubic

 Definition
pertaining to the ischium and pubis
Term

 

 

lumbar

 Definition
pertaining to the loins
Term

 

 

lumbocostal 

 Definition
pertaining to loins and ribs
Term

 

 

lumboscaral

 Definition
pertaining to lumbar region and sacral
Term

 

 

osteoblast

 Definition
developing bone cell
Term

 

 

osteocyte

 Definition
bone cell
Term

 

 

osteonecrosis

 Definition
abnormal death of bone tissue
Term

 

 

pelvic

 Definition
pertaining to the pelvis
Term

 

 

pelvisacral

 Definition
pertaining to the pelvis and the sacrum
Term

 

 

pubic

 Definition
pertaining to pubis
Term

 

 

pubofemoral

 Definition
pubis and femur
Term

 

 

sacral

 Definition
pertaining to sacrum
Term

 

 

sacrovertebral

 Definition
sacrum and vertebrae
Term

 

 

sternoclavicular

 Definition
pertaining to sternum and clavicle
Term

 

 

sternoid 

 Definition
resembling the sternum
Term

 

 

subcostal

 Definition
below the ribs
Term

 

 

submandibular

 Definition
below mandible
Term

 

 

submaxillary

 Definition
below maxilla
Term

 

 

subscapular

 Definition
below the scapula
Term

 

 

substernal

 Definition
below sternum
Term

 

 

suprascapular

 Definition
above the scapula
Term

 

 

suprapatellar

 Definition
above the patella
Term

 

 

symphysis

 Definition
growing together
Term

 

 

vertebrocostal

 Definition
vertebrae and ribs
Term

 

 

chiropodist, podiatrist

 Definition
specialist of foot
Term

 

 

chiropractic

 Definition
tharapy manipulation of vertebral column
Term

 

 

crepitus

 Definition
cracking sound when two bones rub against eachother
Term

 

 

chiropractor

 Definition
specialist in chiropractic
Term

 

 

orthopidics (ortho)

 Definition
study of musculoskeletal system
Term

 

 

orthotics

 Definition
making and fitting of orthopedic appliances
Term

 

 

osteopathy

 Definition
system of medicine relationship between body organs and musculoskeletal system
Term

 

 

prosthesis

 Definition
artificial substitute for a missing body part
Term

 

 

c1-c7

 Definition
cervical vertebrae
Term

 

 

CTS

 Definition
carpal tunnel syndrome
Term

 

 

EMG

 Definition
electromyogram
Term

 

 

fx

 Definition
fracture
Term

 

 

HNP

 Definition
herniated nucleus pulposis
Term

 

 

L1-L5

 Definition
lumbar vertebrae
Term

 

 

MD

 Definition
muscular dystrophy
Term

 

 

MG

 Definition
myastenia gravis
Term

 

 

OA

 Definition
osteoarthritis
Term

 

 

ortho

 Definition
orthopedics
Term

 

 

RA

 Definition
rheumatoid arthritis
Term

 

 

T1-T12

 Definition
throacic vertebrae
Term

 

 

THA

 Definition
total hip arthroplasty
Term

 

 

ischium

 Definition
lower rear portion of hip which you sit on
Term

 

 

illium

 Definition
upper wing shaped part of hip
Term

 

 

pubis

 Definition
anterior portion of hip
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