Term
| 4 different types of breast surgery: |
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Definition
-lumpectomy
-simple mastectomy
-regional mastectomy
-radical mastectomy |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| removal of just the mass or part of a breast |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of several local glands; remove the breast with a lump, 1 cranial and 1 caudal to this |
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Term
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Definition
| removal of a complete chain of glands |
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Term
| Radical mastectomy can be ___ or ___. |
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Definition
unilateral- L or R side
bilateral- both sides |
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Term
| Breast glands are connected where? |
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Definition
-on the L side, and on the R side
-L and R not connected to one another |
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Term
| How are bilateral radical mastectomies usually performed? |
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Definition
| two Sx, one side at a time; otherwise there would be too much suture tension |
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Term
| When performing a radical mastectomy, how will the vet know where to place the sutures? |
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Definition
| dash marks on either side of incision so edges appose evenly |
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Term
| Notes on mammary gland tumors in males: |
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Definition
-uncommon
-usually malignant |
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Term
| Notes on mammary gland tumors in female dogs: |
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Definition
-most common type of tumor in female dogs
-60% unspayed / spayed after 3rd heat will get them
-up to 50% malignant
-some more aggressive than other types
-common types include: carcinoma, adenoma, mixed, sarcomas |
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Term
| What types of tumors are cancerous / malignant? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| different cell types in tumor; may be benign or malignant |
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Term
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Definition
-VD or DV
-L and R lateral views
-look for tumors in lungs
-all cells in blood must pass through capillaries in lungs, so common to metastisize there |
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Term
| Why do we do both a L and R lateral for a METS check? |
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Definition
-to "highlight" small tumors with air in the lungs
-in R lat, air rises to L side; can more easily see small tumors on L side |
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Term
| Notes on feline mammary gland tumors: |
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Definition
-less common, but more deadly (>90% malignant); more aggressive than in dogs
-usually metastasized by the time it's found
-adenocarcinomas most prevalent
-survival <1yr |
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Term
| Most common type of feline mammary gland tumor: |
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Definition
| adenocarcinoma (malignant glandular) |
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Term
| Signalment and mammary gland tumors: |
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Definition
-middle aged more likely (6-8yr)
-female dogs more likely
-almost all feline tumors in unspayed females
-dogs with any estrus, especially if unspayed by 3rd estrus |
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Term
| Physical exam for mammary gland tumors: |
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Definition
-K9: usually in most caudal glands
-palpate inguinal and axillary lymph nodes for enlargement and spread
-palpate every gland, every nipple
-older animals have more fat, so be thorough |
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Term
| In what species will spaying a mammary gland tumor patient help? |
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Definition
| cats- their tumors are estrogen-sensitive |
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Term
| Significance of ulcerative tumors? |
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Definition
| -usually means it's malignant |
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Term
| When a vet is going to remove multiple mammary gland tumors, what should you as a tech do while setting up for surgery? |
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Definition
-put out several scalpel blades
-don't want to transfer cancer cells from one gland to the next |
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Term
| Post-op care for mammary gland tumor removal: |
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Definition
-analgesics
-maybe abdominal wraps to support wound, compress deadspace, absorb draining fluid (prevent seroma)
-penrose drain (prevent seroma) removed after 3d
-re-evaluate pts regularly for local recurrence and spread; 2-3x year by palpation and/or METS check |
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Term
| Notes on chemotherapy / irradiation therapy: |
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Definition
-it is an option, but animals can't agree to chemo and all its side effect
-more of a focus on quality of life than on length of life, different from in people |
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Term
| Why is there a risk of seroma after mastectomy? |
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Definition
-may have large incision (radical mastect)
-wound is ventral, fluid pools there |
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Term
| What do cancer cells look like? |
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Definition
-darker cytoplasm
-abnormal size or shape
-multiple nuclei
-mitotic figures (rapid division) |
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Definition
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