Term
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Definition
| a drug in an organic solute of ether or ethanol, which dries and leaves a flexible film |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| drug of vegetable origin in water |
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Term
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Definition
| a liquid or semi liquid applied with friction to unbroken skin |
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Term
| what is the vehicle in a liniment |
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Definition
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Term
| liniments can contain many active ingredients which have what properties |
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Definition
| soothing, stimulating, analgesic, rubifacient |
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Term
| What situation need caution for the word CREAM |
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Definition
| only to be applied to un broken skin |
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Term
| what is the definintion of a mixture? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the definition of an emulsion |
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Definition
| 2 immiscible liquids stablised into a homogenous mass, with emulsifying agents |
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Term
| what is a feature of buffered solution |
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Definition
| stable to changes in pH ie on skin |
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Term
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Definition
| moistened mass of vegetable material and clay heated before application used to reduce inflammation and pain |
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Term
| what are 2 types of solid preparations |
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Definition
| 1. for broken skin (ie an antibiotic powder), 2 for intact skin (eg dusting powders) |
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Term
| why should dusting powders only be used in intact skin? |
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Definition
| because in wounds the dust particles may act as a foreign body, and lead to formation of granulomas and gas gangrene secondary to contamination with clostridium |
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Term
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Definition
| take up excretions from the body |
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Term
| what is glycerin primarily used as, and what are its other properties? |
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Definition
| mainly a absorbent... but also highly hygroscopic, emollient, lubricant, anti-septic |
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Term
| what are the properties of Calamine lotion |
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Definition
| an absorbent, made of Zinc carbonate, which is soothing, atringent, and will absorb 1 1/2 times its weight in moisture |
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Term
| Discuss 3 properties of melonin? |
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Definition
| 1. highly absorbent acrylic fibre bondeed with a thin polyester film, allows drainage and is non stick, maintains wound moisture |
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Term
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Definition
| an agent that arrests or diminisheds the flow of blood, a styptic |
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Term
| what are some example of a haemostatics? |
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Definition
| FeCl3 (ferric chloride), AgNO3 (silver nitrate), calcium alginate dressings |
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Term
| how do many hameostatics work? |
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Definition
| reduce capillary bleeding time by increasing the contractility and resistance and decreasing the permeability of capillary wall.... |
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Term
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Definition
| lessen and relieve pain by removing cause (ie inflammation) or by changing response of perception of pain... |
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Term
| what re the classes of analgesics? |
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Definition
| opiates, non-opiates, corticosteroids, NSAIDs |
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Term
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Definition
| lessen sensitivity to pain by acting directkly on nerve endings. by blocking action potentials |
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Term
| what are 3 types of anaesthetics? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are 2 topical local anaesthetics? |
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Definition
| benzocaine (derivative of cocaine), and chloral hydrate |
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Term
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Definition
| a spary/gel or ointment anaesthetic |
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Term
| what are the active ingredient of paraderm plus? |
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Definition
| chlorhexidine gluconate, lignocaine, and bufexamac |
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Term
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Definition
| anti-septic, anti-inflammatory, and anaesthetic |
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Term
| what does a EMLA patch contain? |
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Definition
| lignocaine, and prilocaine |
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Term
| what are AE of EMLA cream/patches? |
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Definition
| oedema, itching, erythema, burning sensation |
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Term
| when are emla patches applied? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are 3 types of anti-inflamatory agents? |
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Definition
| rubificients, heat and cold, NSAIDs, corticosteroids |
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Term
| you would use rubifacients for a chronic inflammation, t or f |
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Definition
| t, this will stimualte blood flow |
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Term
| what does a rubefacient do? |
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Definition
| produces local inflammation when applied to skin. the increased blood flow flushes metablites from areas of chronic inflammation and relieves congestion and stasis |
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Term
| when are rubifacients contraindicated? |
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Definition
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Term
| rubifacients usually contact what ? |
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Definition
| camphor, menthol, iodine, methyl salicylate, eucalyptus oil, capsaicin |
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Term
| what are 4 mentioned of NSAIDs |
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Definition
| piroxicam (feldene), indomethacin (indospray), diclofenac (voltarin), ibuprofen |
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Term
| what are 2 important c/i or NSAIDs |
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Definition
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Term
| how do corticosteroids act? |
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Definition
| on cells to reduce arachidonic nacid and hence prostaglandin production |
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Term
| how do corticosteroids affect other cells? |
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Definition
| decrease monocyte/macrophage activity |
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Term
| what are corticosteroid creams very useful for? when are they c/i? |
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Definition
| dermatitis, eczema....c/i where infection is present...(including fungal) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| which 2 mechs may anhydrotics work? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are some examples of a anhydrotic... |
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Definition
| alcohol, aluminium acetate |
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Term
| what are 2 modes of action of astringents? |
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Definition
| 1. protein precipitant (shrink cells of mucous membranes, dilute caustics, harden skin) 2 physical astringent (evaporate quickly on skin causing constricton of tissues,m ie evaporation ladss to cooloing) |
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Term
| what are some examples of astringents? |
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Definition
| aluminium, TBCo, cystal violet, AgNO3, Calamine, glycerin |
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Term
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Definition
| soften and lubricates tissue |
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Term
