Term
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Definition
| Congential malformation of the nose in wc there is blockage of the poserior side of the nose. s/sx: difficuty with nasal breathing, suck with lips, cyanosis. Pink color when crying, blue color when quiet. Difficulty with eating and weight gain. Dx: inability to pass firm catheter through nostril. Care: keep nose clean, gavage feeding, aspiration precautions, surgical repair. |
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Term
Esophageal atresa (EA) and Trachoesophgal fistula (TEF)
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Definition
| EA: failure of esophagus to develop as a continuous passage. TEF: abnormal cmmunication between trachea and esophagus. S/sx: frothing & bubbling at mouth and nose, excessive drooling & salivation; regurgitation, chocking, aspiration after feeding. Dx: radiography Care: medical emergency. NPO,gatrostomy & drainage of pouch. artificial airway. Aspiration precautions. IVF. |
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Term
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH)
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Definition
life-threatening ongenia abnormality characerized by a variable degree of pulmonary hypoplasia associated with decrease in pulmonary vasculature & surfactant.
S/Sx: severe resp distress within first minutes of life
Dx: prenatally or x-ray
Care: surgical emergency, airway and trauma stabilization, OG or NG tube, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Close monitoring. |
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Term
| Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) |
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Definition
R/t developmental delay in lung maturation, decreased surfactant.
S/Sx: rapid, shallow respirations, RR 60/min or faster, audible grunting, retractions, nasal flaring, cyanosis.
Dx: s/sx, x-ray, ABGs.
Care: manage airway and O2, administration of exogenous surfactant, vigilant monitoring. |
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Term
| Bonchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)or Chronic Lung Disease (CLD). |
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Definition
A chronic obstructive disease of the lungs that occurs as a complication of prolonged O2 therapy, esp in preterm infants who are on assisted ventilation.
S/Sx: tachypnea, wheezing, rales, retractions, episodes of cyanosis. Umbilical and inguinal hernia may occur.
Dx: s/sx and radiography.
Care: resp management, weaning from ventilator, alterations of ventilator settings, bronchodilators and corticosteriods. possible diuretic therapy. |
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Term
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Definition
Inherited autosomal-recessive disorder that causes the production of thick mucus that blocks exocrine glands and affects several body systems: resp, GI, and reproductive. Most common cause of chronic resp disease in children with severe resp infections.
S/Sx: vary from child to child and depend on body system being affected. Thick mucus accumulates and obstructs different organs. Frothy, bulky stools, malnutrition, anemia, growth failure, Resp crackles, wheezes, non-productive cough. Persistent Na and Cl in sweat (wet and salty). delayed development of secondary sex characteristics.
Care: Promote resp function, nutrition, growth and development, and independence. Pancreatic enzyme replacement with meals. High-protein, high-caloric diet and vit supplements. |
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