Term
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Definition
| symptoms first appear, often mild |
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Term
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Definition
| patient recovers fully to health, may take time |
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Term
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Definition
| microbe gains benefit and host is not harmed or helped |
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Term
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Definition
type of virulence factor
help microorganisms enter host or evade defenses |
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Term
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Definition
type of virulence factor
poisons/ enzymes that damage the host |
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Term
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Definition
invasin
slimy layer of polysaccharide
protects bacteria from phagocytosis
help stick to surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
invasin
found on surface of bacterium
help bacteria stick to specific sites |
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Term
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Definition
excreted by digestive enzymes that break down host defense's
allow bacteria to penetrate deeper into tissues
frees up nutrients |
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Term
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Definition
exotoxins
kill white blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
causes blood proteins to form clots
coats bacteria with blood clotting factors to act as a capsule |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
part of bacterial cell wall
elicits inflammatory response in host
released by growing bacterial cells
general mode of action
LPS from outside of gram-neg bacteria is most common
causes fever |
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Term
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Definition
inactivated by heat
usually very potent in small amounts
distinct mechanism of action |
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Term
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Definition
enters host cell
inactivates host's ribosomes by attaching acetate group
keeps inactivating allll the ribosomes
usually only effects throat, but can spread |
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Term
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Definition
| can cause red blood cells to rupture |
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Term
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Definition
| pathogen is normal member of body's microflora |
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Term
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Definition
# of cases of disease is stable
predictable in affected area |
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Term
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Definition
| occurence of disease is very rare and unpredictable |
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Term
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Definition
| epidemic that occurs around the world simultaneously |
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Term
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Definition
| natural ability to resist infectious microorganism you've never encountered |
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Term
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Definition
| enhanced resistance where body develops specific agents called antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
proteins that circulate in blood that can destroy cells
can punch holes in cells
activated by antibodies
20 diff proteins
activated by enzymes that cleave off blocking groups
can be activated by antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
made by virus infected cells
warn neighboring cells to shut down metabolsim |
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Term
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Definition
signals white blood cells to migrate to area of damaged tissues
blood flow to damaged tissue increases
leukocytes coming causes swelling
increased phagocyte metabolism causes heat |
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Term
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Definition
cell that can engulf & devour microbes
recognize and destroy bacteria in nonspecific way
work with antibodies to destroy specific bacteria |
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Term
| opsin independent phagocytosis |
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Definition
| phagocyte binds to bacterium b/c of receptor protein |
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Term
| opsin-dependent phagocytosis |
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Definition
phagocyte binds to and engulfs bacterium
b/c of specific antibodies! |
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Term
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Definition
nonphagocytic
involved in specific immune responses |
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Term
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Definition
leukocyte
large round nucleus
type of phagocyte
develops into macrophages |
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Term
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Definition
found in blood, lymph nodes, epithelial layers, mucous membranes
type of phagocyte |
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Term
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Definition
found in intestinal walls, thymus
type of phagocyte |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
binds to antibodies attached to invading host cells
most common polymorphonuclear leukocyte |
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Term
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Definition
foreign complex
causes host to make specific antibodies that can bind to that antigen
tend to be large
needs immunogenicity & reactivity
can be soluble or particulate |
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Term
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Definition
found in blood serum
formed in host in response to antigen exposure
called immunoglobulins
have 2 sites where antibody binds to antigen
can inactivate the virus particles |
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Term
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Definition
| antibodies that stop toxin molecules from damaging the host |
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Term
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Definition
large complexes form of antibodies
many antigenic particles held together in enormous lattice
causes antigen to precipitate out of blood |
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Term
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Definition
white cell that produces antibodies
inactive till specific antigen
grow an divide
can become plasma cells to produce and excrete antibodies |
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Term
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Definition
| involved in communication between components of immune system |
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Term
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Definition
destroy cancer cells
destroy virus-infected cells |
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Term
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Definition
| messengers that help to activated specific populations of B-cells or cytotoxic T-cells |
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