| what are indications for emollients/ |
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Definition
| dermatitis, eczema, congenital icthyosis, dry skin conditions.. |
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Term
| when are 2 situations when an emollient is c/i? and what is a problem with emollients? |
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Definition
| hyperhydrosis, infection... the prob is that they can block skin glands , leading to folliculitis |
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Term
| urea, is a what? how does it act? |
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Definition
| keratolytic, which encourgaes absorption and retention of water by strat corneum |
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Term
| what is the use of an anaesthetic? |
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Definition
| surgery, enucleation of painful corns |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what are some example of antipuritics? |
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Definition
| benzocaine, rubifacients, calamine lotion, and withc hazel |
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Term
| discuss use of 20-40% ointment of salicylic acid? and the minimum and maximum return period? |
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Definition
| ID, digital and plantar HD, return min in 4-7 days, maximum 3/52 |
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Term
| what strength of salicylic acid is used for VP? |
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Definition
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Term
| at what strength is salicylic acid fungicidal? |
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Definition
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Term
| discuss solubility of salicylic acid |
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Definition
| colourless cystal soluble in water and alcohol |
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Term
| what is a key point of >10% of salicylic acid? |
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Definition
| whit rubbery coagulum forms, which accumulates, and should be removed to avoid infection |
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Term
| what is an antidote of Silver nitrate? |
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Definition
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Term
| when should silver nitrate be avoided? |
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Definition
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Term
| at <20% what is silver nitrate used for? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| (silver nitrate btw) a irritant and caustic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| how does a keratolytic work? what is a it a subset of? |
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Definition
| break salt linkages between keratin molecules and allow H20 in to cause maceration, they soften rather than destroy str. corneum (a type of keratolytic) |
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Term
| how would silver nitrate be used for Hmolle, HD, nail sulci and heel fissues? |
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Definition
| 20-25% sln, applied regularily for less than 2/52 |
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Term
| what is the use of 40-50% silver nitrate? how often is it applied? |
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Definition
| deep HD, NVHD, weekly, or every 3-4days to granulation tissue |
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Term
| when is trichloracetic acid used? |
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Definition
| for VP Rx, esp where there is less adipose tissue ie toes as it is gentler |
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Term
| describe 2 ways trichloracetic acid used for VP? |
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Definition
1. debride callous, and soak lesion with solution, review in 4-14 days
2. apply a crystal to Vp for 30s, and review 4-14 days (stronger action). |
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Term
| what is the antidote for trichloracetic acid |
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Definition
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Term
| How is glacial Acetic acid used? |
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Definition
| paint on VP, followed by AgNO3, 2-3 applications each visit, pain on HD/NVHD |
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Term
| what is the antedote of Glacial acetic acid? |
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Definition
| water, or bicarbonate soda |
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Term
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Definition
| at risk, damaged skin, atrophic skin |
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Term
| what is the return for glacial acetic acid? |
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Definition
| min 4 days for VP as weak Rx, 14-12 days for HD |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| skin cleanser that dissolves fats and resins and removes plaster marks... |
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Term
| what cautions should be had with acetone? what is antiodote? |
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Definition
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Term
| how should acetone be stored? |
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Definition
| 17 degrees C, in dark, glass stopper bottles |
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Term
| what is the best concentration of alcohol for antispetic |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what is the use of alcohols? |
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Definition
| atringent, antiseptic, solvent, astringent, haemostatic, |
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Term
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Definition
| soft corn, hypergranulation, tissue |
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Term
| Aluminium acetate Sln comes as what? |
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Definition
| Burrows Sln, 13% aluminium acetate.. |
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Term
| aluminium acetate is diluted at 1:3 for what? |
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Definition
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Term
| what concentration is used for hyperaemic stage of erythrema pernio |
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Definition
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Term
| what concentration of aluminium acetate is used for bromidrosis |
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Definition
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Term
| what is return for aluminium acetate? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a c/i of aluminium acetate? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 1.post op, daily paint for eythrema pernio, daily for fissurs, protect from plaster or abrasions, nail packing, Hmolle, protection from wart treatments |
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Term
| what is the antidote of TBCo? what are C/I |
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Definition
| alcohol. ci= sepsis, weeping wounds |
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Term
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Definition
| soothing, astringent, absorbent, antipuritic, rashes, erythema pernio |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what action does camphor have? |
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Definition
| rubefacient, antipuretic, fungicidal, antiseptic, stimulates then numbs nerves |
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Term
| describe the use of Carbon monoxide snow... on VP |
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Definition
| 1.debride suurounding callous, 2 apply CO2 to lesion 60 secs with mod pressure, wamr foot bath 5 mins, 60% sal acid for 5-7 days. (note if you dont do steps 3 and 4 a blister will form |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what are characteristics of coal tar |
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Definition
| black liquid. strong odour,20% coal tar in 70% alcohol |
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Term
| what actions does coal tar have? and what is it used for? |
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Definition
| antiseptic, antipuritic, mild rubifacient, used for psoriasis, eczema, open chill blains |
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Term
| what are the uses of crystal violet? |
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Definition
| antiseptic against Gram +ve microbes, fungicide (1:1000), astringent, needs to be applied frequently |
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Term
| chlorhexidine gluconate.. active against what? |
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Definition
| antispetic, G+ve and G-ve organisms |
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Term
| hydrogen peroxide what is its use? |
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Definition
antispetic esp against anaerobic bacteria, effervesces violently if septic exudate due to aerobic abcteria enzymes....
