Term
| What information is processed by the dorsal column pathway? |
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Definition
•Translation of epicritic touch or two-point discrimination -> ability to recognize touch and distinguish multiple stimuli that are close to one another
•Vibration or kinesthetic sense -> epicritic sensation stops shortly after contact with stimulus; kinesthetic sense detects movement, which indicates that the stimulus is still there
•Limb proprioception -> works with cerebellum to locate the body’s limbs in 3D space (more localized activity) |
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Term
| dorsal column pathway
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| What info is processed by the Spinothalamic or Anterolateral Pathway? |
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Definition
| •picks up pain in the form of tissue damage, temperature (often associated with tissue damage), light touch (tickling and itching) |
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Term
| Describe the pathway of the anteroventral or spinothalamic pathway
[image] |
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Definition
information synapses in Lamina II (Substantia Gelatinosa)
•pain travels relatively slowly: pain and some temperature are Adelta fibers, temperature and light touch are C fibers
[image] |
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Term
| What is a lesion and what does it do? |
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Definition
| •lesion is tissue damage -> causes secretion of substances: bradykinin (makes pain worse), serotonin, prostaglandin, K+ -> Substance P (for Pain) produces a mast cell which produces histamines -> helps tissue to destroy irritant; heightens pain sensation |
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Term
| Describe the anatomy of the spinocerebellar pathway.
[image] |
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Definition
| •information synapses in the outer edges of the spinal cord
•The tract does not cross; the information from proprioceptors is received on the ippsilateral side of the cortex (in contrast to epicritic touch and pain pathways)
[image] |
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Term
| What info does the spinocerebellar pathway convey? |
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Definition
•body position sense (where your body is in space)
•responsible for unconscious proprioception – sensation of where a limb is sitting in space
•whole component of the body (less localized than limb proprioception) |
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Term
| What are symptoms of cerebellar disease? |
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Definition
• dysmetria – hand overshoots mark
• adiadochokinesia – difficulty performing rapidly alternating movements |
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Term
| Describe the anatomy of the corticospinal tract[image] |
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Definition
•Pyramidal cells – large neurons in the primary motor area of the cerebral cortex with a triangular shape -> huge axons extend from cortex to the spinal cord
•Information synapses in Lamina IX (main motor region of the spinal cord) where anterior horn cells are found
[image] |
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Term
| What does the corticospinal tract control? |
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Definition
| •Voluntary control of movement |
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Term
| What happpens when you damage upper motor neurons? |
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Definition
•Damage to upper motor neurons -> initial flaccid paralysis (neurons have no idea what to do), then spasticity/rigid paralysis (reflexes take over)
•The difference between spinal cord damage and spinal nerve damage; upper motor neuron lesion v. lower motor neuron lesion |
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Term
| Describe the function and anatomy of the rubrospinal tract. |
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Definition
•Rubro = red -> red nucleus gets information from cerebellum and cortex
•Mainly controls fine motor movement (hands, feet, face)
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Term
| Describe the extrapyramidal tracts |
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Definition
•Ventromedial pathways: (pontine reticulospinal, vestibulospinal, meduallary reticulospinal, tectospinal)
•Get information from basal ganglia
•Coordinate movements
•Control larger muscle groups -> get body in position so the fine motor functions can do what they need to do
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Term
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Definition
| viral infection of dorsal root neurons and spinal nerves. almost everyone has it, but remains dormant until immune system is compromised occurs in particular dorsal roots --> sensitive corresponding dermatomes |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the cervical plexus; innervates diaphragm |
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Term
| What happens when there is damage to uppper motor neurons vs. lower motor neurons? |
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Definition
o Damage to upper motor neurons --> flaccid paralysis followed by rigid paralysis (spasticity)
o damage to lower motor neurons --> flaccid paralysis |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the dorsal columns pathway that crosses in the brainstem |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the dorsal columns pathway that travels through the midbrain |
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Term
| anterior white commissure |
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Definition
| decussation of the spinothalamic pathway in the spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| deals with control of fine motor movement in the hands, feet, and face |
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Term
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Definition
| controls large muscle groups -> gets them ready to do what fine motor functions need to do get information from basal ganglia -> responsible for programming and execution of movement |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| anterior white commissure |
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Definition
•anterior white commissure = spinothalamic version of arcuate fibers the difference is that this crossing occurs in the spinal cord rather than the brain stem as is the case for the dorsal column pathway
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