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Med term ch 5
Integumentary system
179
Medical
Graduate
03/09/2008

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Term

Adip/o

Definition

Fat 

Term

Lip/o 

Definition

fat 

Term

 steat/o 

Definition

 fat 

Term
derm/o
Definition
skin
Term
dermat/o
Definition
skin
Term
cutane/o
Definition
skin
Term
erythr/o
Definition
red
Term
hidr/o
Definition
sweat
Term
hist/o
Definition
tissue
Term
histi/o
Definition
tissue
Term
ichthy/o
Definition
fish
Term
kerat/o
Definition
hard
Term
scler/o
Definition
hard
Term

leuk/o 

Definition
white
Term
melan/o
Definition
black
Term
myc/o
Definition
fungus
Term
onych/o
Definition
nail
Term
plas/o
Definition
formation
Term
purpur/o
Definition
purple
Term
seb/o
Definition
sebum (oil)
Term
squam/o
Definition
scale
Term
trich/o
Definition
hair
Term
xanth/o
Definition
yellow
Term
xer/o
Definition
dry
Term
Epithelium
Definition
Cells covering external and internal surfaces of the body
Term
Epidermis
Definition
Thin, cellular outer layer of the skin
Term
Squamous cell layer
Definition
Flat, scale-like epithelial cells comprising the outermost layers of the epidermis
Term
Basal layer
Definition
Deepest region of the epidermis
Term
Melanocyte   
Definition
Cell found in the basal layer that gives color to the skin
Term
Melanin
Definition
Dark brown or black pigment contained in melanocytes
Term
Dermis
Definition
Dense, fibrous connective tissue layer of the skin (aka corium)
Term
Sebaceous glands
Definition
Oil glands of the skin
Term
Sebum   
Definition
Oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glands
Term
Sudoriferous glands
Definition
Sweat glands
Term
Subcutaneous tissue
Definition
Connective and adipose tissue layer just under the dermis
Term
Collagen
Definition
Protein substance found in skin and connective tissue
Term
Hair   
Definition
Outgrowth of the skin composed of keratin
Term
Nail   
Definition
Out growth of the skin attached to the distal end of each finger and toe, composed of keratin
Term
Keratin
Definition
Hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails
Term
Lesion   
Definition
An area of pathologically altered tissue
Term
Primary lesion
Definition
Lesions arising from previously normal skin
Term
Macule (macula)
Definition
Flat, discolored spot on skin up to 1cm across
Term
Patch   
Definition
Flat, discolored area on skin larger than 1cm across
Term
Papule   
Definition
Solid mass on skin up to 0.5cm across
Term
Plaque   
Definition
Solid mass greater than 1cm across, limited to surface of skin
Term
Nodule   
Definition
Solid mass greater than 1cm, which extends deeper into epidermis
Term
Tumor   
Definition
Solid mass larger than 1-2cm
Term
Wheal
Definition
Area of localized skin edema
Term
Vesicle   
Definition
Little bladder, elevated, fluid filled sac (blister) within or under epidermis up to 0.5cm across
Term
bulla
Definition
a blister larger than 0.5cm
Term
pustule
Definition
a pus-filled sac
Term
secondary lesion
Definition
lesions that result in changes in primary lesions
Term
erosion
Definition
to gnaw away; loss of superficial epidermis leaving an area of moisture but no bleeding
Term
ulcer
Definition
an open sore on the skin or mucous membrane that can bleed and scar and is sometimes accompanied by infection
Term
excoriation
Definition
a scratch mark
Term
fissure
Definition
a linear crack in the skin
Term
scale
Definition
a thin flake of exfoliated epidermis
Term
crust
Definition
dried residue of serum, pus, or blood on the skin
Term
cicatrix of the skin
Definition
a mark left by the heaing of a sore or wound showing the replacement of destroyed tissue by fibrous tissue (cicatrix = scar)
Term
keloid
Definition
an abnormal overgrowth of scar tissue that is thick and irregular
Term
vascular lesions
Definition
lesions of a blood vessel
Term
cherry angioma
Definition
a small, round, bright-red blood vessel tumor on the skin, often on the trunk of the elderly
Term
telangiectasia/ spider angioma
Definition
a tiny, red blood vessel lesion formed by the dilation of a group of blood vessels radiating from a central arteriole, most commonly seen on the face, neck, or chest
Term
purpuric lesions
Definition
purpura; lesions as a result of hemorrages into the skin
Term
petechia
Definition
spot; a reddish-brown, minute hemorrhagic spot on the skin that indicates a bleeding tendancy- small purpura
Term
ecchymosis
Definition
bruise; a black and blue mark- large purpura
Term
epidermal tumors
Definition
skin tumors arising from the epidermis
Term
nevus
Definition
a congenital malformation on the skin that can be epidermal or vascular- also called a mole
Term
dysplastic nevus
Definition
a mole with precancerous changes
Term
verruca
Definition
an epidermal tumor caused by a papilloma virus- also called a wart
Term
alopecia
Definition
baldness; natural or unnatural deficiency of hair
Term
comedo (comedos, comedones)
Definition
a plug of sebum (oil) within the opening of a hair follicle
Term
cloed comedo (whitehead)