also a sleansing agent, softener, styptic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what %age is in ferric chloride sln |
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Definition
| 13.9% to 16.1% FeCl3, or strong at 60% |
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Term
| what is the use of ferric chloride? |
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Definition
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Term
| describe 3 applications and amount of application of FeCl3 |
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Definition
| daily for a week for nail sulci, 2/day for hypergranulation, use a strong soln (60%) no more than 2 times per week for vascular corns |
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Term
| what is a C/I of ferric chloride? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| mixes with H20, glycerin and alcohol |
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Term
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Definition
| keratolytic, 25% lactic acid +25% sal acid for VP - keep dry for several days. return in 7-14 days for review |
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Term
| what is the use of Magnesium sulphate? |
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Definition
| relieve foot strain when used in foot baths, pastes to treat onychia, paronychia, infected cavities, and foreign bodies |
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Term
| how is magnesium sulphate used? |
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Definition
| as Magnoplasm (magnesium sulphate and glycerol paste) applied 5mm thick under dressing and bandage and replace every 12-24 hours |
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Term
| when is magnesium sulphate not used? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the use of eucalyptus |
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Definition
| analgesic, antiseptic, healing agent, rubifacient |
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Term
| what is a problem with chloroxylenol (dettol) |
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Definition
| only active against Gram +ve |
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Term
| what is the success rate of toilnaftate? what is it used for? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is tolnaftate commonly called? what is it active against, and not atcive against... |
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Definition
| tinaderm, trichophyton, E floccosum, microsporum not active against candida!!! |
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Term
| what is Daktarin Tincture used for? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the most efective antifungal? what class is it? |
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Definition
| Terbinafine(lamisil cream), Allylamines |
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Term
| Miconazole is called what and used for what? |
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Definition
| Called Daktarin, and is imidazole antifungal |
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Term
| econazole (ecostatin)is used for what |
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Definition
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Term
| what are 2 oral antifungals? |
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Definition
| terbinafine, itraconazole |
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Term
| what were 2 early oral antifungal |
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Definition
| griseofuluin, Ketoconazole |
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Term
| describe the length of Rx with oral antifungals... |
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Definition
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Term
| what are side affects or oral antifungals... |
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Definition
10% experience... GI disturbances, rashes, pruritis, headaches, dizziness
joint and muscle pain.... also may affect liver function |
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Term
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Definition
| a white toxic crystal phenol used as a photgraphic developer, and to treat certain skin dz. penetrates deeply (a caustic) |
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Term
calamine is used for what actions?
what are CI? |
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Definition
sootjhing, astringent, antipruritic, rashes chill blains
CI = anhydrosis, wounds |
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Term
| Ichtammol is used for what purpose? |
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Definition
| mild antispetic, liquifies pus, fissures, applied for subungual breakdown |
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Term
| discuss the use of lactic acid in Vp Rx... |
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Definition
| used at 25% concentration with 25% sall acid, keep dry 7 days and return in 1-2 weeks |
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Term
| what is methyl salicylate used as |
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Definition
| powerful rubifactient, and analgesic |
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Term
| what are hard parrafins used for> |
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Definition
| used in ointment bases to increase melting points |
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Term
| what are liquid paraffin used for/ |
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Definition
| poor emollient, used as a vehicle for other meds, and in ointment and cream bases |
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Term
| Discuss the use of Potassium hydroxide in rx of VP |
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Definition
| debride callous, soak foot in warm water 5 mins, dry foot and rub in pellet, immerse foot in water for 2 mins, and dry. debride jelly like VP material. apply Glacial acetic acid to neutralize. return review in 3-7 days |
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Term
| what % is sal acic used for a O/P, return? |
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Definition
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Term
| I wish to used sal acid for itsn fungicidal properties... what % useA? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sal acid appears a good choice for a HD on PMA 3, what % to use and when is the return? |
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Definition
| 20-40%. return in a min 4-7 days and a max 3 weeks |
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Term
| what % is phenol used at? what is its use and what is its antidote? |
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Definition
| 80%, nail surgery, glycerin!!! |
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Term
| is sal acid a protein precipitant of hydrolyses... (what does this mean? |
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Definition
| hydrolyses, it softens skin! |
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Term
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Definition
| clotrimazole, econazole, miconazole |
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Term
| disdcuss silver nitrate use on a Hmole |
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Definition
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Term
| when is caustic therapy contraindicated? |
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Definition
| open wounds, infection and 'at risk feet' |
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Term
| in caustic therapy, what is used to mask healthy tissue/ |
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Definition
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