Term
|
Definition
| a collection of books that are recognized as divinely inspired scripture by a given religious community |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protestant term for deutero-canonical books, in this case designating books that are not viewed in the Protestant tradition as fully canonical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an ancient set of translations of Old Testament books into Greek |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the authoritative version of the Hebrew text of the Tanach or Hebrew Bible produced by Jewish scribes in the medieval period and used as the base text in most translations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the Jewish term for the Hebrew scriptures, referring to the three main parts of those scriptures: the Torah, Neviiim, and Ketuvim / another way of writing Tanach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the collection and analysis of different manuscript readings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| applied to the Bible, the analysis of the ways gender functions in biblical texts, both male and female, both human and non-human |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a family of historical methods that analyzes how and where the biblical texts were composed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the analysis of ways that biblical texts can be, have been, and should be read in the midst of systemic structures of power. As such it overlaps with other methods, but with a particular accent on analysis of ideology and power |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the attempt to reconstruct the written sources used by the authors of the present biblical texts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of different types of texts, genres, in the Bible along with their typical social settings and purposes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the use of methods from modern study of literary texts to illuminate the poetic-narrative dynamics of biblical texts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study that examines ways in which texts such as the Bible were formed in imperial contexts and/or how biblical text later functioned in colonial or imperial contexts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the attempt to identify the ways in which the author or redactors of the present biblical books created those wholes through arrangement, transformation, and extension of earlier source materials. It is a form of transmission history |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a history of traditions that existed before and often alongside the written texts now in the Bible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the name of the god of Israel, often translated as “LORD” in English translations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the mother goddess of the Canaanite pantheon, consort of the chief god, El |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a storm god in the Canaanite pantheon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the name of the head creator god of the Canaanite pantheon, husband of Asherah |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| along with the less common triplet, a basic unit in Hebrew poetry, where the first line is paralleled, contrasted, or otherwise seconded by the climactic second line |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a set of psalms in the Psalter that focus on the king and God’s special relationship to him |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a set of psalms in the biblical Psalter that focus on Zion/Jerusalem and emphasize themes of Zion theology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| : Mesopotamian creation story that connects at several points to the J source primeval history in Gen 1-11. The flood story in both accounts is strongly connected following an almost identical plot and including the flood hero Utnapishtim sending out a dove, swallow, and a raven. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an ancient Mesopotamian epic that is echoed in the book of Ecclesiastes in two ways. The first echo is the "imperative of joy" that is found in the words of a barmaid in the epic and the second echo is the detailed sequence of pleasures it endorses: food, wine and partying, good clothing, good hygiene (oil washing), and sexual partnership. Scholars believe the writer of Ecc drew on the tale of Gilgamesh rather than later Roman ideas. |
|
|
Term
| Instructions of Amenemope |
|
Definition
| (Egyptian) a large number of the the thirty chapters of the Instructions of Amenemope are reflected in the "30 sayings" in Proverbs section of "words of the wise." This is not to say the sayings are a translation, they simply parallel the content of the thirty chapters leading scholars to believe that the author of this section of Proverbs knew the Instruction of Amenemope |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a Mesopotamian state based in what is now northern Iraq |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a book in the Jewish Tanach that includes the 12 minor prophets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a war occuring around 735 BCE in which Syria and the northern kingdom of Israel laid siege to Jerusalem and thus attempted to force Judah, under King Ahaz, to join a coalition of local states resisting Assyrian rule (though Judah was not yet under Assyrian rule). Ahaz appealed for and received help from Assyria in repelling the Syrian-Israelite alliance, but became subject to Assyria in return for the aid. war occurring around 735 BCE in which Syria and the northern kingdom of Israel laid siege to Jerusalem and thus attempted to force Judah, under King Ahaz, to join a coalition of local states resisting Assyrian rule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was a prominent king of Assyria in the eighth century BC (ruled 745–727 BC)[1][2] and is widely regarded as the ruler who introduced advanced civil, military and political systems into the Neo-Assyrian Empire |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was king of Judah, and the son and successor of Jotham.[2] He is one of the kings mentioned in the genealogy of Jesus in the Gospel of Matthew. Ahaz was twenty when he became king of Judah and reigned for sixteen years. His reign commenced in the seventeenth year of the reign of Pekah of Israel. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Scholars who assume that the Biblical story is more or less correct, unless archaeologists prove that it is not |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Scholars who assume that the Biblical story must be read as fiction, unless it can be confirmed archaeologically |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - Scholars who interprets words in the Bible in a hermeneutical and literal approach. Adherence to the explicit sense of a given text or doctrine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| defined as the process of land accumulation in the hands of a few wealthy elite to the deprivation of the peasantry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 635-597 BC, was a king of Judah. He was the second son of king Josiah by Zebidah, the daughter of Pedaiah of Rumah. His birth name was Eliakim |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was a king of Judah who was dethroned by the King of Babylon in the 6th Century BCE and was taken into captivity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| king of Judah who abolished idolatry (715-687 BCE) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was a Hebrew Priest at the time of King Josiah. His name is mentioned in II Kings. He was the High Priest and is known for finding a lost copy of the Book of the law at the Temple in Jerusalem at the time that King Josiah commanded that the Holy Temple be refurbished (2 Kings 22:8). His preaching may have helped spur Josiah to return Judah to the worship of Yahweh, God of Israel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the name of a scribe or court secretary mentioned several times in the Old Testament |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was the son and successor of Jehoash, (alternatively spelled Joash), and the fourteenth king of the ancient Kingdom of Israel, over which he ruled for forty-one years. His reign was contemporary with those of Amaziah |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a collection of laws in Leviticus 17-26 hypothesized to have once existed separately (no separate copies have been found) and characterized by a frequent focus on the need for the people of Israel to preserve its holiness. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the first four books of the Bible, namely Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, and Numbers. The portion of the Pentateuch that precedes Deuteronomy is formed out of combined P and L sources. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a designation either for the Holiness Code in Lev 17-26 or for a broader layer of material in the Tetrateuch that is characterized by the central emphasis of Lev 17-26 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (Lay Source) a term used in this textbook to designate a hypothesized source of the Pentateuch that included most of the material in the Pentateuch not assigned to the Priestly Source in the Tetrateuch, along with Deuteronomy--authors outside the priesthood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a word used to refer to the myriad ways different texts can be related to each other--conscious or unconscious that text draw on the wording of earlier texts or the ways that the readers knowledge of other texts can influence their reading |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (second Isaiah)- a section that shows many signs of being composed during the time of Babylonian exile, used to refer to chapters 40-55 of the book of Isaiah |
|
|
Term
| social-scientific criticism |
|
Definition
| when applied to the Bible, analysis that draws on contemporary sociological and anthropological studies to provide a more nuanced picture of ancient Israel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| looks at the entire text and it's place in the canon, weaves together other criticisms, and works to put the pieces from other criticisms back together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was a priest descended from Eleazar the son of Aaron. He aided King David during the revolt of his son Absalom, and was consequently instrumental in bringing King Solomon to the throne. After Solomon's building of The First Temple in Jerusalem, Zadok was the first High Priest to serve there |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the name of one of the cities given to "the children of Aaron," city where a secondary line of priests were found, Jeremiah was among them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A book of the Bible containing his prophecy of the fall of Nineveh (early 7th century bc). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a history extending from Moses' speech to Israel on the edge of the land (Deuteronomy) through the books of Joshua, Judges, 1-2 Samuel, and 1-2 Kings to Judah's eventual exile from the land at the end of the book of Kings, dominated by the later theology articulated most clearly in Deuteronomy, thought to be composed partly in the late 7th century BCE and completed during exile |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| approx 623 BCE, a socio-religious reform that Josiah is said to have undertaken in the wake of the decline of Assyrian influence over the area, eliminating sanctuaries outside Jerusalem and laying claim to some of the territories of the former northern kingdom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sometimes referred to just as hymn, this is a psalm that focuses on praise of God, it often features a focus on creation and/or is characterized by refrains calling for praise of God |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| though this term sometimes is used to refer to a lament psalm, it applies more properly to cries over irreversible bad events, such as David's mourning over the death of Saul in 2 Sam 1:18-27 or the book of Lamentations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - a type of psalm that is a cry for God's help and typically includes most of the following elements: complaint, plea for help, vow, statement of trust in God's help, and thanksgiving for God's help |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Jesus, regarded by Christians as the Messiah of the Hebrew prophecies and the savior of humankind |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A copy of the biblical Psalms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wisdom psalms[2] are identified as such because of their similarity to the genre of wisdom literature found in Proverbs, Job, Song of Songs and Ecclesiastes. This similarity includes similarity in literary devices as well as similarity in content.[3] Wisdom literature in general tends to contrast the life choices made by those who reject God (e.g. the foolish or the wicked) with those who embrace God's rule (the wise or righteous). God curses those who reject him, while he blesses those who obey |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - Satan in Hebrew it is Ha-Satan |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a designation for chapters 56-66 of the book of Isaiah, acection distinguished from Second Isaiah by more explicit indicators that it addressed the situation of post-exilic period Judah. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• a text commonly attested in the Hellenistic and later periods that describes a heavenly revelation to a human recipient, often a human recipient from Israel’s distant past (e,g, Ebicgm Kevum