Definition
below the skin surface with a white center
Term
open comedo (black head)
Definition
open to the skin surface with a black center caused by the presence of melanin exposed to air
Term
eruption
Definition
appearance of a skin lesion
Term
erythema
Definition
redness of the skin
Term
pruritus
Definition
severe itching
Term
rash
Definition
a general term for skin eruption, most often associated with communicable disease
Term
skin pigmentation
Definition
skin color due to the presence of melanin
Term
depigmentation
Definition
loss of melanin pigment in the skin
Term
hypopigmentation
Definition
areas of the skin lacking color due to deficient amounts of melanin
Term
hyperpigmentation
Definition
darkened areas of skin caused by excessive amounts of melanin
Term
suppuration
Definition
production of purulent matter (pus)
Term
urticaria
Definition
hives; an eruption of wheals on the skin accompanied by itch
Term
xeroderma
Definition
dry skin
Term
acne
Definition
an inflammation of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin evidenced by comedones, pustules, or nodules on the skin
Term
albinism
Definition
a hereditary condition characterized by a partial or total lack of melanin pigment (particularly in the eyes, skin, and hair)
Term
burn
Definition
any injury to body caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, radiation, or gases
Term
first degree burn
Definition
s burn involving only the epidermis, characterized by erythema (redness) and hyperesthesia (excessive sensation)
Term
second-degree burn
Definition
a burn involving the epidermis and the dermis, characterized by erythema, hyperesthesia, and vesications (blisters)
Term
third-degree burn
Definition
a burn involving all layers of the skin, characterized by the destruction of the epidermis and dermis with damage or destruction of the subcutaneous tissue
Term
cellulitis
Definition
an acute inflammation of subcutatneous tissue resulting from a bacterial invasion through a break in the skin (cellula= small store room)
Term
dermatitis (eczema)
Definition
an inflammation of the skin characterized by redness, pruritis, and various lesions
Term
atopic dermatitis
Definition
a chronic skin inflammation characterized by the appearance of inflamed, swollen papules and vesicles that crust and scale, with severe itching and burning (occurs in people with atopy)
Term
contact dermatitis
Definition
an inflammation of the skin resulting from contact with a substance to which one is allergic or one that is known to irritate skin
Term
seborrheic dermatitis
Definition
redness of the skin covered by a yellow, oily, itchy scale most commonly at the hairline, forehead, and around the nose, ears, or eyelashes (refered to as cradle cap in infants)
Term
dermatosis
Definition
any disorder of the skin
Term
exanthematous viral disease
Definition
eruption of the skin caused by a viral disease
Term
rubella
Definition
reddish; German measles
Term
rubeola
Definition
reddish; 14-day measles
Term
varicella
Definition
a tiny spot; chickenpox
Term
eczema
Definition
to boil out; ther term is often used intercheangably with dermatitis to denote a skin condition characterized by the appearance of inflamed, swollen papules and vesicles that crust and scale, often with sensations of itching and burning
Term
furuncle
Definition
a boil; a painful nodule formed in the skin by inflammation orifginating in a hair follicle- caused by staph
Term
carbuncle
Definition
a skin condition consisting of clusters of furuncles
Term
abscess
Definition
a localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by the inflammation of surrounding tissues that heals when drained or excised
Term
gangrene
Definition
an eating sore; death of tissue associated with a loss of blood supply resulting from trauma or an inflammatory or infectious process such as seen in complications of frostbite, severe burns, and conditions that affect circulation
Term
herpes simplex virus type 1
Definition
transient viral vesicles that infect the facial area, especially the mouth and nose
Term
herpes simplex virus type 2
Definition
sexually transmitted ulcer-like lesions of the genital and anorectal skin and mucosa; after initial infection, the virus lies dormant in teh nerve cell root and may recur at times of stress
Term
herpes zoster
Definition
a viral disease affecting the peripheral nerves characterized by painful blisters that spread over the skin following the affected nerves; usually unilateral- aka shingles
Term
ichthyosis
Definition
a skin condition caused by a gene defect that results in dry, thick, scaly skin
Term
impetigo
Definition
highly contagious, bacterial skin inflammation marked by pustules that rupture and become crusted- most often occurs around the mouth and nostrils
Term
keratoses
Definition
thickened areas of epidermis
Term
actinic keratosis/ solar keratosis
Definition
localized thickening of the skin caused by excessive exposure to sunlight; a known precursor to cancer
Term
seborrheic keratosis
Definition

