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Master Glossary
All of the terms for the end of year test for Project Lead the Way Principles of Biomedical Science
224
Medical
11th Grade
04/30/2010

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Term
Active Immunity
Definition
Immunity produced by the person's own immune system. This type immunity can be brought about by a natural infection or by a vaccine. It is usually long lasting.
Term
Adhesion
Definition
A sticking together of substances; the molecular attraction exerted between the surfaces of bodies in contact.
Term
Adanine
Definition
A component of nucleic acids, energy-carrying molecules such as ATP, and certain coenzymes. Chemically, it is a purine base.
Term
Agarose
Definition
A polysaccharide obtained from seaweed that is used as the supporting medium in gel electrophoresis.
Term
Allele
Definition
Alternative versions of a gene that produce distinguishable phenotypic effects.
Term
Alpha-globin
Definition
The poly-peptide chain of hemoglobin that is designated as alpha.
Term
Amino Acid
Definition
An organic molecule possessing both the carboxyl and amino acid groups. Amino acids serve as the monomers of proteins.
Term
Amino Group
Definition
A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms.
Term
Amplification
Definition
A usually massive replication of genetic material and especially of a gene or DNA sequence.
(HEY NOW! WHY AREN'T WE DOING THIS ON A SINE/COSINE GRAPH?!)
Term
Angiography
Definition
The radiographic visualization of the blood vessels after injection of a radiopaque substance in the from of an angiogram
Term
Amylase
Definition
Any of a group of enzymes (as amylopsin)that catalyze the hydrolysis of starch and glycogen or their intermediate hydrolysis products.
Term
Anemia
Definition
A condition in which the blood is deficient of red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume.
Term
Antibiotic
Definition
Substance produced by or a semi-synthetic substance derived from a microorganism and able in dilute solution to inhibit or kill another microorganism.
Term
Antibiotic Resistance
Definition
Resistance to one or more antibiotics, usually due to additional genetic information.
Term
Antibody
Definition
Any of a large number of proteins of high molecular weight that are produced by specialized B cells after stimulation by an antigen and act specifically against the antigen in an immune response, that are produced abnormally by some cancer cells, and that typically consist of four subunits including two heavy chains and two light chains
Term
Antigen
Definition
Any substance foreign to the body that invokes an immune response either alone or after forming a complex with a larger molecule (as a protein) and that is capable of binding with a product (an antibody or a T cell) of the immune response.
Term
Antiseptic
Definition
A substance that inhibits the growth or action or microorganisms especially in or on living tissue.
Term
Antiviral drugs
Definition
Drugs that act, are effective, or are directed against viruses.
Term
Aorta
Definition
The large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body.
Term
Aortic Valve
Definition
The semilunar valve that prevents blood from flowing backward into the left ventricle.
Term
Arrhythmia
Definition
An alteration in rhythm of the heartbeat either in time or force.
Term
Artery
Definition
Any of the tubular branching muscular and elastic walled vessels that carry blood through the body.
Term
Atom
Definition
The smallest whole particle of an element that can exist alone or in combination
Term
Atrium
Definition
A chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into the ventricles as the heart pumps.
Term
Autopsy
Definition
An examination of the body after death usually with dissection as will expose the vital organs for determining the cause of death or the character extent of changes produced by disease- also called a nercropsy, postmortem examination
Term
Autosome
Definition
A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex (gender), as opposed to the sex chromosomes (X or Y).
Term
Bacillus
Definition
A cylindrical or rod- shaped bacterium.
Term
Bacteria
Definition
A domain in the system of classification dividing all organisms into three major domains of life that includes the prokaryotes.
Term
Beta-globin
Definition
The polypeptide chain of hemoglobin that is designated beta and that when deficient or defective causes various anemias (as beta -thalassemia or sickle-cell)
Term
Bicuspid Valve
Definition
The valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrium and left ventricle, preventing blood from back flowing into the atrium.
Term
Bioengineering
Definition
Biological or medical application of engineering principles or engineering equipment.
Term
Bioethics
Definition
the discipline dealing with the ethical implications of biological research and applications especially in medicine.
Term
Biomedical Science
Definition
The application of the principles of the natural sciences, especially biology and physiology, to clinical medicine.
Term
Biopsy
Definition
The removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the living body.
Term
Blood Pressure
Definition
The pressure exerted on the walls of the blood vessels, especially the arteries, measured on a radial artery by means of a sphygmomanometer and expressed in millimeters of mercury.
