cardi/o- heart

vascul/o-blood vessel

-ar pertaining to

apic/o- apex(tip)

-al pertaining to

• between right atrium and right ventricle
• 3 trianglur cusp or leaflets
• opens as the right atrium contracts

• between right ventiricle and pulmonary trunk
• openxs as the right ventricle contracts to allow blood flow tino the pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries

• between left atrium and left ventricle
• opens as left atrium contracts so blood goes from left atrium to left ventricle

• between the left ventricle and Aorta
• opens as left ventircle contracts to allow blood to flow from left venticle to Aorta

tr-

cusp/o- projection; point

-id

resembling source or origin

pulmon/o- lung

-ary pertaining to

mitr/o-structure like a miter(tall hat with 2 points)

-al pertaining to

bi- two

cusp/o- projection; point

-id resmebling; source or origin

rope like connective tissues attatched to the valve leaflets of the tricuspid and mitral valves

other end anchored to small muscles on wall of ventricles

my/o-muscle- muscle

cardi/o-heart

-um a structure; perios of time

muscular layer of the heart

innermost lasyer of heart

endo-innermost; within

cardi/o- heart

-um a structure; period of time

• pericardium
• pericardial sac
• viceral pericardium/epicardium
• parietal pericardium

• peri-around, cardi/o-heart -um a structure 
• outermost layer
• peri-around cardi/o- heart -al pertaining to
• a membrane that surrounds the heart and realeases pericardial fluid
• vicer/o- large internal organs -al pertaining to
• epicardium epi-upon or above cardi/o-heart -um a strucure
• part of membrane that is next to heart
• pariet/o-wall of a cavity -al pertaing to
• outer wall of pericardial sac

thorac/o-thorax(chest)

-ic pertainign to

contains lungs and mediastinum

an irregularly shaped cental area betwwiin the lungs

Contains the heart adn part of the great vessles as well as the thymus, trachea and the esophogus

close relationship between heart and thoratic cavity

cardi/o-heart

thorac/o- thorax (chest)

-ic pertaining to

The blood vessles  associated with a particular organ

vascul/o- blood vessel

-ature system composed of

smooth inner layer that promotes the flow of blood

endo-innermost; within

theli/o- cellular layer

-um a structure; period of time

arteries

arterioles

blood vessel large blood vessel branch into smaller ateries calles arterioles

1. carry blood awy form hear to body or lungs
2. bright red bloos that has high 0₂ exepting pulmonary arteries
3. mostlie deep beneeth skin, ones close to surface are where we feel a pulse
4. have smooth muscles in their walls-when this contracts the lumen of the artery decreses in size ad the pressure of bloos in artery increses, when it relxes the lumen increses in size and pressure decreases

when the smooth muscle of the arteries contract

vas/o- blood vessel; vas deferens

smooth musle of the artery relaxes

vas/o- blood vessel

dilat/o- dilate

-ion action; condition

arteries

capilalries

veins

smallest blood vessel in body

blood vessels pass thorugh lumen single file

connect to arterioles and venules

capill/o- hairlike structure; capillary

-ary pertaining to

smalls veins from combinde capilaries

venules combine to form viens

ven/o- vein

-ule small thing

1. carry blood to heart from body or lungs
2. carry dark red purple blood low levels of oxygen expeting pulmonary veins
3. large veins gave valves that keep bloos flwing in one directiontowrd the heart
4. many near the surface

largest artery in bosy

recieves oxygenated blood from left ventricle

branch from ascending aorta, before blood goes to body it goes to herat through the coranry arteries

coron/o- structure that encircles liek a crown

-ary pertaining to

• brachiocephalic trunk
• right common cartoid atery
• right subclavian artery
• left common cartoid artery
• left subclavian artery

bring oxygynated bloos to neck, face, head and brain

car/o- stupor; sleep

bring oxygenated blood to shoulder

goes underneath clavicle then continues to axillary artery

sub- below

clav/o-clavicle (collar bone)

-ian pertaining to

in area of armpit continues from aubclavicular artery

axill/o- axilla (armpit)

divides into:

brachial artery

radial artery

ulanr artery

travels inferiorly through the thoratic cavity

branches into arterie that bring oxygenated blood to esophagus, muscles between the ribs, diaphragm, upper spinal cord, and back

abdominal aorta

splits in 2 to form..

