Term
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Definition
| HDI: an index that measures a country's average achievement in 3 basic aspects of human development. |
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| 3 Aspects Measured by the HDI |
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Definition
Longevity
Knowledge
Standard of Living |
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Definition
| measured by life expectancy at birth |
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Definition
| measured by adult literacy rate (male and female) + combined primary and secondary school enrolment. |
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Definition
| measured by the Gross Domestic Product per capita |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. Capture attention of policy makers, media and NGO's to draw their attention to human outcomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| emphasizes that people and their capabilities should be used to measure a country's development, rather than economic growth. |
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Definition
| highlights the differences between and within countries to show disparities in development. |
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Definition
| to question international and national policy choices. |
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| Issues to consider with the HDI |
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Definition
- not a true measure of development, b/c other criteria would need to be considered
- does not consider political participation or gender inequalities |
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Term
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Definition
Gender Related development index
- measures the same criteria as HDI with adjustments for gender inequalities |
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Definition
Gender Empowerment Measure
- measures gender inequality in government, economy, and resources. |
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Definition
Measures:
- level of poverty in the country
- opportunities people have to get out of poverty |
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Term
Causes of Underdevelopment
(7) |
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Definition
1. War 2. Colonialism
3. Corruption 4. Lack of Resources
5. Poverty and Inequality
6. Trade 7. Malnutrition |
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Term
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Definition
- people, especially working age males, are killed and injured
- funds directed to the war that would have been used for other projects
- infrastructure destroyed
- crops not harvested, food + water sources unreliable |
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Term
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Definition
- cycle of colonialism
- indigenous people work for colonialist population, low wages
- when colonists leave, indigenous people lose everything |
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Definition
1. expansionist countries establish control of foreign lands
2. controlling country taxes and seizes land and resources from indigenous people
3. controlling country leaves |
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Definition
- misuse of power can cause a country to remain impoverished
- e.g. Nigeria's oil wealth embezzled by finance ministers |
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Definition
- low natural resource affects development
- at a disadvantage internationally (trade + economy), as well as nationally (strain on the population) |
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Term
| 5. Poverty and Inequality |
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Definition
- not all LEDC's can thrive on their own
- e.g. China and India experienced economic growth b/c of trade |
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Term
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Definition
- LEDC's are taken advantage of by MEDC's through unfair trade agreements
- LEDC's generally export cheaper goods than they import
- Trading blocks prevent LEDCs' economies from growing. |
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Term
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Definition
- malnutrition for a long time causes problems with mental and physical growth
- when workforce are weak and stunted, they are less prodctive |
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Term
| Rostow's Model of Development |
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Definition
- used to describe and understand levels of development
1. traditional society
2. pre-conditions for takeoff
3. takeoff
4. drive to maturity
5. mass consumption |
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Term
| Stage 1: Traditional Society |
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Definition
- subsistence economy
- based on agriculture, few outside connections
- low pop. growth
- Stage 1 of DTM |
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