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ME Exam II Vocab
Vocab
18
Science
Undergraduate 4
10/23/2012
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Term
Facilitation Model
 Definition
One species facilitates another (pioneer sp. required for future species).  One example is algae cannot grow on substratee until diatoms have settled.
Term
Inhibition Model
 Definition
No species is superior; therefore, earliest to colonize "wins" the region. This model becomes very disrupted by predation and grazzing pressures.
Term
Tolerance Model
 Definition
Any species can start succession, but change occurs when better adapted, more tolerant plants outcompete present species.
Term
4 Factors Influencing Rocky Shore Larval Recruitment
 Definition
  1. Competition
  2. Predation
  3. Grazing
  4. Larval Settlement
Term
Trophic Cascade Hypothesis
 Definition
Predators in food webs reduce the abundance of their prey species.  If removed (e.g. overfished), the next trophic level is "released" of predation pressure and proliferates, causing a decrease in their prey species, etc.
Term
4 Consequences of Predation
 Definition
  1. Restricted distribution and abundance of prey
  2. Influence community organization (e.g. keystone species).
  3. Influence primary production and energy flow through ecosystems
  4. Ecological interactions drive evolutionary forces, affecting adaptations.
Term
Red Queen Hypothesis
 Definition
For an evolutionary system, continuing development is needed just in order to maintain fitness relative to the system it is coevolving with.
Term
Diffuse Coevolution
 Definition
Two or more species interact with two or more groups (such as bees and flowers for pollination).
Term
Physical Factors Causing Zonation on Rocky Shores
 Definition
  1. Temperature
  2. Salinity
  3. Water movement
Term
Biological Factors Causing Zonation on Rocky Shores
 Definition
  1. Predation
  2. Competition
  3. Grazing
  4. Larval Settlement
Term
Estuary
 Definition
Semi-enclosed coastal body of water where fresh-and-seawater meet which has a free connection to the open sea with both tidal and riverine influence.
Term

4 Types of Estuaries

 

 Definition
  • Coastal Plain-Flooding of previous coastal plains
  • Tetectonic-Flooding of land (e.g. subsidence in San Francisco Bay)
  • Positive-River dominant (Galveston Bay)
  • Negative-"evaporative" (Lower Laguna Madre)
Term
Selective Tidal Stream Transport
 Definition
The use of tidal water movement by organisms in order to move into & away from shore.  To get in, they use flood tides and to get out they use ebb tides.  To stay in, organisms get down during ebb tides (get down during flood tides to stay out).
Term
Salt Marshes
 Definition
Tends to dominate where land meets water, in climates that have an average winter temperature below 16oC.  High levels of productivity due to vascular plants and algae.
Term
Eutrophication
 Definition
High nutrient influx which causes algal and/or phytoplankton blooms.
Term
Primary Producers of salt marshes, inter-island, nearshore, Sargassum mats, and seagrasses.
 Definition
  • SALT MARSH: Some algae and largely detritus
  • INTER-ISLAND: Phytoplankton (POM)
  • NEARSHORE: Phytoplankton (POM) and kelp
  • SARGASSUM MATS: Phytoplankton (POM)
  • SEAGRASSES: Detritus
Term
δ13C signatures for seagrass, salt marsh, and phytoplankton.
 Definition
  • Seagrass: -10
  • Salt Marsh: -12
  • Phytoplankton: -22

 
Term
Physical Factors Affecting Rocky Shore Zonation
 Definition
Dessication and Temperature (Water movement can affect too).
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