Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| diseases carried by insects |
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Term
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Definition
- caused by an arbovirus that crosses brain-blood barrier
- no treatment (supportive)
- reduce contact with mosquitos to prevent
- vaccines avaliable for horses
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Term
| Diseases of the Nervous System (Types) |
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Definition
| bacterial, viral, fungal, prion |
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Term
How does skin ward off infection?
name/describe two layers of skin |
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Definition
- dry, cool, low pH, high salt concetration
- epidermis (dead skin cells that shed) dermis (living skin cells, blood supply and inervated)
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Term
1. Which bacteria cause folliculitis? What are different forms of the disease? |
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Definition
- caused by Staphylococcus
- sty (eye), furuncles, carbuncles
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Term
1. List and describe the mode of action of various virulence factors possessed by Staph |
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Definition
| capsule, coagulase (clotting), exfoliation, hyaluronidase (spreading factor), leukocidin, lipase, proteases, protein A (neutalizes antibody), TSS |
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Term
1. What makes Staph resist phagocytic cells? Name other bacteria resistant to phagocytosis |
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Definition
- capsules help staph resist phagocytosis
- streptococcal pyogenes also resist phagocytosis
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Term
Name several systemic infections |
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Definition
| Infectious Mononucleosis, Malaria, Histoplasmosis, tertiary syphilis, leishmaniasis, |
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Term
What are the important features of plague? How one can control the disease? |
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Definition
- caused by Yersiniapestis
- 2 types: bubonic (lymph) pneumonic (lungs)
- carried by rodents, transmitted by fleas (zoonotic)
- you can control the disease by avoiding rodents?
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Term
Explain how a simple foot infection may result in developing gangrene. |
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Definition
| gangrene developes when a deep wound becomed infected and cuts off oxygen to the tissue. This causes the tissue to die |
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Term
What is LPS? What are the consequences of release of LPS? |
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Definition
| LPS is an endotoxin that is released when the bacteria dies. Consequences include inflammation, fever, shock, and DIC (cut off of blood flow to parts of the body) |
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Term
Name the antibiotic used to treat Staph infections. Why resistance to this drug is an issue |
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Definition
| Methicillin. Resistance is an issue because people with MRSA can not be treated with normal antibiotics |
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Term
Compare and contrast impetigo and erysipelas. |
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Definition
| impetigo is caused by staph and strep and usually affects children and teens. erysipelas is caused only by strep and affects older adults. Both infections of the skin, usually itchy pus-filled bumps and rashes. Also both transmitted by person to person contact. |
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Term
Which genus of organisms is the most infectious to human? |
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Definition
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Term
Define and give several examples of Zoonotic diseases |
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Definition
- a disease spread from animals to humans
- examples: plague, lyme disease
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Term
Name diseases caused by Strep pyogenees. Name the virulence factors possessed by this organism |
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Definition
- necrotizing fasciitis, scarlet fever, rheumatic fever
- Pili, M protein, capsule (hyaluronic acid), hyaloronidase (spreading factor), streptolysins s an o (kills human cells), pyrogenic exotoxins (causes fever), bacterimia (spread through blood system)
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Term
What are the characteristics of the disease called necrotizing fasciitis? |
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Definition
- caused by strep pyogenes
- virulence factors: streptokinase (dissolves blood clots) hyaluronidase, exotoxin A, steptolysin s
- person to person, breaks in the skin
- treated by antibiotics
- progresses quickly, can be deadly
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Term
1. Describe how acne bacteria damages the skin |
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Definition
caused by Propionibacterium acnes
obligate anaerobe meaning it must penetrate deep into skin to infect. |
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Term
What is the most important characteristic of Pseudomonas aeruginosa? |
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Definition
| it is the most common opportunistic infection |
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Term
Name two infections caused by anthrax bacteria |
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Definition
| cutaneous and inhalation anthrax |
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Term
What is the difference between chickenpox and shingles? What is meant by recurrent infections? |
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Definition
| chickenpox is the initial infection and shingles is the recurrent infection. Recurrent infection is one that comes back, sometimes worse than before, after lying dormant for years. |
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Term
What are the different type of skin infections caused by fungi? Define mycosis. |
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Definition
- mycoses are diseases caused by fungi
- Dermatophytoses
- Chromoblastomycoses
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Phaeohyphomycoses
Mycetomas
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Term
Name and describe two skin infections caused by parasites. |
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Definition
Leishmaniasis-skin and systemic, spread by sand fly (Gulf war syndrome) affects mostly AIDS patients
Scabies-itching and rash, transmitted by mites but usually caught from prolonged contact (ex. sex) treated with lotion and cleaning of infected clothing |
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Term
Define conjunctivitis, kertitis, and trachoma. |
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Definition
conjunctivitis- inflammation of conjunctiva
keratitis- inflammation of the cornea
trachoma- caused by chlamydia, found in newborns, can lead to blindness |
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Term
What is meant by neurotropic and lymphotropic viruses? |
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Definition
| neurotropic viruses are spread through the nervous system, and lymphotropic viruses are spread through the lymph system |
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Term
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Definition
| insect repellent associated with lyme disease |
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Term
What are the important features of Lyme disease? |
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Definition
- zoonotic disease (ticks)
- caused by Borrelia
- rash, neurological symptoms, severe arthritis
- treated with antimicrobial drugs in early stages
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Term
1. What are the components of CNS? Name the normal flora of CNS. Name two diseases associated with CNS. How active is the immune system in CNS? |
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Definition
- brain and spinal column
- NO normal flora
- menigitis and rabies
- there is no immune system in the CNS
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Term
What is blood-brain barrier? |
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Definition
| filtering mechanism that blocks the passage of certain substances |
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Term
| Bacterial Meniningitis (general characterisitics) |
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Definition
- inflammatory bacterial infection of the meninges
- VERY dangerous but rare
- signs/symptoms: sudden high fever, inflammed cranial or spinal meninges
- diagnosed by spinal tap
- treated with antimicrobial drugs
- there are vaccines
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Term
| Bacterial Meningitis (caused by) |
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Definition
- streptococcus pneumoniae (leading cause in adults)
- neisseria meningitidis (fimbria, capsule, LOS (endotoxin)
- haemophilus influenzae (main cause of bacterial meningitis)
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Term
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Definition
| dormant bacteria resistant to elements |
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