Term
Brachycardia
Definition
A relatively slow heart action whether physiological or pathological.
Term
Buffer
Definition
A solution that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to a solution.
Term
Calorie
Definition
An amount of food having an energy producing value of one large calorie (the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1000 g water one degree Celsius)
Term
Capsid
Definition
The protein shell that encloses a viral genome. It may be rod-shaped, polyhedral, or more complex in shape.
Term
Carboxyl Group
Definition
A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.
Term
Cardiology
Definition
The study of the heart and its actions and diseases.
Term
Cardiovascular System
Definition
The transport system of the body responsible for carrying oxygen and nutrients to the body and carrying away carbon dioxide and other wastes; composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
Term
Carrier
Definition
A person, animal, or plant that harbors and transmits the causative agent of an infectious diseases; one who carries the causative agent systemically but is asymptomatic or immune to it.
Term
Catalyst
Definition
A substance that enables a chemical reaction to proceed under different conditions (as at a lower temperature) than otherwise possible.
Term
Cell
Definition
The smallest structural unit of living matter capable of functioning independently.
Term
Chemical Reaction
Definition
The interactions of atoms, ions or molecules resulting in a new product made of the original components and causing a release or absorption of energy.
Term
Cholesterol
Definition
A lipid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids.
Term
Chromosome
Definition
Any of the usually linear bodies in the cell nucleus that contain the genetic material.
Term
Chronic
Definition
Marked by long duration, by frequent recurrence over a long time, and often by slowly progressing seriousness.
Term
Citation
Definition
A written reference to a specific work (book, article, dissertation, report, musical composition, etc.) by a particular author or crator which identifies the document in which the work may be found.
Term
Clinical Trials
Definition
A scientifically controlled study study of the safety and effectiveness of a therapeutic agent (as a drug or vaccine) using consenting human subjects.
Term
Coccus
Definition
A spherical shaped bacterium.
Term
Complication
Definition
A secondary disease or condition that develops in the course of a primary disease or condition and arises either as a result of it or from independent causes.
Term
Codon
Definition
A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a specific amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.
Term
Cohesion
Definition
The act or process of sticking together lightly; the molecular attraction by which the particles of a body are united throughout the mass.
Term
Compound
Definition
Two or more different atoms chemically joined to form a whole.
Term
Contagious
Definition
Capable of being transmitted from person to person, animal to animal, animal to human, or human to animal, by contact.
Term
Coroner
Definition
The presiding officer of a special court, a medical officer, or an officer of law responsible for investigating deaths, particular those happening under unusual circumstances.
Term
Culture
Definition
The act or process of growing living material (as bacteria or viruses) in prepared nutrient media.
Term
Cytosine
Definition
A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in DNA and RNA in cells. Chemically it is pyrimidine.
Term
Denature
Definition
To modify the molecular structure of (as a protein or DNA) especially by heat, acid, alkali, or ultraviolet radiation so as to destroy or diminish some of the original properties and especially the specific biological activity.
Term
Diagnosis
Definition
The art or act of identifying a disease from its signs and symptoms.
Term
Dialysis
Definition
Either of two medical procedures to remove wastes or toxins from the blood and adjust fluid and electrolyte imbalances by utilizing rates at which substances diffuse through a semi-permeable imbalances by utilizing rates at which substances diffuse through a semi-permeable membrane or the process of removing blood from an artery (as of a kidney patient), purifying it by dialysis, adding vital substances, and returning it to a vein.
Term
Diastole
Definition
The stage of the heart cycle in which the heart muscle is relaxed, allowing the chambers to fill with blood.
Term
Diastolic Pressure
Definition
Blood pressure that remains between heart contractions.
Term
Dietary
Definition
The kinds and amounts of food available to or eaten by an individual, group or population.
Term
Digestive System
Definition
The group of organs that break down foods into chemical components that the body can absorb and use for energy, and for building and repairing cells and tissues.
Term
Dilution
Definition
A solution that is thinner or more liquid by admixture.
Term
Disinfection
Definition
To free from infection especially by destroying harmful microorganisms.
Term
Documentation:
Definition
The act of creating citations to identify resources used in writing a work.
Term
Dominant Trait
Definition
A genetic trait expressed in a person who has only one copy of the gene associated with the trait.
Term
Edema
Definition
An abnormal excess accumulation of serous fluid in connective tissue or in a serous cavity.
Term
Erythrocyte
Definition
A red blood cell.
Term
Electrocardiogram (EKG)
Definition
A graphical recording of activities taking place in the heart.
