Term
| Wilson's Use of Bully Pulpit |
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Definition
Def: The use of the Presidency to persuade the people.
In Europe for negotiation of 14 points sans Republican Senators, Wilson realizes there is political trouble at home from enemy Senator (R) Henry Cabot Lodge. Lodge presents 14 Reservations for 14 points (knife-twist mocking), but Wilson decides that a German peace treaty with the points is critical enough to his lofty mission of ending all war that he modifies the bully pulpit and goes right to the people with his bill. He was the first American President to SELL something he wanted Congress to pass. He travels the county for speeches and Republican Senators trail him. Following a speech in Colorado, he has a stroke and can no longer be on top of his game. |
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The idea of negotiating peacefully, simultaneously threatening with the “big stick”, or the military
Example: Roosevelt using big, powerful navy to get good things for the US... The Panama Canal, a big part of Roosevelt's foreign policy |
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Important because- Roosevelt used "big-stick diplomacy" and the canal strengthened American power via trade. Today, Panama owns the canal, but the US would seize it if ever necessary...
What- Phillipe Bunau-Varilla to sell right to Canal to US for $40 million, until the Colombian government objects- didn't care for US abuse of Cuba. Bunau-Varilla wants his 40mil, so he stages a rebellion to overthrow Colombian government in Panama. When Colombia sends army ships to put down rebellion, US Navy blocks them (US Navy set up a pick, like in a basketball game)
Results of Rebellion: US + Roosevelt recognize Panama's independence, Bunau-Varilla get his 40mil and Roosevelt gets his canal. |
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Term
| Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine |
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Definition
def of corollary- If that is true, than that this is true...(like geometry)
The Monroe Doctrine says that Europeans cannot take any new territory in America (n or s). The Roosevelt Corollary extended this to mean that US could take pre-emptive action to stop Euro advances in SA (only had to have a hunch). Funny because Great Britain was the country enforcing The Monroe.
Important because... the US uses corollary to send marine corps to Venezuela to ensure that money from the country's tariff went to repaying its debt to Germany- avoid catastrophe- Germany had already started to break Venezuela's knee caps (sinking a gun boat) |
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Definition
Who were the progressives? The managerial/middle class; They replaced the populist party shot down by dems + repubs
What were their values? Helo
- Hard work
- Education
- Literacy
- Ownership
their concerns?
1. Lower Class Revolution
always hate on the managers. Had time to worry about it coming- stepped back and took a look at political scene (magazines)
2. Monopolies: They increase prices and focus on making profit, which leads to cutting corners on products used by MC. Also, when the UC beats the LC, the MC takes the heat.
Political reforms: Derek Gives Izzie Wedding
1. Direct election of senators
2. Graduated Income Tax
3. Women's Suffrage |
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Term
| Progressives + Women's Right to Vote |
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Definition
| Why they support it- Progressives want reform, women are historically more sensitive (care more about children and the downtrodden)and women were certain reform voters. Also, alcoholism was a big problem, women were the ones suffering from this, so progressive knew they were a good bet to vote for prohibition. |
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Progressives + Direct Primary Elections |
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Definition
| Senators would have to be more responsible to the people who would vote for them- prevents corruption by ending smoke-filled back-room elections by party bosses |
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Definition
What: Progressive Teddy Roosevelt's cleverly-named agenda
Included the 3 C's
1. Control Corporations
2. Consumer Protection
3. Conserving Natural Resources |
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Term
| Athracite Coal Miners Strike |
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Definition
One of Roosevelt's 2 C's is Control Corporations.
Roosevelt forces the head of the coal miner's union and the mine owners to join him in the oval office to resolve strike because the owner's were screwing with national security by allowing strike to continue (Navy ships operated on coal). Had they not complied with the President's request, Roosevelt would have seized the mines and had them operated by federal troops. The Miners get raises and better hours, but not everything they wanted.
This strike is significant because it was the first time in history that the President sided with workers and not big business- evidence of Roosevelt's progressivism. Also significant because meeting was an extension of the bully pulpit (using Presidency to get people to do things) |
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One of Roosevelt's 3 C's in the Square Deal was Consumer Protection.