benign wart-like lesions

Term
lupus
Definition
a chronic autoimmune diease characterized by inflammation of various parts of the body
Term
cutaneous lupus
Definition
limited to the skin; evidenced by a characteristic rash especially on the face, neck and scalp
Term
systemic lupus erythematous
Definition
a more severe form of lupus involving the skin, joints, and often vital organs
Term
malignant cutaneous neoplasm
Definition
skin cancer
Term
squamous cell carcinoma
Definition
a malignant tumor of the squamous epidermis
Term
basal cell carcinoma
Definition
a malignat tumor of the basal layer of the epidermis
Term
malignant melanoma
Definition
a malignant tumor composed of melanocytes- most develop from a pigments nevus over time
Term
Kaposi sarcoma
Definition
a malignant tumor of the walls of blood vessels appearing as painless, dark bluish-purple plaques on the skin; often spreads to lymph nodes and internal organs
Term
onychia
Definition
inflammation of the fingernail or toenail
Term
paronychia
Definition
inflammation of the nail fold
Term
pediculosis
Definition
infestation with lice that causes itching and dermatitis
Term
pediculosis capitis
Definition
head lice
Term
pediculosis pubis
Definition
lice that generally infect the pubic region, but hair of the axilla, eyebrows, lashes, beard, or other hairy body surfaces may also be involved
Term
psoriasis
Definition
an itching; chronic, recurrent skin diseas marked by silver-gray scales covering red patches on the skin that result from overproduction and thickening of skin cells- elbows, knees, genitals, arms, legs, scalp, and nails commonly involved
Term
scabies
Definition
a contagious disease caused by a parisite (mite) that invades the skin, causing an intense itch- most often found at articulations between the fingers or toes, elbows, etc.
Term
seborrhea
Definition
a skin condition marked by teh hypersecretion of sebum from the sebaceaous glands
Term
tinea
Definition
a group of fungal skin diseases identified by the body part that is affected (tinea corporis- ring worm)
Term
vitiligo
Definition
a condition caused by the destruction of melanin that results in the appearance of white patches on teh skin, commonly the face, hands, legs, and genital areas
Term
biopsy
Definition
removal of a small piece of tissue for microscopic pathological examination
Term
excisional Bx
Definition
removal of an entire lesion
Term
incisional Bx
Definition
removal of a selected portion of a lesion
Term
shave Bx
Definition
using a surgical blade "shave" tissue from the epidermis and upper dermis
Term
Culture and sensitivity
Definition
a technique of isolating and growing colonies of microorganisms to identify a pathogen and to determine which drugs might be effective in combating the infection it has caused
Term
frozen section
Definition
a surgical method involving cutting a thin piece of tissue from a frozen specimen for immediate pathological examination
Term
skin tests
Definition
methods for determining the reaction of the body to a given substance by applying it to, or injecting it into the skin
Term
scratch test
Definition
substance is applied to the skin through a scratch
Term
patch test
Definition
substance is applied topically to the skin on a small piece of blotting paper or wet cloth
Term
chemosurgery (chemical peel)
Definition
technique for restoring wrinkled, scarred, or blemished skin by application of an acid solution to "peel" away the top layers of the skin
Term
cryosurgery
Definition
distruction of tissue by freezing
Term
dermabrasion
