Term
|
Definition
| affects bones, joints, muscles, skin and other connective tissue |
|
|
Term
somatic
superficial pain
(cutaneous) |
|
Definition
like a paper cut or inset bite
sharp or burning |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
r/t injury( surgery, thermal, chemical, trauma) involving pain receptors in skin, joints, walls of organs
sharp, aching dulling, throbbing, burning, intense |
|
|
Term
somatic
deep
acute
-characteristics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dull aching difuse i.e arthritis |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| affects organs i.e heart kidneys intestine r/t disease or injury |
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|
Term
| visceral pain characteristics |
|
Definition
diffuse, poorly localized, dull, throbbing
-sympathetic s/s of pain
- may be referred, percieved away from actual source |
|
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Term
|
Definition
nerve damage causing abnormal processing of sensations
|
|
|
Term
neuropathic pain
eitiology |
|
Definition
can be: - peripheral pathway or processing center of brain
- complication of another disorder i.e diabetes mellitus, amputation, Spinal cord injury, post herpetic neuralgia, chemo
|
|
|
Term
neuropathic pain
characteristics |
|
Definition
| shooting, tingling, burning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
neuropeptides
substance P |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
neuropeptides
endorphins and enkephalines |
|
Definition
SHORTER ACTING
morphine like
blocks receptors for substance P and promote a feeling of well being |
|
|
Term
neuropeptides
location/characteristics |
|
Definition
found in pituitary and CNS
and stimulated by acupuncture, acupressure, TENS units, placebo |
|
|
Term
phases of pain
transduction |
|
Definition
| injury-> prostaglandins and chemical mediators released -> excite nociceptors-> pain impulse starts moving |
|
|
Term
phases of pain
transmission |
|
Definition
| pain impulse-> peripheral nerve to spinal cord-> substance P relays pain impulses to brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
transduction
transmission
perception
modulation |
|
|
Term
phases of pain
perception |
|
Definition
| pain impulse moves from brain stem, thalamus, and cortex -> pt. aware of pain (brain gate) |
|
|
Term
phases of pain
modulation |
|
Definition
impulse moves from brain to spinal cord -> endorphins secreted-> pain sensation altered
-stumulated by acupuncture/pressure, TENs, placebos |
|
|
Term
peripheral fibers
unmyelinated C- fibers |
|
Definition
small, slow, carry dull achy burning pain
-play a role in chronic pain |
|
|
Term
peripheral fibers
A-alpha and A-beta |
|
Definition
large myelinated
carry less intense sensations
-i.e touch and temperature |
|
|
Term
peripheral fibers
A-delta |
|
Definition
small, myelinated, fast
carry :
sharp
pricking
painful impulses |
|
|
Term
spinal cord gate
-gate theory- |
|
Definition
large and small fibers compete for the pathways
|
|
|
Term
spinal cord gate
-gate theory-
eitology |
|
Definition
| more large fibers stimulated -> closes gate -> pain impulse not transmitted to brain |
|
|
Term
spinal cord gate
-gate theory-
large fiber stimuated by |
|
Definition
massage - i.e rubbing stubbed toe
heat and cold therapy
acupuncture/pressure
TENs unit (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| brain can only accept a limitied number of signals so bombarding the gate closes the gate --> decreases the number of pain signals that get through |
|
|
Term
brain gate
-gate theory-
closes the brain gate: |
|
Definition
decreasing anxiety level
relaxation
distraction
imagery |
|
|
Term
brain gate
-gate theory-
pain ususally: |
|
Definition
returns when the stimulus us gone
so dont withhold analgesics |
|
|
Term
| the WHO ladder pain management: |
|
Definition
-nonopiods
-opiods
-anticonvulsants
-antidepressants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
transduction phase
ex. tylenol, NSAIDS
these medications do not cause dependence or tolerance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transmission and perception phases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
modulation phase
ex. neurontin
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
modulation phase
ex/ elavil |
|
|
Term
pain management
spinal (intrathecal) |
|
Definition
one time by anesthesiologist
-uses special preservative free meds!
*special preservative free meds MUST BE USED
ordinary medication use preservatives which are NEUROTOXIC and must never be used for the intrathecal route |
|
|
Term
pain management
nerve blocks |
|
Definition
local anesthetic delivered by anesthesiologist
-injected into a particular nerve to provide pain relief in a particular area
* can be repeated PRN |
|
|
Term
surgical management
Rhizotomy |
|
Definition
| cut sensory nerve root just before it enters the spinal cord (may do closed- destroy area with cold or chemicals) |
|
|
Term
surgical management
cordotomy |
|
Definition
| cut sensory nerve tract in spinal cord |
|
|
Term
surgical management
sympathectomy |
|
Definition
| cut sympathetic nerve fibers |
|
|
Term
| surgery for pain control is |
|
Definition
a last resort
PERMANENT
and can have serious consequences |
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