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| very skinny helical shape |
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| somewhere between rod and round |
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| thick layers of peptidoglycan |
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| thing layer of peptidoglycan, covered by outer membrane |
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| grow at temps over 80 degrees C |
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| grows best at 75 degrees C at ph 2.5, obligate aerobe |
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| grows best at 105 C, ph 6, anerobe |
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| obligate anaerobes that produce methane |
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| grow best in more than 9% NaCl |
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found in hot mineral springs
hyperthermophyllic chemoautotrophic |
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found in fermi lab
resistant to radiation
have outer membrane |
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have chlorophylls similar to plants
fix CO2 to make sugar
produce O2 as waste product |
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anaerobic
produce heat-resistant endospores
wide variety of fermentative pathways
can produce and excrete toxins |
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anaerobic
Gram positive
neurotoxin
common in honey
inactivates neurotransmitter-releasing mechanisms |
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anaerobic
produces rigid paralysis
likes deep, soil contaminated wounds |
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| spreads throughout the entire body |
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spores common in soil wound infection
causes gas gangrene
produces necrotizing tissues
found in soil, animal feces, meat and poultry |
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found in low numbers in human gut
resistant to antibiotics
causes antibiotic-induced diarrhea |
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inflammation of intestines
caused by C.diff |
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Definition
aerobes/ facultative
heat resistant endospores |
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Definition
initially has flu like symtpoms
very high mortality rates |
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Definition
infects minor wounds
necrotic effects on surrounding tissues
AKA: wool sorter's disease |
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Term
| bacillus stearothermophilus |
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Definition
| thermophile involved in hay spoilage and barn fires |
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Definition
produces toxin that kills insects but not mammals
used as organic insecticide |
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Definition
synthesizes bacitacin
common soil bacterium capable of reducing nitrate
source of antibiotic bacitracin |
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Definition
.2-.8 microns
lack cell walls
can be grown in acellular cultures
contain ergesterol (from fungus) |
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Term
| mycoplasma pneumoniae (walking pneumonia) |
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Definition
aerobic
forms capsule
no rigid cell wall
tiny coccobacillus
nasal secretions
treated with erythromycin |
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Definition
| coccobaccillus stains Gram negative causes low sperm count and miscarraige |
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Definition
intracellular parasite that moves between hosts directly
does not go through blood
associated w/ contaminated milk |
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Definition
gram positive
non-spore forming rods
ferment sugar to produce lactic acid
used in cheese and yogurt production |
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Term
| lactobacillus acidophilus |
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Definition
used to make sweet acidophilus milk
helps restore normal intestinal microflora |
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Term
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Definition
gram positive, round chain
often form capsules
catalase negative
non-spore forming |
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Definition
group A strep
beta hemolytic
impetego happens
erysipelas happens
necrotizing fasciitis |
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Term
| streptococcal pharyngitis |
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Definition
inflammation of throat
caused by beta-hemoytic stretpococci
petechiae |
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Definition
chills & fever
nausea & vomiting
red, swollen throat
white patches may appear on tonsils & throat |
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| makes antibodies that attack tissues in kidneys |
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gram-positive
1-3 day incubation period
causes inflammation of lungs
normally found in upper respiratory tract |
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most severe inflammation of lungs
acute, swift infection of lungs
fevers, chills, fluid infiltration
bloody sputum
alveoli are damaged |
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| flulike symptoms, achy, headache, stiffness of neck and back, inability to touch chin to chest, petechiae |
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caused by s. pneumoniae
gram pos. coccus
normal flora for a lot of people
(can be benign)
cochlear implants increase risk |
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Definition
gram-pos cocci
comes in pairs or short chains
lactic acid fermentation
natural habit is large intestine
typically treated w/ vancomycin |
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Definition
normal flora of skin
contributes to body odor
can be opportunistic pathogen
break down lipids |
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Definition
85% of people have it in nostrils
spreads by droplets & fomites
non-spore forming in grape-like clusters
catalase positive
yellow or orange
associated with impetego |
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Definition
coagulase
staphylokinase
lipase
polysaccharide slime layer
protein A on cell surface
cytolytic toxins
leukocidin |
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Definition
lipase
polysaccharide slime layer |
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Term
| staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome |
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Definition
exfoliative disease
mainly in kids
treat with penicilin or vancomycin |
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Definition
non-spore forming rods
arranged in V-shaped palisades |
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infects throat
excretes toxin that inactivates 80S ribosomes
kills ability to make new proteins
makes curtain of dead tissue that hangs down back of throat
strangler's disease
rod-shaped |
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gram-positive
r0d-shaped, non-spore
anaerobic
found growing on sebum w/ sebaceous glands of skin
excessive oil formation increases bacterial growth |
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Term
| mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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Definition
causes chronic lung infection
grow inside phagolysosomes
irregular rod
positive in acid-fast stain
cell contains wax-like hydrophobic compounds |
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acid-fast rod
bacteria multiply in Schwann cells
nerve damage leads to loss of sensation
linked to poor nutrition and immunodeficiency |
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Definition
makes streptomycin (aminoglycoside)
spores form at tips of mature filaments
common scab on potatoes caused by this |
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Definition
azospirillum
rhizobium
agrobacterium
purple non-sulfur
brucella
rickettsia |
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Definition
nitrosomonas
neisseria
bordetella
burkholderia
thiobacillus
spirillum |
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Definition
purple sulfur bacteria
legionella
methane oxidizers
pseudomonas
azotobacter |
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Definition
desulfovibrio
myxobacteria |
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Definition
campylobacter
helicobacter |
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nitrogen-fixing w/ roots of tropical grasses
bacteria colonize surface of grass roots |
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Definition
endosymbiotic nitrogen fixing association w/ roots of legumes
colonize plant cells within root nodules |
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| agrobacterium tumefaciens |
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Definition
rod-shaped bacterium
infects wounded tissue of dicotylednous plants
gram-negative
transfers DNA to make genetic modifications
creates crown galls |
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| acetobacter; gluconobacter |
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Definition
used to make vinegar
incomplete oxidation of acetic acid
goes through incomplete respiration |
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Definition
parasite of endothelial cells
gram-negative
no obvious virulence factors
well-adapted to living in phagocytes
systemic disease
can go to uterus and placenta |
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Definition
obligate intracellular parasite
absorb ATP from host cells
transimitted by lice and ticks
aka Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
gram-negative |
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Definition
bean shaped diplococci
gram-negative, but stain is misleading
causative agent of gonorrhea |
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Definition
gram-neg diploccous
1-7 day incubation period
droplets from infected person
aches, fever, petechiae, rash
treated with ceftriaxone & chloramphenicol |
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Definition
whooping cough
causes build up of puss and swelling of trachea
nonmotile
coccobacillus |
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Definition
virulence factors:
filamentous hemagglutinin
pertussis toxin
adenylate cyclase
dermonectroticitoxin
tracheal cytotoxin |
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| nitrifying bacterium that converts ammonia to nitrate aerobically |
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| bacteria form nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with plant roots |
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respiratory metabolism
ender-doudernorf pathway
can't survive without ETC
obligate aerobes |
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Definition
found in mammalian large intestine
facultative anaerobes that ferment glucose
oxidase negative
catalase positive
gram negative, nonspore forming rods |
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Definition
rod-shaped
inhabitant of mammalian large intestine
indicator organism for fecal contamination
leading cause of bladder infections
fecal/oral route |
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Definition
live in bird, reptile and mammal intestines
bind to intestinal cells
cause nonphagocytic cells to engulf bacteria
grow inside endocytic vesicles
faculative anaerobe
motile by peritrichous flagella
can invade the blood system |
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Definition
causes bloody dysentery
not killed by stomach acid
causes death of intestinal cells
tendency to get into blood |
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Definition
multiplication of organisms in blood
results from infection that begins elsehere
chills, fever, nervousness, rapid breathing |
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Definition
infection of lymphatic system
caused by septicemia |
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Definition
causative agent of bubonic plague
intestinal infection in fleas
in mammals-infection of lymph nodes
gram- rod shaped bacteria |
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Definition
fecal-oral cycle
stick to chitin
infectious dose is 1M bacterial cells
shaped like bent-rod
causes fatal dehydration and loss of electrolytes |
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Definition
gram- rods
droplets
common cause of otitis media
can cause meningitis symptoms
does NOT cause flu |
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Definition
gram neg rod
tolerates heat and chlorination
invades freshwater amoebae
death is caused by endotoxic shock and kidney failure |
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Definition
doesn't form capsules or endospores
common cause of bacterial vaginosis
produce pore-forming toxin called vaginolysin |
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Definition
acid tolerant stomach patogen
gram negative
curved/helical rod-shaped
no spores
common cause of gastroenteritis
associated with undercooked poultry
2-5 day incubation period |
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Definition
formation of gastric ulcers
excretes mucinase to get through stomach wall |
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Definition
causes STD
transmitted by direct contact
causes eye infection trachoma
leading cause of pelvic inflammatory disease |
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Definition
tiny bacterium
obligate intracellular parasite
absorbs ATP from host cell
direct contact
causes parrot fever
associated w/ exposure to infected birds |
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Definition
spirochete
leading cause of syphillis |
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Definition
lesion with hard rim
affects genitalia, mouth, fingers, lips, nipples |
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Definition
bacteria invade bloodstream and spread through body
sore throat, headache, fever, aches, body rash
latent phase happens at the end |
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Definition
caused by hypersensitive response
symptoms:
gumma
erosion of aorta
lesions of nervous system
dementia, blindness, paralysis |
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Definition
obligate anaerobes
majority of normal intestinal microflora |
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non-spore forming
comes in chains
found in mouth
excretes lactic acid
cause of tooth decay
becomes mineralized plaque |
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