o Appears in two main types, the heavenly apocalypse and the historical apocalypse, frequently show priestly connections, and feature much focus on esoteric knowledge. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| • (1&13) a provincial priestly family who led a revolt against Antiochus Epiphances IV and eventually founded the Hasmonean monarchy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| • (7 and 13) a concept drawn from post-colonial theory that designates the blending of self-determination with elements drawn from the culture of the past oppressor. It is not identical with mere mixing of different cultural elements in identity. Instead, it refers to the complex identity formed in the midst and wake of the experience of domination. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| • (13) - attribution of a later text to a more ancient author. This was particularly common in the Hellenistic period, when Judaism came into contact with a Greek culture that was more focused on establishing ancient authorship of authoritative text. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| • The "Artaxerxes" referenced in the Book of Nehemiah is generally accepted as Persian king Artaxerxes II, which means that the beginning of Nehemiah is 445-433 BCE. This would place the end around 400 BCE, which is also the earliest possible date for the core of the text to be written. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• prophet and political leader, born in Jerusalem, carried into Babylonian
Captivity, who served God faithfully under the reigns of Nebuchadnezzar, Belshazzar,
and Darius the Mede
This book records the prophecies, visions, and public ministry of Daniel who was (along with
Ezekiel and many others) carried from Jerusalem to Babylon, eventually to rise and serve as
the official political leader for his fellow Jewish captives, serving both faithfully and fearlessly
under two Babylonian monarchs and one Persian king |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of the many interesting rhetorical features of the Hebrew Bible is its use of alphabetical acrostics. These acrostics are not "hidden codes" -- they are literary compositions in which the writer has used the letters of the Hebrew alphabet as the initial letters for a sequence of verses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| • text that precedes the main body of the song (reffering to the book of Psalms - |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| • - a term describing a couplet in which the second line repeats the idea or content of the first line, but in different terms, as by using different images, symbols, etc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| • is a form of parallelism where the meaning of two or more excerpts of text are obverse, although directly linked by providing the same meaning from differing perspectives. This type of parallelism is used in order to create repetition of meaning as a technique for cognitive reinforcement, thus more effectively communicating the meaning of the text. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| • 1st or 3rd person description of the prophet’s performance of an act intended to symbolize Yahweh’s intentions or actions towards the people. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| • Cyrus II of Persia, commonly known as Cyrus the Great, also known as Cyrus the Elder, was the founder of the Achaemenid Empire |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (• 11) a proclamation by the Persain king Cyrus that he was appointed by the Babylonian gods to liberate the Babylonians and rebuild their temples. It shows many parallels to the Cyrus proclamation quoted in Ezra 1:1-4 that Yahweh had appointed him to rebuild the temple and allow the Judeans to return home. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| • was the last king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, reigning from 556-539 BCE. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| • These oracles begin with the Hebrew word that is translated "woe," |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| • - In the Book of Exodus, the Book of Leviticus and the Book of Numbers, Nadab and Abihu were respectively the eldest and second-eldest of the sons of Aaron. They offered a sacrifice with unauthorized fire before the LORD, disobeying his instructions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Return and rebuilding of Temple
o Torah & Temple centered community |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Jewish tradition identifies Nehemiah himself as the primary author of this historical book. Much of the book is written from his first-person perspective. Nothing is known about his youth or background; we meet him as an adult serving in the Persian royal court as the personal cupbearer to King Artaxerxes (Nehemiah 1:11–2:1). This prestigious position reveals something of Nehemiah’s upright character. Though he remained in Persia after the exiles had been allowed to go home, he was highly interested in the state of affairs in Judah (his brother Hanani [1:2] had returned there earlier).
o The book of Nehemiah could be read as a sequel to the book of Ezra, and some scholars believe the two were originally one work. It is possible that Ezra compiled Nehemiah’s original accounts with other material to create the book of Nehemiah. However, most scholars believe the book was written by Nehemiah. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was a Jewish prophet in the Hebrew Bible. He had two brothers, Nathaniel and Josiah. Malachi was the writer of the Book of Malachi, the last book of the Neviim (prophets) section in the Jewish Tanakh |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - (Burnt Offering) A holocaust is a religious animal sacrifice that is completely consumed by fire. The word derives from the Ancient Greek. which is used solely for one of the major forms of sacrifice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the afternoon prayer service in Judaism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| literally means "to be set apart for a special purpose". ... Israel was qadosh because they were separated by the other nations as servants of God. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hebrew phrase meaning "a pure heart" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "• Glory" is one of the most common words in scripture. In the Old Testament, the word is used to translate several Hebrew words, including Hod (הוד) and kabod; |
|
|
Term
| cherub(not a chubby baby with wings :p) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hermeneutic of Recuperation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The purpose of job is to demonstrate God’s sovereignty and the meaning of true faith. It is the first poetic book of the Hebrew bible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A collection of wise statements written by Solomon. The book of knowledge. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| • Proverbs 31: 1-9 “Women power”. Most Jewish men often sang to their wives over the table of the Friday evening Sabbath meal. It reflects a role women and mothers should play. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| • Proverbs 9:13-18 Folly is an unruly woman; she is simple and knows nothing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a large fertile plain and inland valley south of the Lower Galilee region in Israel and West Bank in the Palestinian territories |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| • Gomer daughter, a girl, whom the Lord commanded to be named Lo-ruhamah, meaning "not having obtained mercy". Lo-ruhamah's name was a prophetic statement of God's displeasure with the house of Israel and a warning that He would destroy them but spare the house of Judah (1:6-7) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| symbolic name of the prophet Hosea's second son and figurative name of Israel before reconciliation with God |
|
|