Term
Electrophoresis
Definition
The movement of suspended particles through a fluid or gel under the action of an electromotive force applied to electrodes in contact with the suspension.
Term
Emergency Medical Technician
Definition
A specially trained medical technician certified to provide basic emergency services (such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation) before being tranported to a hospital.
Term
Endocrine System
Definition
The internal system of chemical communication involving hormones, ductless glands that secrete hormones, and receptors on target cells that respond to hormones.
Term
Envelope
Definition
A double layer of lipid surrounding the viral capsid.
Term
Enzyme
Definition
Any of numerous complex proteins that are produced by living cells and catalyze specific biochemical reactions at specific body conditions.
Term
Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Definition
A metabolic disorder that is caused by defective or absent receptors for LDL (low density lipoproteins) on cell surfaces, that is marked by an increase in blood plasma LDL and by an accumulation of LDL in the body resulting in an increased risk of heart attack and coronary heart disease, and that is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.
Term
Fatty Acid
Definition
A long carbon chain with the end carbon double bonded to oxygen and to a hydroxyl (OH) to form a carboxylic acid. Fatty acids vary in length and in the number and location of double bonds; these fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule form fat.
Term
Feedback
Definition
The return to the input of a part of the output in a machine, system, or process (as for producing changes in an electronic circuit that improve performance or in an automatic control device that provide self-corrective action).
Term
Fluid Mechanics
Definition
A branch of mechanics dealing with the properties of liquids and gases.
Term
Forensic Science
Definition
The application of seintific knowledge to questions of civil and criminal law.
Term
Function
Definition
Any of a group of related actions contributing to a larger action; especially the normal and specific contriution of a bodily part to the economy of a living organism.
Term
Gene
Definition
A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA.
Term
Genealogy
Definition
The study of an individual's genetic past through past and present family members.
Term
Genotype
Definition
All or part of the genetic constitution of an individual or group.
Term
Genetic Material
Definition
Molecules responsible for heredity and variation of organisms.
Term
Grant
Definition
A document that results in funds being transferred to a person, organization, project, etc.
(Did you know that calculus is AWESOME?!...well, it is.)
Term
Gram Stain
Definition
A method for the differential staining of bacteria that involves fixing the bacterial cells to a slide and staining with crystal violet and iodine, then washing with alcohol, and counterstaining with safranin. It results in gram-positive bacteria retaining the purple dye and gram-negative organisms having it decolorized so that the red counterstain shows up.
Term
Guanine
Definition
A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in DNA and RNA in cells. Chemically it is a purine base.
Term
Gene
Definition
A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA.
Term
Genealogy
Definition
The study of an individual's genetic past through past and present family members.
Term
Genotype
Definition
All or part of the genetic constitution of an individual or group.
Term
Genetic Material
Definition
Molecules responsible for heredity and variation of organisms.
Term
Grant
Definition
A document that results in funds being transferred to a person, organization, project, etc.
(Did you know that calculus is AWESOME?!...well, it is.)
Term
Gram Stain
Definition
A method for the differential staining of bacteria that involves fixing the bacterial cells to a slide and staining with crystal violet and iodine, then washing with alcohol, and counterstaining with safranin. It results in gram-positive bacteria retaining the purple dye and gram-negative organisms having it decolorized so that the red counterstain shows up.
Term
Guanine
Definition
A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in DNA and RNA in cells. Chemically it is a purine base.
Term
Helix
Definition
Smething in spiral form.
Term
Hemoglobin
Definition
An iron-containing protein found in red blood cells that reversibly binds ozygen. It functions in the transport of oxygen.
Term
Heredity
Definition
The transmission of triats from ancestor to descendant.
Term
Helix
Definition
Smething in spiral form.
Term
Heterozygous
Definition
Having two different alleles for a given gene.
Term
HDL: High Density Lipoprotein
Definition
A cholesterol-carrying particle in the blood, made up of cholesterol and other lipids surrounded by a single layer of phospholipids in which proteins are embedded. An HDL particle carries less cholesterol than a related lipoprotein, LDL, and may be correlated with a decreased risk of blood vessel blockage.
Term
Histology
Definition
The branch of anatomy that deals with the minute detail of animal and plant tissues discernable with the microscope.
Term
Histone
Definition
A small protein with a high proportion of a positively charged amino acids that binds to the negatively charged DNA and plays a key role in its chromatin structure.
Term
Homeostasis
Definition
The steady-state physiological condition of the body.
