Term
| Name some common blood/tissue protozoan parasites |
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Definition
Babesia species
Toxoplasma gondii
Leishmania tropica
Leishmania braziliensis
Trypanosoma brucei gambiese
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
Trypanosoma cruzi |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Describe symptoms of Babesiosis
How is at risk? |
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Definition
destruction of RBC
fever, headache, muscle ache, anemia, looks like malaria.
>splenectomy patients are at risk for severe disease and death |
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Term
Where are common geographical areas of Babesiosis infection?
Transmission? |
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Definition
Offshore islands or coastal regions of NY and MA. Also Europe
The same deer tick that transmits Lyme's disease. |
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Term
| How to tell Babesia and malaria apart? |
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Definition
| A good history. Travel outside country? Hiking? |
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Term
| How does Babesia get transmitted? |
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Definition
>Human to human via blood transfusion.
>people who touch contaminated soil
>infected tick introduces sporozoites into human host, but man is dead end host. |
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Term
| Who is more susceptible to toxoplasmosis? |
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Definition
pregnant women
-->during pregnancy, can give to fetus
immunocompromised patients
regular folks have few symptoms |
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Term
| How do you get infected with toxoplasmosis? |
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Definition
animal feces (kitty litter)
-->oocysts are shed in cat's stool and can survive in soil 18months
undercooked meat
-->freeze or cooking MAY destroy |
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Term
| Normal cycle of Toxoplasma gondii |
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Definition
| involves cat pooping, mouse eating it, passing to other mice, the cat eating the mice. |
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Term
| Toxoplasmosis life cycle in humans |
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Definition
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Term
| What are tachyzoites? Bradyzoites? |
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Definition
tachyzoites = toxoplasma sporozoites
bradyzoites = toxoplasma cysts |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of immunosupressed patients with toxoplasma gondii? |
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Definition
encephalitis
(reactivation of cysts with dissemination of tachyzoites) |
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Term
| What are the 4 types of malaria caused by? What is the most serious type? |
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Definition
Plasmodium falciparum - serious
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium ovale
Plasmodium malaria |
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Term
| What are the 4 stages of Malaria? |
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Definition
Sporozoite
Merozoite
Trophozoite
Gametocytes |
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Term
When does fever spike for...
P.falciparum
P.vivax
P.malaria |
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Definition
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Term
| Acute symptoms of malaria |
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Definition
CLASSICAL CYCLE
cold stage
hot stage
sweating stage
person feels well, then repeat |
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Term
| What causes cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral leishmaniasis |
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Definition
cutaneous-L.tropica
mucocutaneous- L. braziliensis
visceral- L. donovani |
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Term
| What is the Leishmania vector? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 stages of Leishmania cycle and where are they in life cycle when they undergo them? |
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Definition
Amastigote - no flagella
They are in mammalian host
Promastigote
They are in fly |
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Term
| Clinical signs of cutaneous Leishmania |
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Definition
>organisms stay in skin because they like the lower temperature better
>forms ulcer with raised edges starting at the bite site.
>can be scaring and spread. |
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Term
| Clinical signs of mucocutaneous Leishmania |
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Definition
> less common than cutaneous
>smal mucosal lesions with 1-3% pts having metastatic spread |
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Term
| Signs of visceral leishmaniasis |
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Definition
>many asymptomatic
>develop eruptions through body
>hepatomegaly and wasting
>Death in 2-3 years, immediate causes are secondary infection
>strong relationship with AIDS |
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Term
| Where geographically is cutaneous leishmania? |
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Definition
90% cases in Iran, Afghanistan, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, and Peru
Sometimes Texas |
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Term
| Signs of Trypanosoma Cruzi |
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Definition
either asymptomatic or acute (in kids)
>inflammation (Romanas sign), fever, lymphadenopathy, liver and spleen enlargement. |
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Term
| What causes Chagas disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes Sleeping sickness? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the 2 stages of American Trypanosoma cruzi?
What is the vector? |
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Definition
Trypomastigote
Amastigote
Kissing bug; Triatomine bug |
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Term
| What are the 2 species responsible for African Trypanosomiasis and where do they predominate? |
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Definition
T.b. gambiense - West Central Africa
T.b. rhodensiense - East southern Africa |
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Term
| What is the vector of African Trypanosomiasis |
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Definition
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Term
| Clinical sign of African Trypanosomiasis |
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Definition
Can be congenital
Acute stage=fever, H/A, joint pain, itching.
Asymptomatic phase=can last years
Neurological phase=confusion, sensory disturbance, emaciation, seizures, motor disturbance, coma. |
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Term
| Exoerythrocytic phase of malaria life cycle consists of what? |
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Definition
| Phagocytic cells try to kill sporozites but miss a few and the rest go to liver parenchymal cells. Multiply asexually here to fill hepatocytes with organisms until they rupture (6-16d). Released Merozoites enter circulation with RBC. |
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Term
| How does malaria spread around the body? |
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Definition
| via sporozites - located in salivary glands of moquitos. enters blood after bite and migrates to liver to become merozoites. In 9-16d they move to blood to become trophozoites. |
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