Chicago is a big meat-packing city, but all the meat came from the west- many things fell into that meat before it went out to customers (rat terds...anyone?)
Part of progressive movement was to stop corruption in business.
This act set previously non-existent health codes, basically. |
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Term
Attack on the Triple Wall of Privilege
(Bailey Truly Teaches) |
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Definition
Banks: The Federal Reserve System
Trusts: Clayton Anti-trust act- closed big-business loopholes from Sherman and was meant to put down monopolies once and for all
Tariff: Underwood Tariff Bill |
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Term
| The Federal Reserve System |
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Definition
Cause: Individual Companies (or people- J.P. Morgan) had been able to set monetary policy before the reserve- abuse of power and killer for middle class. Significance: The Federal Reserve allowed the government, as opposed to J.P. Morgan + group, controlled monetary policy (interest rates, inflation, etc.) for the first time since the 2 failed national banks.
Identify: Banks for the banks that set monetary policy because of their size (about 12 regional reserves) |
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| replaced high tariff with a graduated income tax- was a desired progressive reform- regressive taxes (like tariffs) are bad because they make the rich, richer and the poor, poorer. |
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| The Discount Rate, part of (new!) Federal Reserve |
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Definition
| The discount rate was the interest rate of sorts that each smaller branch bank had to pay the reserve to borrow money. It was nearly $1/$1 and very insignificant, which made the Federal Reserve work well. |
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Germany's failed plan to avoid fighting a two-front war that called for a quick capture of Paris to defeat France and then an immediate move to the offensive against Russia if anyone even looked like they were going to start a war with Germany.
This was preparation for warfare between modern nations with industrial-based, mass conscription armies. |
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A diplomatic message from Germany to Mexico asking for an alliance IF the US goes to war with Germany and offering German help getting Texas territory back for Mexico.
Effect: GB intercepts this message and passes it along to Wilson. Offering to get Texas back for Mexico was just the amo. Wilson needed to the West onboard with joining the war. Leads to April 6th, 1917, the United States declares War + Wilson wants peace without winners and losers (lofty!?) |
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| Wilson's 14 Point Plan- part of the treaty of Versailles |
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Definition
Designed to end the war without victors (winners + losers), while still giving all participants somethings so lives weren't lost in vain.
1. abolish secret treaties
2. re-adjustment of colonial claims
3. freedom of the sea
4. remove economic barriers like tariffs
5. self-determination for Euro minority groups
6. reduction of armaments
7. Establish a League of Nations
Collective Security |
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1: The Czar is replaced with a provisional government that's democratic. This is important because it make WWI a war between monarchy and democracy (all allies)
2. Communist Revolution- Russia doesn't want to fight anymore because they believe it is a war about capitalism - launch a massive offensive with US support- leads to another stalemate |
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Term
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Definition
Culmination of the tragedy of Woodrow Wilson
Election of 1920- vote for a party is vote for or against an issue
Vote for Democrat (Cox)- vote for League of Nations
Vote for Republican (Harding)- vote against League
ran on a "return to normalcy"- was a horrible President (could compare to Bush, but very handsome)
America went back to being isolationist after harding won |
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Term
Roaring 20's
(Really Katherine Isn't Psycho) |
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Definition
Red Scare: both anti-immigrant
KKK: A nativist, anti-change and progress movement to keep America for the WASPS. This resurgence was more mainstream and they spread the hatred beyond blacks to other minority groups like Catholics, Jews, and other social-change groups
Immigration Act: Immigration restricted, illegal for first time.
Prohibition (progressive leftover): Banned sale or possession of alcohol to make America wholesome- really just drove immorality underground and increased organized crime |
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| 3 Theories as to why US broke Neutrality |
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Definition
1. Cultural- We're English
2. Economic- JP Morgan had already spent so much money, big cheeses wanted something for their money (wanted to be repaid)
3. Woodrow Wilson's masonic vision of America, as the messiah that will go save European nations |
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