Term
Homozygous
Definition
Having two identical alleles for a given gene.
Term
Hormone
Definition
A product of living cells that circulates in body fluids (as blood) and produces a specific often stimulatory effect on the activity of cells usually remote from its point of origin.
Term
Host Cell
Definition
Cell on or in which smaller organisms or viruses live, feed, and reproduce.
Term
Hydrogen Bond
Definition
A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the lightly negative atom of a polar covalent atom in another molecule.
Term
Hydroxyl group
Definition
A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom joined to an oxygen atom by a polar covalent bond. Molecules posessing this group are soluble in water and are called alcohols.
Term
Hydrophilic
Definition
Having an affinity for water.
Term
Hydrophobic
Definition
Having an aversion to water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water (such as oil in water).
Term
Hypothesis
Definition
A proposition tentatively assumedd in order to draw out its logical or empirical consequencecs and test its consistency with facts that are known or may be determined.
Term
Immunity
Definition
A condition of being able to resist a particular disease especially through preventing reproduction of a pathogenic organism or by contracting the effects of its products
Term
Infectious
Definition
Capable of causing infection
Term
Insulin
Definition
A pancreatic protein that is essential especially for the metablolism of carbohydrates and the regulation of glucose levels in the blood
Term
Intervention
Definition
The act or a method of interfering with the outcome especially of a condition ( as to prevent harm or improve functioning.)
Term
Intron
Definition
A non-coding intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene
Term
Inferior Vena Cava
Definition
A large vein in the human body that returns blood to the right atrium of the heart from the bodily parts below the diaphragm
Term
Journal
Definition
a peridoical such as a newspaper or magazine that deals with matters of a current interest
Term
Karyotype
Definition
a display of the chromosomes of a specific cell arrandged by size and shape
Term
Leukocyte
Definition
A white blood cell
Term
LDL-Low Density Lipoprotein
Definition
A cholestrerol-carrying particle in the blood, make up of cholesterol and other lipids surrounded by a single layer of phospholipids in which proteins are embedded. An LDL particle carries more cholesterol than a related lipoprotein, HDL, and high LDL levels in the blood correlate with a tendency to develop blocked blood vessels and heart disease
Term
Linear
Definition
Relating to a straight line or capable of being represented by a straight line.
Term
Lysis
Definition
A process of disintegration or dissolution(as of cells).
Term
Monounsaturated Fatty Acid
Definition
A fatty acid whose molecular structure includes on one double carbon bond.
(People use calculus to build these!)
Term
Machine
Definition
An assemble of parts that transmits forces, motion, and energy to another in predetermined manner; a mechanically, electrically operated device for performing a task.
Term
Macromolecule
Definition
A type of giant molecule formed by joining smaller molecules which includes proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acid.
Term
Materials Science
Definition
The scientific study of the properties and applications of materials of construction or manufacture.
Term
Mechanical Engineering
Definition
A branch of engineering concerned with the industrial application of machines and with the production of tools, machinery, and their products.
Term
Medical Examiner
Definition
A physician who performs an autopsy when death may be accidental or violent. He or she may also serve in some jurisdictions as the coroner.
(Ewww, dead people. You should choose calculus.)
Term
Messenger RNA
Definition
Also known as mRNA. A type of RNA (nucleic acid) synthesized from DNA and attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm;it specifiesthe primary structure of a protein.
Term
Microtome
Definition
An instrument used for cutting sections of tissue for microscopic examination
Term
Mitral Valve
Definition
A valve in the heart that guards the opening in the left atrium once it has gone into the left ventricle.
Term
Model
Definition
A simplified version of of something complex used for example, to analyze and problem solve or make predictions.
Term
Molecule
Definition
Two or more atoms, alike or different, bonded together to make a single unit.
Term
Monomer
Definition
The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer
Term
Monosaccharide
Definition
A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar.
Term
Mutation
Definition
A rare change in the DNA of a gene, ultimately creating genetic diversity.
Term
Negative Feedback
Definition
Feedback that tends to dampen a process by applying the output against the initial conditions: when the increase in one factor causes a decrease in another factor.
Term
Nervous System
Definition
The bodily system in vertebrates made up of the brain, spinal chord, nerves, ganglai & parts of receptor organs & that receives & interprets stimuli & transmits impulses to the effecter organs.
Term
Nucleotide
Definition
The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
Term
Nutrient
Definition
Substance (food) that provides needed resources for cellular functions.
