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MedChem endocrine 1
lecture 1 pituitary and hypothalamic hormones
32
Medical
Graduate
11/30/2008

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Term
TSH
Definition
thyroid-stimulating hormone: anterior pituitary

water soluble hormone
Term
GH effects:
Definition
Growth hormone (somatotropin: anterior pituitary hormone Effects: Adipose tissue: ­ Lipolysis (to induce hyperglycemia, breaks down lipids)

Muscle: ­ AA uptake­ Protein synthesis (stimulates growth and muscle development)

Liver: ­ Glucose output­ and produces IGF-1

Term
FSH and LH
Definition
follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones: anterior pituitary
Term
ACTH
Definition
adrenocorticotropin: anterior pituitary
Term
prolactin
Definition
prolactin: anterior pituitary hormone

Dopamine must be inhibited to activate prolactin
Term
GHRH
Definition
growth hormone releasing hormone: hypothalamic hormone that stimulates GH
Term
somatostatin
Definition
(Static effect)inhibits GH

hypothalamic hormone
Term
TRH
Definition
thyrotropin releasing hormone: hypothalamic hormone
Term
CRH
Definition
corticotropin-releasing hormone: hypothalamic hormone
Term
GnRH
Definition
gonadotropin-releasing hormone: hypothalamic hormone
Term
Dopamine
Definition
dopamine: hypothalamic hormone (inhibits GH, prolactin, and TSH
Term
IGF-1
Definition
somatomedin- mediates GH and provides negative feedback for GHRH
Term
anterior pituitary system signaling
Definition
hypothalamus sends "releasing factor" through the portal system to affect the anterior pituitary hormones
Term
posterior pituitary system signaling
Definition
communicates via neurons which connect the posterior pituitary to the hypothalamus
Term
ADH
Definition
(ADH)vasopressin, antidiuretic hormone: posterior pituitary (neuron)
Term
Prolactin
Definition
Stimulates milk secretion/production
anterior pituitary hormone
Term
peptide hormones
Definition
water soluble, free form (no carrier), need extracellular receptor, have second messengers, use second messengers,have rapid effects
Ex) GH and Insulin
Term
Steroid hormones
Definition
require a carrier, lipid soluble, cause gene transcription, SLOW Tx dependant response
Ex) glucocorticoids and estrogens
Term
endocrine communication
Definition
hormones traveling via blood or intercellular fluid
Term
paracrine communication
Definition
hormones travl only in intercellular fluid (not blood)
Term
types of hormonal regulation
Definition
positive, negative, and neuronal (epinephrine release from adrenal medulla to release glucocorticoids)
Term
stimulation mainly in pulses
Definition
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)- stimulates adrenocorticotropin release
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)- stimulates gonadotropins in pulses. LH and FSH are collectively known as gonadotropins.
Term
mechanism of endocrine disease
Definition
almost always due to hormone deficiency
Term
causes of hormone deficiency
Definition
infection, infarction, autoimmune attack, genetic defect, tumor growth (comression)
Term
hormonal excess ex)
Definition
cushings syndrome- excess cortisol
Term
endocrine autoimune disease ex)
Definition
hyperthyroidism- produces autoantibodies which mimic the effect of TSH, resulting in hyperthyroidism
Term
Pituitary gland secretes:
(Anterior and Posterior)
Definition
Anterior: ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, prolactin

Posterior: ADH and oxytocin
Term
Pancreas secretes:
Definition
insulin and glucagon
Term
Thyroid gland secretes:
Definition
T3 and T4 and calcitonin
(Triiodothyronine and thyroxine )
Term
Parathyroid actions:
Definition
low Ca++ levels stimulate PTH to increase plasma Ca++ and PO4
Term
Reproductive glands secrete:
Definition
estrogen, progesterone, testosterone
Term
secondary deficiencies are caused by:
Definition
pituitary tumors
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