Shared Flashcard Set

Details

MEDchem 3 test 1
muscarinic antagonists
25
Medical
Graduate
02/02/2009

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Muscarinic receptor agonists action (in General)
Definition
do the opposite of the parasympathetic
Term

atropine/scopolamine effects on:

eye

Cardiovasular system

respiratory system

Definition

eye- pupillary dilation

cardiovascular system- increased heart rate respiratory system-dilates bronchioles

Term
atropine effect on blood vessels
Definition
no effect because most blood vessels are not innervated
Term

atropine/scopolamine effect on

GI

salivary glands

sweat glands

urinary tract

Definition

GI- reduces motility and secretions

salivary glands- inhibits salvation

sweat glands- inhibits sweating

Urinary tract- inhibits urinary contractions (used for IBS)

Term
atropine/scopolamine effect on the CNS
Definition
atropine- only effects CNS in high/toxic doses Scopolamine is tertiary and does cross the BBB. it blocks receptors that keep us awake so it causes sedation
Term
atropine and scopolamine receptor selectivity
Definition

nicotinic receptors- no affinity

 

muscarinic receptors- not selective

Term
atropine dose related responses from lowest to highest dose
Definition
less salvation < increased HR = less accomodation <GI effects
Term
susceptible patient populations to the effects of muscarinic antagonists
Definition

elderly- CNS effects at low doses

 

elderly- can be misdiagnosed with dementia

 

children- CNS effects at low doses

 

children- hyperthermia caused by blocking sweat glands

Term
other drug classes that block muscarinic receptors
Definition

antidepressents

 

antipsychotics

 

antihistamines

 

urinary incontinence

Term
quaternary amine properties such as atropine
Definition
not absorbed systemically
Term
tertiary amine properties
Definition

increased lipophilicity

 

CNS effects- to treat Parkinsons

 

urinary retention

 

eye- pupilary dilation

Term
propantheline
Definition

use: GI hyper-motility, IBS, colitis

 

structure quaternary amine- poorly absorbed systemically

 

MOA: increases stomach emptying time

Term
tolterodine
Definition

Use: urinary incontinence

 

Strucuture: tertiary amine- well absorbed from GI not drug of choice because its not M3 selective

Term
dicyclomine
Definition

use: to treat GI hypermotility

 

-less useful than quaternary amines due to more systemic side effects

Term
benztropine theraputic use:
Definition

use: parkinsons disease

 

Structure: tertiary amine- crosses BBB

Term
tropicamide
Definition

use- diagnostic- dilates pupil and blocks accommodation

 

advantage: has the shortest half life of ophthalmology drugs

 

-ophthalmic drug of choice

Term
ophthalmic use of atropine and scopolamine
Definition

use- dilates pupils

 

atropine duration of action: (7-10 days)

 

scopolamine duration of action: 3-7 days

Term
atropine therapeutic use
Definition

GI use; diarrhea, IBS (antispasmodic)

 

MOA: reduce gastric secretions and motility also for muschroom posioning b/c they contain muscarinic agonists

Term
Ipratropium therapeutic uses
Definition

respiratory disorder use: COPD/lung disease, colds and hay fever

 

MOA: bronchiodilation

Term
scopolamine therapeutic use
Definition

use: motion sickness

 

MOA: unsure

Term
tropicamide
Definition

eye uses: pupillary dilation for cycloplegia patients that have failure of accommodation

 

advantages: increased lipophilicity and decreased half life

Term
Tripitamine therapeutic uses
Definition

use: treat bradycardia for post-myocardial infarction

 

M2 selective antagonist (preclinical)

Term

therapeutic use of:

Darifenacin – tertiary amine

Solifenacin – tertiary amine

Trospium – quatinary amine

Definition
used solely for incontinance (urinary urgency as in UTI) M3 selective antagonist
Term
adverse effects of muscarinic receptor antagonists
Definition

blurred vision

 

confusion

 

mydriasis (dilated pupil)

 

constipation

 

urinary retention

Term
muscarinic receptor antagonist contraindications
Definition

glaucoma,

 

benign prostatic hyperlasia- because they already have trouble peeing,

 

gastric ulcer- because these drugs increase gastric acid production

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