Term
Nutrition
Definition
The sum of the processes by which an animal takes in & utilizes food substances for metabolic processes.
Term
Organ
Definition
Collection of tissues which performs a function or set of functions in an animal's body.
Term
Outcome
Definition
Something that follows as a result or consequence.
Term
Outline
Definition
A condensation of a subject or argument into its main points.
Term
Overview
Definition
A general survey of information.
Term
Pandemic
Definition
Occuring over a wide geographic area and affecting an exceptionally high proportion of the population.
Term
Pathogenic
Definition
Causing or capable of causing disease.
Term
PCR- Polymerase Chain reaction
Definition
A laboratory technique for amplifying DNA "in vitro" by incubation with special primers, DNA polymerase molecules, and nucleotides.
Term
Pedigree
Definition
A family tree describing the occurance of inheritance characters in parents and offspring accross as many generations as possible.
Term
Pericardium
Definition
The conical sac of serous membrane that encloses the heart and the roots of the great blood vessels of vertebrates.
Term
Periodical
Definition
Publishes with a fixed interval between the issues or numbers.
Term
pH Scale
Definition
A measure of the amount of hydrogen ions in a solution.
Term
Pharmaceutical
Definition
A medical drug.
Term
Phenotype
Definition
The physical and physiological traits of an organism that are determined by its genetic makeup.
Term
Plagiarize
Definition
to steal and pass off (the ideas or words) as one's own: use (another's production) without crediting the source.
Term
Plasma
Definition
The fluid part of the blood or lymph.
Term
Platelet
Definition
A component of mammalian blood that lacks a nucleus and is derived from fragments of megakaryocyte cytoplasm, and that assists in blood clotting, also called a thrombocyte.
Term
Polarity
Definition
A lack of electrical symmetry in a molecule. Change differences on opposite ends of a structure.
Term
Polyunsaturated Fat
Definition
A kind of fat often found in plant products that contains mumerous double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tails of the fatty acids.
Term
Polymerase
Definition
Any of several enzymes that catalyze the formation of DNA.
Term
Polymerase
Definition
To undergo a chemical reaction in which two or more smaller molecules combine to form larger molecules that contain repeating structural units of the origional molecule.
Term
Polymer
Definition
A larger molecule consisting of many repeating chemical units or molecules linked together.
Term
Polymorphism
Definition
The coexistence of two or more distinct forms in the same population.
Term
Polysaccharide
Definition
A polymer of thousands of simple sugars formed by dehydration synthesis.
Term
Positive Feedback
Definition
Feedback that tends to magnify a process or increase its output; the increase in one factor causes an increase in another.
Term
Positive Displacement Pump
Definition
A type of pump that uses positive pressure to move a fluid.
(CALCULUS RULES!!!!)-Yeah, you know you like that. :P
Term
Primary Source
Definition
An origional source of a person; a person's ideas or thoughts in his or her own words.
(CALCULUS IS THE BEST)
Term
Prokaryote
Definition
A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles, for example: bacteria.
(IF ONLY THERE WERE MORE CALCULUS STUDENTS)
Term
Prognosis
Definition
The prospect of survival and recovery from a disease as anticipated from the usual course of the disease or indicated by special features of the case.
Term
Protein
Definition
A three-dimensional biological polymer constructed from a set of twenty different monomers called amino acids. Proteins play vital roles in cell metabolism.
Term
Pump
Definition
A device that raises, transfers, delivers, or compresses fluids or that attenulates gases especially by suction pressure or both.
Term
Quarantine
Definition
A restraunt upon the activities of travels of persons or the transport of goods that is designed to prevent the spread of disease or pests.
Term
Quaternary Structure
Definition
The particular shape of a complex aggregate protein, defined by the characteristice three-dimensional arrangement of its constituent sub-units, each a polypeptide.
Term
recessive trait
Definition
a condition that only appears in individuals who recieve two copies of a gene associated with the trait, one copy from each parent.
Term
recommended daily allowance
Definition
the quantity of a given nutrient needed for daily metabolic processes, as recommended by the Federal Drug Administration(FDA).
Term
respiratory system
Definition
a system of organs functioning in the process of gas exchange between the body and the environment, consisting of especially the nose, nasal passages, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
Term
restriction endonuclease
Definition
a degradative enzyme that recognizes specific nucleotide sequence and cuts of DNA.
Term
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Definition
a type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine, cytosine, uracil and guanine; usually single stranded; functions on protein synthesis and as a genome in some viruses.
