Term
| The atrioventricular valves are also called |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The visceral pericardium is found |
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Definition
| adhering to the surface of the heart |
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Term
| The correct layers of the heart, from superficial to deep, are: |
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Definition
| epicardium, myocardium, endocardium |
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Term
| Respectively, the right and left atrioventriculars valves are also reffered to as: |
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Definition
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Term
| Semilunar valves prevent backflow of the blood into the: |
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Definition
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Term
| The most abundant blood supply goes to the |
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Definition
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Term
| The cavity of the heart that normally has the thickest wall is the: |
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Definition
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Term
| The pacemaker of the heart is the: |
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Definition
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Term
| The aorta carries blood out of the: |
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Definition
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Term
| The superior vena cava returns blood to the: |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood returns from the lungs during pulmonary circulation via the: |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood flow from the heart to all parts of the body and back again is known as |
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Definition
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Term
| The normal pattern of impulse conduction through the heart is: |
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Definition
| SA node, AV node, AV bunde, Purkinje fibers |
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Term
| Under resting conditions, the SA node fires at an intrisic rhythmic rate of: |
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Definition
| 70 to 75 betas per minute |
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Term
| An ECG P wave represents: |
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Definition
| depolarization of the atria |
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Term
| Repolarization of the atria is: |
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Definition
| masked by the massive ventricular depolarization |
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Term
| Contraction of the ventricles produces: |
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Definition
| the first heart sound (lub) |
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Term
|
Definition
| premature ventricular contraction |
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Term
|
Definition
| the contraction phase of the cardia cylce |
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Term
| Sterling's law of the heart states that: |
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Definition
| the more stretched the heart fobers are at the beginning of a contraction, the stronger is their contraction |
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Term
| The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure is called: |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the popiteal pulse found? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| electrical activity that triggers the contration of the heart muscle |
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Term
|
Definition
| electrical activity that "resets" the muscel and prepares it for the next contraction |
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Term
| What happens when the SA node fails? |
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Definition
| no P wave and the atria does not contract |
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Term
|
Definition
| depolarization of the atria |
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Term
|
Definition
| depolarization of the ventricles, atria repolarizes at the same time |
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Term
|
Definition
| repolarizations of the ventricles |
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Term
|
Definition
| time when the impulse is traveling through the AV node, bundle of HIS, and bundle branches |
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Term
|
Definition
| onset of P wave to middle of QRS complex |
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Term
|
Definition
| end of QRS complex to onset of T wave |
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Term
|
Definition
| end of QRS complex to end of T wave |
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Term
|
Definition
| onset of QRS complex to end of T wave |
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Term
|
Definition
| period of contraction and emptying |
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Term
|
Definition
| period of relaxation and filling |
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Term
|
Definition
quantity of blood pumped out of either ventricle per beat
at rest = 70 ml/min; maximum = 120 ml/min |
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Term
|
Definition
# of times the heart beats per minute
at rest=72 beats/min; maximum=230 beats/min |
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Term
|
Definition
quantity of blood pumped by either ventricle per minute
at rest=5 L/min; maximum=20-25 L/min
HR X SV = CO |
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Term
|
Definition
quantity of blood returned to the heart per minute
normally, venous return equals CO |
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Term
| End Diastole Volume (EDV) |
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Definition
quantity of blood remaining in either ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole
average value is around 130 ml |
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Term
|
Definition
| quantity of blood remaining in either ventricle at the end of ventricular systole |
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Term
| What are the three phases of ventricular filling? |
|
Definition
1. Rapid Passive Filling
2. Slow Passive Filling
3. Atrial Systole |
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Term
| Isovolumetric ventricular contraction |
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Definition
| where the heart "works" the most |
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Term
|
Definition
| the "load" or "stretch" on the ventricular cardiac muscle before it contracts |
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Term
True or False
The SNS hasa positive inotropic effect on the heart. |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the "load" the heart msut overcome after (and while) it contracts |
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Term
| Why are vasodilators used? |
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Definition
| to decrease afterload, therby decreasing myocardial oxygen demand |
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Term
True or False
Impulses sent from accelerator center in medulla travel along sympathetic fibers. |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
Heart rate
Conductivity
Contractility |
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Term
| What are the major parasympathetic nerves? |
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Definition
| the two vagus nerves (CN VIII) |
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Term
|
Definition
| formed by the tip of left ventricle |
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Term
| What are the 4 chambers of the heart? |
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Definition
Right and Left Atria
Right and Left Ventricles |
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Term
| What does the right side of the heart do? |
|
Definition
Low-pressure system
Pumps venous blood to the lungs |
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Term
| What does the left side of the heart do? |
|
Definition
High-pressure system
Pumps arterial blood to the systemic circulation |
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Term
| What is the thin-walled, low-pressure chambers that receive blood called? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What pumps blood to lungs and systemic circulation? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
innermost layer
lines chambers, valves, chordea tendineae, and papillary muscles
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Term
|
Definition
Middle layer
Responsible for pumping action |
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Term
|
Definition
Also called the visceral pericardium
External layer of the heart
Includes blood capillaries, lymph capillaries, nerve fiber, and fat |
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|
Term
| What is the space that exists between the parietal and visceral percardial layers called? |
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Definition
| pericardial space or pericardial cavity |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the percardial space/pericardial cavity? |
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Definition
| acts as a lubricant, preventing friction as the heart beats |
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Term
| The pericardium is made up of two layers. What are they? |
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Definition
| parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium |
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|
Term
True or False
The pericardial sac does not tolerate sudden increases in heart size or the amount of fluid in the pericardium sac. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How many valves does the heart contain? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What are the valves of the heart? |
|
Definition
two atrioventricular (AV) valves
two semilunar valves |
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Term
| What are the functions of the heart valves? |
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Definition
Prevent backflow of blood
Ensure blood flow in one direction through heart chambers |
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Term
|
Definition
| an inflammation of the pericardium due to infection |
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|
Term
| The right AV (atrioventricular) valve is also called? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The left AV (atrioventricular) valve is also called? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the chordae tendineae located? |
|
Definition
| attached in the cusps of AV valves |
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|
Term
| What is the purpose of the chordae tendineae? |
|
Definition
helps keep valves open or close
serves as anchors |
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|
Term
| Give two examples of semilunar valves |
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Definition
| pulmonic valve and aortic valve |
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|
Term
| What s the function of the semilunar valves? |
|
Definition
| prevent backflow of blood from the aorta and pulmonary arteries into the ventrices during diastole |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prevents backflow of blood into right vetricle |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| prevents backflow of blood into left ventricle |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| carry blood away from heart |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| carry blood towards the heart |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the coronary arteries? |
|
Definition
| supply heart with oxygenated blood |
|
|
Term
| What are the primary coronary arteries? |
|
Definition
Right Coronary Artery (RCA)
Left Coronary Artery (LCA) |
|
|
Term
| When does coronary artery filling occur? |
|
Definition
| during ventricular relaxation (diastole) |
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|
Term
| What is associated with athersclerotic disease that produces fixed obstruction of the coronary arteries? |
|
Definition
| Classic angina or exertional angina |
|
|
Term
| What results from atherosclerotic plaque disruption? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Myocardial infarction (MI) |
|
Definition
Heart attack
refers to ischemic death of myocardial tissue |
|
|
Term
| What is caused by spasms of the coronary arteries? |
|
Definition
Variant angina
Usually occurs during rest or with minimal exercise and frequently occurs nocturnally |
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