Definition
surgical removal of frozen epidermis using wire brushes and emery papers to remove scars, tattoos, and/or wrinkles; aerosol spray used to freeze the skin
Term
debridement
Definition
removal of dead tissue from a wound or burn site to promote healing and prevent infections
Term
curettage
Definition
to clean; scraping a wound using a spoon-like cutting instrument called a curette; used in debridement
Term
electrosurgical
Definition
use of electric current to destroy tissue
Term
electrocautery
Definition
use of instrument heated by electric current to coagulate bleeding areas by burning the tissue
Term
electrodesiccation
Definition
use of short, high frequency, electric currents to destroy tissue by drying- the active electrode makes contact with the skin
Term
fulguration
Definition
to lighten; use of long, high frequency, electric sparks to destroy tissue; the active electrode does not touch the skin
Term
incision and drainage (I&D)
Definition
incision and drainage of an infected skin lesion
Term
laser surgery
Definition
surgery using a laser in various dermatological procedures to remove lesions, scars, tattoos, etc
Term
laser
Definition
an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation; concentrates high frequencies of light into a small, extremely intense beam that is precise in depth an diameter
Term
Mohs surgery
Definition
a technique to excise tumors of the skin by removing fresh tissue layer by layer until a tumor free plane is reached
Term
skin grafting
Definition
transfer of skin from one part of the body to another to replace skin lost through burns or injuries
Term
autograft
Definition
from same individual
Term
homograft/ allograft
Definition
between two individuals of the same species
Term
xenograft/heterograft
Definition
transfer from one species to another
Term
chemotherapy
Definition
treatment of malignancies, infections, and other diseases with chemical agents that destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce
Term
radiation therapy
Definition
treatment of neoplastic disease by using ionizing radiation to deter proliferation of malignant cells
Term
sclerotherapy
Definition
use of sclerosing sgents in treating diseases
Term
ultraviolet therapy
Definition
use of ultraviolet light to promote healing of a skin lesion
Term
anesthetic
Definition
a drug that temporarily blocks transmission of nerve conduction to produce a loss of sensation
Term
antibiotic
Definition
a drug that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms
Term
antifungal
Definition
a drug that kills or prevents the growth of fungus
Term
antihistamine
Definition
drug that blocks the effects of histamine in the body
Term
histamine
Definition
regulating body substance released in excess during allergic reactions causing swelling and inflammation of tissues
Term
anti-inflammatory
Definition
drug that reduces inflammation
Term
antipruritic
Definition
drug that relieves itching
Term
antiseptic
Definition
agent that inhibits the growth of infectious microorganisms
Term
BCC
Definition
BASAL CELL CARCINOMA
Term
SCC
Definition
SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
Term
Bx
Definition
BIOPSY
Term
C&S
Definition
CULTURE AND SENSITIVITY
Term
FS
Definition
FROZEN SECTION
Term
HSV-1
Definition
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 1
Term
HSV-2
Definition
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 2
Term
I&D
Definition
INCISION AND DRAINAGE
Term
SLE
Definition
SYSTEMATIC LUPUS ERYTHERMATOSUS
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