Term
ribosome
Definition
a cell organelle that functions as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of ribosomal RNA and protein molecules, and is formed by combining two subunits.
Term
Sanitation
Definition
The promotion of hygiene and prevention of disease by maintenance of clean conditions.
Term
Saturated fat
Definition
A kind of fat, often found in meat and other animal products that cannot incorporate any additional hydrogen atoms.
Term
Saturated Fatty Acid
Definition
A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds, thereby maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton
Term
Secondary Source
Definition
A second hand account about people, places or events
Term
Secondary Structure
Definition
The localized, repetitve coiled or folding of the backbone of a protein due to hydrogen bond formation between amino acids
Term
Sex Chromosome
Definition
One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the gender of an individual
Term
Sickle Cell
Definition
Deformed red blood cells that can lead to numerous symptoms and casued by a genetic mutation in the hemoglobin protein
Term
Sinoartial Node
Definition
A small mass if tissue that is made of purkinge fibers, ganglion cells, and nerve fibers, that is embedded in the musculature of the right atrium of higher vertebrates, and that originates the impulses stimulating heartbeat-also called the S-A node
Term
Sphygmomanometer
Definition
An instruments used to measure blood pressure, and especially arterial pressure.
Term
Solute
Definition
A substance that is dissolved in a solution
Term
Solvent
Definition
Somwthing that can cause another substance to dissolve (as in water)
Term
Sterile
Definition
Free from oragnisms and especially microorganisms
Term
Substrate
Definition
A substance acted upon by an enzyme
Term
Superior Vena Cava
Definition
The second largest vein in the human body that is responsible to retun blood to the right atrium of the heart from the upper body
Term
Supernatant
Definition
The liquid on top of material deposited as a result of settling or centrifugation
Term
Supernatant
Definition
The liquid on top of material deposited as a result of settling or centrifugation
Term
Supernatant
Definition
The liquid on top of material deposited as a result of settling or centrifugation
Term
Symptom
Definition
Subjective evidence of disease or physical disturbance observed by the patient; for example a headache is a symptom of many diseases
Term
System
Definition
A collection of compontents organized to accomplish a specific function or set of functions
Term
Systole
Definition
The stage of the heart cycle in which the heart muscle contracts and the chambers pump blood
Term
Systolic Pressure
Definition
Blood pressure in the arteries durning contraction of the ventricles
Term
Tertiary structure
Definition
irregular contortions of a protein molecule due to interactions of side chains involved in hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bridges
Term
Thymine
Definition
a component of nucleic acid that carries hereditary information in DNA in cells. Chemically is a pyrimidine base.
Term
Tissue
Definition
an integrated group of cells with a common function, structure, or both
Term
Trait
Definition
an inherited characteristic
Term
Transcription
Definition
the synthesis of RNA and DNA template
Term
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Definition
An RNA molecule that acts as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and reorganizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA
Term
Translation
Definition
the synthesis of a polypeptode using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of language from nucleotides to amino acids.
Term
Treatment
Definition
The action or manner of treatinf a patient medically or surgically.
Term
Tricuspid valve
Definition
A valve located at the opening of the right atrium of the heart into the right ventricle which blocks blood from returning to the right atrium after it enters the right ventricle.
Term
Tri-glyceride
Definition
Three fatty acids linked to one glycerol molecule.
Term
Unsaturated Fatty Acid
Definition
A fatty acid processing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.
Term
Vaccinations
Definition
The introduction into human or domestic animals of microorganisms that have been previously been treated to make them harmless for the purpose of inducing the development of immunity.
Term
Valve
Definition
A bodily structure that closes temporarily a passage or orifice, or permits movement in only one direction( such as the heart valve.)
Term
Virion
Definition
A complete virus particle that consists of an RNA or DNA core with a protein coat with an external envelope and that is the extracellular infective form of a virus.
Term
Virulent
Definition
Able to overcome bodily defense mechanisms to cause disease or infection.
Term
Virus
Definition
Any of a large group of submicroscopic infective agents that are regarded as either extremely simple microorganisms or as extremley complex molecules, that typically contain a protein coat surrounding an RNA or DNA core of genetic material but no cell membrane, that are capable of growth or multiplication only in living cells, and that cause various important diseases in humans, plants, or animals.
Term
Works Cited Page
Definition
A document used to show all the resources used to research information.
Term
Zone Of Inhibition
Definition
Region around a chemical saturated disc, where bacteria are unable to grow due to the adverse effects of the compound on the disc.
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