bring oxygenated blodo to organs in the abdominopelvic cavity including somach liver , gallbaldder, pacreae, spleen, small intenstine, large intestine, adrenal glands, kidneys(renal arteries), ovaries, testes, and lower spinal cord

splits in two to form left and right iliac arteris

ilaiac arteries

becomes...

ili/o- illium (hip bone

-ic pertaingin to

bring oxygenated blood to hip and groin

continues as femoral artery

femoral atery

becomes..

brings oxygenated blood to upper leg

 becomes popliteal atery

popliteal

divides into...

poplite/o- back of the knee

-al pertaiing to

dived into tibial artery and peroneal artery

brings oxygenated blood to little toe side of lower leg

perone/o- fibula (lower leg bone pinky toe side)

-al peratining to

Venae Cava

superior

inferior

2 major veins of body

superior- blood from head necks arms and chest to the right atrium

inferior- carreis blood formt he rest of he body except lungs to right atrium

major vein

carries blood from intestines to liver

pot/o- poin of entry

-al pertaining to

saphenous vein 

femoral vein

major vein

carries blood form leg to groin

saphen/o- clearly visable

-ous pertaing to

systemic

pulmonary

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins evrywhere in the blosy, except in the lungs

system/o- the body as whole

-ic pertaingint o

circulat/o= movement in a circular route

-ion action; condition

how heart contracts and relaxes ina  regular rhythm

conduct/o- carrying; conveying

-ion action; condition

pacemaker

small area in posterior wall odf right atrium initiates the electrical impulse that begins each heartbeat

casues both atria to contract simultaniously

sin/o- hollow cavity; channel

arti/o- atrium (uppper heart chamber)-al pertaining to

atrioventricular node

(AV node)

small are in right atrium near interatrial spetum

SA node

atria contract

AV node

Bundle of His

right left bundle branches each end in a network of nerves:

 Purkinje fibers

ventricles contract

contraction

rest between contractions

diastol/o dilating

-ic pertaining to

area in atria and venticles that can spontaneously prodie electricl impulses on their own

ectop/o- outside of a place

-ic pertaing to

mild to severe chest pain caused by ishemia of the myocardium Atherosclerosis blocks the flow fo oxygenated blood through the coronary arteries to the myocardium. There can be a crushing, pressure like sensation in the chest, with pain extending up into the neck or down the left arm, often accompanied by extreme sweating (diaphoresis)  and sense of doon. Angina pectoris can occur during exercise or while resting. It is a warning sign of an impending myocardial infarction. Treatment :Nitroglycerin drugs, oxygen therapy.                     pector/o- chest

local deficiency of blood supply produced by vasoconstriction or local obstacles to the arterial flow.      

isch/o- keep back; block

-emia conditions of the blood; substance in the blood

Inability of heart to pump sufficient amounts of bloos

caused by coranary heart diseas and hypertension the myocardium enlarges then loses its abiltiy to contract

right side  jugular veins can becomes enlarged, liver can enlarge, peripheral edema in legs, ankles, and feet.

left side blood backs up in lungs, cauding pulmonary congestion and edema. Shortness fo reath, cough and inablilty to slepp while lying flat. Can be life threatening.

prefix, combining forms, suffix:

congestive

hypertrophy

compensated

decompensated

peripheral

congest/o-accumulation of fluid

-ive pertaining to

hyper- above

-throph/o- -y process of development

compens/o: counterbalance

ated- pertainign to a condition; composed of

peripher/o- outer aspects

-al pertaining to

death of myocardial cells due to sever ischemia

flow of blood in coroanry artery is blocked

my/o- muscle

cardi/o- heart

-al pertaining to

infarct/o-area of dead tissue

-ion action; condition

necr/o dead cells, tissue, or body

-osis condition; anormal condition; process

infarcated area of myocardium has necrosis

structural abnormality in which leaflets of the mitral valve do not close tightly

regurgitiation as blood flows back into the left atrium with each contraction. 

inflamation or infection of the pericardial sac with and excessive accumulation of pericardil fluid caridac tamponade can occur

peri-around

card/i- heart

-itis inflamtion of; infection of

heart beats too slowly

brady- slow

cad/i- heart

ic- pertaining to

produces narrow hardened ateries

arteri/o- artery

scerl/o- hard scler(white of the eye)

-tic pertaining to

hypotension

hypertension

hypo- 90/60 and below

hyper-140/90 and above