The protein coat of a virus that contains several hundred genes in the form of DNA or RNA.

Contains the nucleic acid.

The virus commandeers the cell's reproductive amchinery and begins reproducing new viruses.

The cell may fill with viruses until it lyses or bursts, or it can release the virus one at a time through reverse endocytotic processes.

A virus that follows this is a virulent virus.

The viral DNA is incorporated into the host genome, or if it is an RNA virus and possesses reverse transcriptase, DNA is actually reverse-transcribed from RNA and then incorporated into the host cell genome.

These are temperate viruses.

The protein can be directly translated from the RNA.

Include retroviruses that carries reverse transcriptase to create DNA from RNA.

The DNA is incorporated into the genome of the host cell.

Do not have membrane bound organelles/nucleus.

Split into Archaea and Bacteria.

Composed of a phosphate group, two fatty acid chains, and a glycerol backbone.

Phosphate is polar, fatty acids are nonpolar.

Diffusion that occurs down the electro-chemical gradient of all species involved.

Ex: glucose supply in human cells.

Makes membranes selectively permeable: can select between molecules of similar size and charge.

Moving compounds against the electro-chemical gradient.

Requires the expenditure of energy.

Bacteria are (hypertonic/hypotonic) to their environment?

Hypertonic.

There are more particles in their cytosol than in the aqueous solution surrounding them.

A series of disaccharide polymer chains with amino acids, three of which are not found in proteins.

Makes up the cell wall.

Porous, so it allows large molecules to pass through.

Used to prepare bacteria for viewing under a microscope.

Stains gram positive (purple) and negative (pink) differently.

Have a thing peptidoglycan wall that allows most stain to be washed off and appear pink.

Has a second plasma membrane outside the peptidoglycan wall composed of lipopolysaccharides.

Long, hollow, rigid, helical cylinders made from globular protein called flagellin.

Not the same as eukaryotic flagella which are composed of microtubules.

A form of asexual reproduction that occurs in bacteria.

Requires one bacteria to have a plasmid with the gene that codes for a sex pilus (conjugative plasmid).

fertility factor.

With the factor is F+

Without is F-

The process by which bacteria may incorporate DNA from their external environment into their genome.

DNA aquired directly from the medium.

When the capsid of bacteriophage mistakenly encapsulate a DNA frag of a host cell and then these virions infect the new bacterium injecting harmless bacterial DNA frags in stead of virulent viral DNA fragments.

Transfer of DNA via a virus.

Eukaryotic heterotrophs that spend most of their livess in the haploid state.

They can reproduce sexually and asexually.